Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)最新文献_第9页

Radiation effects on poly (vinyl chloride)—I. gas evolution and physical properties of rigid PVC films 辐射对聚氯乙烯的影响。硬质PVC薄膜的气体演化和物理性能

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90028-7

A.H. Zahran, E.A. Hegazy, F.M. Ezz Eldin

{"title":"Radiation effects on poly (vinyl chloride)—I. gas evolution and physical properties of rigid PVC films","authors":"A.H. Zahran, E.A. Hegazy, F.M. Ezz Eldin","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90028-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90028-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Radiation-induced oxidative degradation of PVC films using 60CO-γ radiation has been investigated at room temperature. Quantitative analyses of evolved gases and oxidative product during irradiation under vacuum conditions and in the presence of oxygen were determined. The G-values of evolved from PVC films irradiated under vacuum were: G(HCl) = 2.3, G(H2) = 0.18, G(CH4) = 0.001, G(CO2) = 0.007, and G(CO) = 0.01 while in the presence of oxygen at an initial pressure of 500 Torr, and the G-values were: G(HCl) = 3.0, G(H2) = 0.2, G(CH4) = 0.006, G(CO2) = 0.09, G(CO) = 0.1, and G(O2) = 1.5. The evolved gases and oxygen consumption were found to depend on oxygen pressure during irradiation of the PVC films. The intrinsic viscosity of rigid PVC was found to decrease at low doses and then gradually increase at higher ones. This may be due to the oxidative degradation occuring at low doses. On the other hand, crosslinking may be the predominant effect at higher doses. Mechanical properties of irradiated PVC films show that there is no significant change in the tensile strength until 0.6 MGy. Meanwhile, elongation percent increases with dose to reach a maximum at 0.1 MGy, and thereafter it sharply decreases at higher irradiation doses.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"26 1","pages":"Pages 25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90028-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53753426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Marketing of irradiated commodities in South Africa 辐照商品在南非的销售

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90252-3

TA Du Plessis, RCB Stevens

{"title":"Marketing of irradiated commodities in South Africa","authors":"TA Du Plessis, RCB Stevens","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90252-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90252-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Although the industrial exploitation of radiation processing in the medical and allied fields has been successfully marketed and applied for the past two decades in South Africa, the introduction of food radurisation on an industrial level adds a completely new dimension to the marketing of this processing technique. Extensive research into the use of radiation for the treatment of various foodstuffs has been carried out by the Nuclear Development Corporation of South Africa for more than a decade, resulting in South Africa being one of the first countries where a commercial irradiator dedicated to this branch of radiation processing, was established. The marketing of this process is especially difficult due to the emotive aspects associated with radiation and man's sensitive reaction to anything pertaining to his food. This situation was made even more difficult by the general public's apprehension towards nuclear activities throughout the world. In an attempt to transform the unfavourable public image associated with this process, an important first step was to form a National Steering Committee for the Marketing of Radurised Food, the members of which were drawn from various agricultural controlling bodies, the Department of Health, and other controlling bodies held in high esteem by the public, such as the Consumer Council and representatives from commerce and industry. This approach proved to be very successful and greatly assisted in creating a climate whereby the public in South Africa today generally has a favourable attitude towards the radurisation of foodstuffs. The development of this marketing strategy for food radurisation in South Africa is discussed in detail.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 1","pages":"Pages 75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90252-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53763742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Radiation treatment of combustion gases: Formulation and test of a reaction model 燃烧气体的辐射处理:反应模型的制定和试验

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90248-1

F. Busi , M. D'Angelantonio , Q.G. Mulazzani , V. Raffaelli , O. Tubertini

引用次数: 30

Flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis. Contributions to the chemistry of biology and medicine 闪光光解和脉冲辐射解。对生物化学和医学的贡献

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90235-3

John A. Stone

引用次数: 18

Electron beam treatment of stack gases 电子束处理烟囱气体

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90247-X

N. Frank, K. Kawamura, G. Miller

引用次数: 14

Trends in radiation dosimetry 辐射剂量学的发展趋势

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90043-3

P.C. Williams

引用次数: 9

Effect of surface texture of grafted films on antithrombogenicity 接枝膜表面结构对抗血栓性的影响

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90133-5

K. Otsuhata , M.T. Razzak , R.L. Castańares , Y. Tabata, F. Ohashi , A. Takeuchi

{"title":"Effect of surface texture of grafted films on antithrombogenicity","authors":"K. Otsuhata , M.T. Razzak , R.L. Castańares , Y. Tabata, F. Ohashi , A. Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90133-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0146-5724(85)90133-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The relation between grafting conditions and antithrombogenicity has been examined from the purpose of clearing the necessity of controling grafting conditions to enhance blood compatibility. The grafting systems employed here were N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) — poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) and DMAA- poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (AFLON) and grafting parameters were dose rate, monomer concentration and total dose (irradiation time). Grafting DMAA onto the substrates was carried out by using simultaneous irradiation method of gamma rays from a 60Co source. After evaluation of blood compatibility of the grafted films by using in vitro tests, it has been clear that control of grafting conditions is important. Especially, in both grafting systems, dose rate control has found to be very important for blood compatibility. When higher dose rate of 1.0 × 105 to 3.0 × 105 rad/hr was used for grafting DMAA onto PTFE or AFLON, blood compatibility of the substrates was not enhanced, whereas it was improved when the grafting was carried out at lower dose rate of 0.97 × 104 rad/hr. The correlation between dose rate and antithrombogenicity has been interpretated in terms of surface-roughness of the grafted films. By scanning electron microscope (SEM) — observation, it has been observed that higher dose rate makes the surface rough, whereas lower dose rate does it smooth. In the grafting systems used here, therefore, dose rate is the most important factor to control the roughness of surface which gives a profound effect on antithrombogenicity.</div>","PeriodicalId":101054,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977)","volume":"25 4","pages":"Pages 537-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0146-5724(85)90133-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53758557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Effect of gamma radiation on gelation in polyvinyl alcohol solutions γ辐射对聚乙烯醇溶液凝胶化的影响

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90031-7

Chen Wenxiu, Bao Huaying, Zhang Manwei

引用次数: 20

Electron beam energy transport: problems and prospects 电子束能量输运:问题与展望

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90161-X

E.A. Abramyan, B.A. Altercop, G.D. Kuleshov

引用次数: 1

Casting of plastic optical lenses by radiation polymerization and its practical production as photocondenser lenses 辐射聚合铸造塑料光学透镜及其聚光透镜的实用化生产

Radiation Physics and Chemistry (1977) Pub Date : 1985-01-01 Epub Date: 2002-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/0146-5724(85)90169-4

I. Kaetsu , M. Kumakura , F. Yoshii , K. Yoshida , S. Nishiyama , O. Abe , H. Tanaka , S. Nakamura

引用次数: 4