Reports of Practical Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Acid-base balance in the regulation of tumor growth: value for the clinicians","authors":"A. Bogdanov, A. Bogdanov","doi":"10.31917/2203193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2203193","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor acidosis affects every stage of cancer development, from dysplasia to full-blown metastatic disease. Survival strategies of malignant cells in an acidic microenvironment and pH gradient inversion promote resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy, and suppress the antitumor immune response. It is necessary to consider the low pH of the microenvironment both when diagnosing and when choosing the most optimal treatment regimen. The development of methods for non-invasive measurement of tumor pH, methods for direct and indirect correction of acidosis, new pH-activated and pH-targeted drugs is required. In this work, we consider some aspects related to the altered acid-base state of the tumor, which may be significant for the clinician.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89774773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer immunotherapy: current opportunities and perspectives","authors":"O. Nikolaeva, R. Liubota, O. Zotov, R. Vereshchako","doi":"10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238670","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer immunotherapy is a relatively new and pro­mising method of treating neoplasms. Understanding the antigen-directed cytotoxicity of T-lymphocytes has become one of the central directions in involving the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic research in this area has led to the invention of checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Cytokines can enhance the action of T-lymphocytes for their ability to directly stimulate effector and stromal cells in tumor focus and enhance recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic effector cells. They were the first in cancer immunotherapy and remain relevant to this day. Today, immunotherapy is an effective treatment for most malignant tumors, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, liver, stomach, bladder, cervical cancer, some types of breast cancer, lymphoma, etc. However, immunotherapy of some malignant tumors is ineffective, therefore, the development of new and improvement of existing immunotherapy agents is actively underway, and there is a hope that the indications for its use will expand. For this purpose, this review discusses the principles of action of various classes of immunotherapeutic anticancer agents, namely cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adaptive T-cell therapy. The work highlights their indications, efficacy and toxicity from the use of each class of drugs, as well as the prospects for the development of immunotherapeutic anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77254610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urothelial cancer: population-based analysis of the problem in Ukraine","authors":"M. Pikul, E. Stakhovsky, O. Voylenko, O. Stakhovsky, Y. Vitruk, O. A. Kononenko, S. Semko, B.O. Hrechko, D.O. Koshel, O.O. Karkych","doi":"10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238667","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to conduct a population analysis on the basis of the National Cancer Registry with the primary goal: to determine the effectiveness of urothelial cancer treatment in Ukraine; and the secondary goal: to identify the main trends and approaches to therapy with an assessment of their impact on overall survival. Materials and methods. The design of the study was retrospective observational. The analysis was conducted based on the data of the National Cancer Registry from 2008 to 2020. A total of 12,698 patients with urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract and bladder who underwent surgical treatment were analyzed. Statistical sampling was performed based on the creation of the most homogeneous groups of patients with bladder cancer (BC) and the upper urinary tract carcinoma (UUTc) who had the required number of notified parameters for further analysis. The primary objectives of the analysis were to determine: the average age of primary detection of the studied nosologies, level of detection depending on gender, frequency of diagnosis verification before surgery, extent of surgery, frequency of postoperative complications based on data on 30-day rehospitalization, the level of deviation of the principles for prophylactic medical patients’ examination from generally accepted recommendations. The secondary objective was to assess the cumulative survival of patients with urothelial tumors depending on the localization of the primary tumor and the type of surgery (organ-sparing or radical). Results. Organ-sparing treatment was more typical for BC, while radical treatment was performed in 15 % of patients with carcinomas. Organ-sparing treatment was more typical for UUTc (40 %). It should be noted that in this nosology it is accep­table for invasive forms of urothelial cancer. The level of 30-day hospita­lization was low in both pathologies, with a slightly greater advantage of UUTc. The level of complications is grade III according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, averaging 0.2 % for the entire pool of patients. For BC, the overall survival rates by stages were: I — 73 %, II — 49 %, III — 18 % and IV — 11 % (chi-square = 1,807.207; p = 0.000001). For UUTc, the levels of 5-year overall survival correspond to the literature data, but there is a significant negative tendency to decrease the latter after a ­10-year period for all stages (chi-square = 146.298; p = 0.000003). In Ukraine, organ-sparing treatment for UUTc was not inferior to radical nephroureterectomy in the context of 5-year survival (51.3 vs. 51 %; log-rank test). The obtained data testify in favor of the 15% advantage of the total survival of patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at the premises of the National Cancer Institute (high volume center), compared to other regions of Ukraine. Levels of 5- and ­10-year survival in both nosologies were characterized by a statistically non-significant advantage of UUTc over BC of 7 %. Conclusions. Superficia","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82879936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutropenia and management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"O.V. Ponomariova, P.V. Petelskyi, A.S. Kasianenko, T.A. Horbatiuk, M. Nosko, N. V. Banakhevych, A. Kliusov, A. Kondratenko, A. V. Kapinos","doi":"10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238668","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the management of patients with cancer. Due to the quarantine restrictions imposed to some extent around the world, it was necessary to modify treatment regimens by reducing the number of sessions of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as by postponing surgery. The volume of cancer screening has also been reduced. All this, from our point of view, in the long run may not have a very positive effect on the course of treatment and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, doctors today are constantly faced with the task of maintaining the effectiveness of treatment of malignant neoplasms, on the one hand, and reducing the risk of coronavirus — on the other, because, according to many sources, cancer patients are at risk of adverse COVID-19 course. This is especially true for patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In this article we wanted to demonstrate the latest approaches to the management of cancer patients in this difficult period. We also considered the options for wider use of granulocyte colony-sti­mulating factors to prevent neutropenia in the COVID-19 era. It is still controversy about this in the medical scientific community. Unfortunately, the data available today are not enough to make unambiguous statements about a particular patient management, but by analyzing the large number of publications made during the pandemic year, as well as updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, we were able to answer most of the questions that interest us.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86137120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of anticancer vaccines (literature review)","authors":"R. Liubota, Zh.P. Yakovets, R. Vereshchako, M. Anikusko, I. Liubota","doi":"10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2663-3272.4.2.2021.238669","url":null,"abstract":"During the past few decades, the advances in cancer immunotherapy have revived interest in the potential use of vaccines for the malignant tumor treatment. Tumor-associated antigens, which are abnormally expressed by tumor cells, are of decisive importance in the development of anticancer vaccines. Through the stimulation of immunological memory, therapeutic anticancer vaccines can result in long-term remission or healing patients. Therapeutic anticancer vaccines due to the potential safety, specificity and duration of effect can become an alternative to or increase the effectiveness of existing immunotherapies. This article presents data on the tumor antigen structure, characteristics of anticancer vaccines and the results of studies on the clinical efficacy of anticancer vaccines.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80292770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic significance of longitudinal evaluation on egfr mutant ctdna during tki treatment in nsclc","authors":"F. Moiseenko, N. Volkov, A. Zhabina, M. Stepanova, N. A. .. Rjsev, V. Klimenko, A. Myslik, E. Artemieva, N. H. Abduloeva, V. Egorenkov, V. Moiseyenko","doi":"10.31917/2104296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2104296","url":null,"abstract":"Detection of EGFR mutations in tumor tissue is the gold standard for prescribing tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy.However even in the same molecularly defined population effect of the treatment, response duration and survival might differ significantly. We did a prospective clinical trial to assess ctDNA-based EGFR mutations as a prognostic marker for patients with lung adenocarcinoma receiving TKI as first-line treatment.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90373845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outstanding issues of surgical treatment of locally advanced forms of malignant tumors","authors":"V. Egorenkov, K. Andreychuk, M. S. Molchanov, E. Kuleshova","doi":"10.31917/2104269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2104269","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays surgery is still the mainstay of solid tumors treatment. En Bloc resection is surgical treatment in amount of complete tumor removal. There remains considerable uncertainty about many aspects of resection boundaries, including definition and influence of anatomical and histological factors. One of the biggest challenges for the surgeon is choosing the right surgery for the «right» patient, taking into account the type of tumor and its biology.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73017968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer","authors":"D. Zaridze, I. Stilidi, A. Kaprin, D. Maksimovich","doi":"10.31917/2104312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2104312","url":null,"abstract":"Overdiagnosis is the main «driver» of the growing epidemic of thyroid cancer in the world. More than half of cases of thyroid cancer in women are the result of overdiagnosis, i.e. diagnosis of a tumor, the probability of progression and metastasis of which is extremely low. Our analysis showed that the incidence of thyroid cancer in Russia and most of its administrative regions is growing. At the same time, we observe pronounced interregional variability in the incidence rate. A very highage adjusted incidence rate, especially among women, is registered in the Bryansk region and other high-risk regions. The main cause of the increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in the regions adjacent to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is exposure to radioactive iodine (131I ) in childhood and adolescence. However, an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in this region at least partly is a consequence of ultrasonography (US) screening and the identification of clinically insignificant lesions. Only 40% of cases of thyroid cancer detected as a result, of screening could be the attributed to radiation. Accordingly, 60% are latent tumors that would never have clinically shown themselves if they had not been identified as a result, of screening.Altai region is also considered a high-risk region because it borders with the Semipalatinsk region of Kazakhstan the region where the former Soviet nuclear test site was located. Inthe Altai region, the introduction of US screening led to an increase in the detection of thyroid cancer from 8,7% in 1992 to 20,3% in 1999. A marked increase in incidence in Russia, the increase in incidence in middle age and as a result the change in expected exponential pattern of age-specific curve into inverted «U», a very high incidence to mortality ratio, a very high cancer survival rate, which statistically significantly correlates with incidence, a statistically significant correlation between the proportion of tumors detected at the first stage and the incidence of thyroid cancer, a statistically significant correlation between prevalence of thyroid cancer and the incidence is a clear evidence of overdiagnosis. We estimate that the number of overdiagnosed thyroid cancer in Russia over 27 years ranges from 99000 to 138000 cases. We do not have sufficient retrospective data to estimate more accurately the size of thyroid cancer overdiagnosis in Russia. Thyroid cancer incidence data for Russia overall is available only from 1989.","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77505037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas","authors":"No authors .","doi":"10.22141/2663-3272.2.4.2019.195180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22141/2663-3272.2.4.2019.195180","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"41 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89243605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted therapy: twenty years of success and failures","authors":"S. Tyulyandin","doi":"10.31917/2004274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31917/2004274","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101072,"journal":{"name":"Reports of Practical Oncology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89920218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}