{"title":"Assetizing the video game: Play-to-earn (P2E) games and blockchain rentiership","authors":"Gordon Kuo Siong TAN","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2025.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2025.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rentiership has recently involved the growing use of novel technological mechanisms to facilitate rent capture and extraction. This trend is reflected in a slew of \"play-toearn\" (P2E) video games. P2E users can earn money by playing blockchain-based video games and accumulating cryptocurrency tokens and other virtual in-game assets, which are represented as non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This paper argues that P2E gaming represents a new form of techno-economic rentiership that blurs the boundaries between work and play. Using the P2E game Axie Infinity as a case study, this paper explores how economic rents are being made in a digital environment and examines the role of labor in driving rentiership dynamics. Blockchain serves as a tool for generating rents by facilitating the decentralized production of a plethora of digital assets by individual users, where property and ownership rights of these assets are algorithmically governed. P2E labor is organized under manager-scholar programs and gaming guilds that allow asset owners to receive a cut of players’ earnings in exchange for lending game assets. These labor arrangements promote community in the assetization process. Such a rentiership system is inherently unstable, relying on a highly financialized business model that needs to keep attracting financially motivated players who sustain asset values through their gameplay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From average to extremes: Application of archetypal analysis in economic geography","authors":"Milad Abbasiharofteh","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2025.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2025.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces Archetypal Analysis (AA) to economic geographers. AA is a novel unsupervised learning method that identifies and analyses outliers in multivariate datasets. Unlike conventional clustering methods focusing on the average, AA highlights extreme cases and represent each data point as convex combinations of extreme points. This method offers a needed analytical tool for recent economic geography research efforts studying the key drivers of success against all odds, like green transition in peripheral regions or poor outcomes like regional left-behindness. The article showcases the applicability of AA by creating a typology of European regions’ technological specializations in clean and dirty technologies. We provide open access to an R script to facilitate the adoption of AA in future economic geography research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From waste to value? Valuation and materiality in geographies of industrial by-product use","authors":"Marius Angstmann","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Discussions about the environmental impacts of production and consumption are fuelling interest in strategies to transform industrial regions. While economic geography and regional development research extensively cover sustainable innovation and green regional development, innovation diffusion, demand-side aspects, and market emergence are often neglected. This paper illustrates how an enhanced valuation perspective that integrates materiality more directly helps to assess dynamic social processes of valuation in the case of low-carbon, resource efficient solutions. Through a path tracing approach, the paper assesses how two industrial by-products, slag sand and fly ash, evolved into highly valued secondary resources in Germany's Ruhr. Regional availability, market devices, and institutional work influence different dimensions of market valuation in waste-to-value processes. Insights on different phases of the development provide hint on how to organise and foster regional circular solutions. Findings may inform research and policy to advance emerging green industries, market creation for sustainable resources, and industrial decarbonisation, where the materiality of technologies and resources plays a key role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"3 1","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legitimation strategies in emerging ecosystems: The case of advanced air mobility in Hamburg","authors":"Tim Fraske , Filipe Mello Rose , Niloufar Vadiati","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides insights into the legitimation process of emerging ecosystems and strengthens the conceptual link between entrepreneurial ecosystems and economic geography. It examines existing theoretical frameworks on legitimation strategies in emerging entrepreneurial ecosystems by inquiring into advanced air mobility (AAM), an area in which innovation faces exceptionally high legitimation challenges. The initial integration of drones for logistics and air taxis for passenger transport is surrounded by ambiguous future visions that range from high expectations to concerns about developing a mobility form that is neither sustainable nor socially acceptable and affordable. Empirically, this article offers an analytical understanding of the collective legitimation strategies within the emerging AAM ecosystem in Hamburg, Germany. For this, we used multiple qualitative methods and data sources: (1) a contextualizing network analysis, (2) semi-structured interviews with 22 representatives of tech and policy development, and (3) participatory observation from applied research projects. Based on the empirical material, we find that the current conceptual debate underestimates the public sector's role in ecosystem emergence and legitimation. As AAM depends on fundamental regulatory change, authorities and state-owned companies in the aviation sector have a decisive influence on the emergence of the ecosystem. Furthermore, our findings highlight how global discourses shape local practices and expectations. By combining cross-sectoral knowledge, entrepreneurs and policymakers aim to identify feasible use cases for their place-specific context. Nevertheless, the lack of a collective identity within the ecosystem, which comes largely from the uncertainties of AAM, poses numerous challenges for ecosystem participants addressing their liability of newness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green upscaling of an established path? The case of salmon farming in Norway","authors":"Markus Steen","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scholarly debate at the intersection of the path development debate in economic geography and the sustainability transitions literature has shed new light on the emergence of new growth paths as well as the ‘green’ transformation of existing paths. However, in the face of not only sustainability challenges but also a growing world population, several sectors will need to expand. This includes parts of the bioeconomy, that hold the promise of delivering sustainably produced foods, energy and material inputs. This article conceptualizes sustainable growth as <em>green upscaling</em> and focuses on intertwined processes of path expansion and transformation enabled by innovation in both governance and technology, and argues that to understand the prospects for bioeconomy growth, natural resources and ecological infrastructures demand more attention. Empirically, the article analyses the Norwegian salmon farming (aquaculture) industry, where developments over the last decade have been guided by a vision of sustainable growth. The findings reveal that despite considerable innovation, green upscaling remains elusive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detecting geographical patterns in the EU’s interregional flows: A multilayer hierarchical approach","authors":"Dimitrios Tsiotas , Vassilis Tselios","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper develops a multilayer statistical model to examine geographical patterns of different types of interregional flows within the European Union (EU). The results first reveal the success story of the EU regarding the goal of territorial cohesion in the flow of people. Next, they capture a differential level of each type of interregional flows contribution to the overall market, where flows of capital prevail and knowledge flows lag. The analysis also reveals a diversified degree of cohesion in the interregional flows market describing Germany, the United Kingdom, the “blue banana” regions, the Central and West Europe’s coastal regions, and the East Europe’s regions. Although the EU’s path to regional development looks in the right direction, there is evidence that “borders still matter”, equipping economic geographers and policymakers with an instrumented approach for modeling and evaluating the integration of spatial economies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141636674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A stack made in heaven? Exploring AI-blockchain intersections and their implications for labour and value","authors":"Ludovico Rella , Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How have socio-technical practices in blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) communities shaped one another and society more widely? This article explores the different and overlapping materialities, practices, spaces and places that the two most hyped technologies of the 21st century are impacting and evolving within. Employing the concept and analogy of “the stack”, we show how Machine Learning (ML), and crypto-assets each developed separately and yet become deeply interconnected. In doing so, we pluralise the concept of the stack to trace how two techno-communities have cometh, collided and colluded (Three Cs) in ways that pose varying implications for labour and the enactment of value in hyper capitalist tech-driven economic geographies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic geography and planetary boundaries: Embracing the planet’s uncompromising call to action","authors":"Camilla Chlebna , Emil Evenhuis , Diana Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Planetary boundaries set the limits within which human societies can operate and thrive. Given that planetary boundaries are severely being exceeded at the moment due to anthropogenic activities, while human development is fundamentally dependent on the state of the environment, we argue that the research agenda within economic geography needs to be reconsidered with this in mind. In light of this, we offer several constructive ways forward for economic geography.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Let's innovate! but for what value(s)? Towards an economic geography of valuation in markets and society","authors":"Hugues Jeannerat","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In an endeavor to comprehend the socio-economic origins of the value added created within and between territories, economic geography has tended to overlook how value is itself socio-economically constructed in space. I claim, in line with economic sociology and pragmatist market theories, that the socio-economic construction of value should be at the core of our contemporary understanding of innovation to address not merely the economic issues of globalization, but also the grand societal challenges we face today. Value creation should not be regarded as a consequential output of production and innovation organized across space, but as an ongoing process of social, economic and technical co-construction that is contingent on both time and space. This is not to say that one should abandon research on innovation in economic geography, but rather that it should be approached as a question of <em>valuation</em>. In this approach, value creation is not the consequence of innovation, but the process and the result of socially undertaken changes that are co-existential with innovation around two interdependent issues: innovation as relational and transactional valuation in markets and as institutional and political valuation in society. This research should also be future-oriented and should reposition materiality at its center.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a geographical political economy understanding of platformization","authors":"Yannick Ecker , Max Münßinger","doi":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peg.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last ten years digital platforms have emerged as an important theme in academic discourse and various subdisciplines of geography and adjacent research areas. Whether in the fields of social media, urban transport, industry cloud services or gig work, platformization is therein often discussed as a more-than-economic phenomenon engaging in a conflictive relationship with public interest, sovereignty, regulation and the state. However, while the concept of the platform has become ubiquitous, the integration of and dialogue between various broadened definitions are less often practiced. In our short paper, we argue that for further addressing this intricate relation between platforms, power and sovereignty an engagement with the platform concept and its integration through a political economy understanding is key for two reasons: Firstly, an overarching concept of platformization transcending the political/economy binary is necessary to be able to problematize the reification of normalized economic practices lying at the heart of the phenomenon. Secondly, there is a pragmatic reason for developing a geographical political economy perspective on platformization as it can serve as a common ground for an <em>engaged pluralism</em> within and beyond the discipline of economic geography. Based on a systematization of existing definitions this paper therefore combines insights from political economy perspectives, urban platform research and research on platform labor to propose a working definition stimulating a reflection on the platform discourse thus far and strengthening strategical-relational thinking on platform power in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101047,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Economic Geography","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}