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Theoretical models for the alkali fluids 碱流体的理论模型

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00106-9

J.P. Hernandez , E. Chacón , P. Tarazona , M. Reinaldo-Falagán

{"title":"Theoretical models for the alkali fluids","authors":"J.P. Hernandez , E. Chacón , P. Tarazona , M. Reinaldo-Falagán","doi":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00106-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00106-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Unified self-consistent models representing the basic characteristics of the alkali fluids are reviewed. The self consistency consists of Monte Carlo simulations, in a classical lattice gas, to obtain atomic configurations which appear with a thermal probability eF/kBT, where the configurational free energy F is determined by that of a quantum mechanical electronic system with one valence electron per atom. The models allow calculation of the structural, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of the fluid. The results of such calculations have been compared with experimental data. The calculated properties which have been emphasized are the vapor–liquid coexistence curve and, at coexistence conditions, the electrical conductivity and the electronic paramagnetic susceptibility. The main conclusions which have been reached are the following. The asymmetric coexistence curves of these fluids arise from the effects of equilibrium density fluctuations which, due to the influence of delocalizable valence electrons, give rise to energies which are not pairwise additive. The nonmetal to metal transition in these fluids is predominantly due to the onset of percolation in the atomic structures driven by the electronic effects. Self consistency of atomic and electronic structures are crucial to the understanding of the properties of these fluids.</div>","PeriodicalId":101031,"journal":{"name":"Plasmas & Ions","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00106-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76556997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Titanium, boron and titanium diboride deposition in alkali fluorochloride melts 钛、硼和二硼化钛在氟氯化碱熔体中的沉积

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00107-0

Frédéric Lantelme , Abdeslam Barhoun , El Mamoune Zahidi , Jens H. von Barner

{"title":"Titanium, boron and titanium diboride deposition in alkali fluorochloride melts","authors":"Frédéric Lantelme , Abdeslam Barhoun , El Mamoune Zahidi , Jens H. von Barner","doi":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00107-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00107-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The mechanism of the electroreduction of K2TiF6 and KBF4 in fused KCl–NaCl–NaF was determined from transient electrochemical techniques at temperatures ranging from 650 to 800°C. The reduction of titanium occurred in a two-step reaction Ti4+ + e−→ Ti3+ and Ti3+ + 3e−→ Ti similar to that obtained in all-fluoride melts. The deposition of boron is obtained from the reduction of boron at oxidation state III: B3+ + 3e−→ B. Cyclic voltammetry showed that when KBF4 was introduced in the KCl–NaCl–NaF–K2TiF6 melt a new peak appeared corresponding to the reaction Ti3+ + 2B3+ + 9e−→ TiB2. Analysis by numerical simulation of the transient curves was used to obtain accurate values of the reaction parameters: rate constants, coverage factors, diffusion coefficients and standard potentials. From these measurements the thermodynamic properties of the solutions are calculated. It is shown that the Gibbs energy of formation of TiB2 deduced from the present experiments is in good agreement with the values in the literature.</div>","PeriodicalId":101031,"journal":{"name":"Plasmas & Ions","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00107-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82008503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Index 指数

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00802-3

引用次数: 0

The study of electrode processes in LiF–NaF–KF–K2TaF7–KBF4 melt LiF-NaF-KF-K2TaF7-KBF4熔体电极工艺研究

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00109-4

L.P. Polyakova , E.G. Polyakov , N.J. Bjerrum

{"title":"The study of electrode processes in LiF–NaF–KF–K2TaF7–KBF4 melt","authors":"L.P. Polyakova , E.G. Polyakov , N.J. Bjerrum","doi":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00109-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00109-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The electrode processes in the FLINAK–K2TaF7–KBF4 melt were studied by the method of linear voltammetry with a silver working electrode at the temperature of 700–750<math><mspace></mspace><mtext>°</mtext></math>C. In order to eliminate possible errors, two approaches were used, namely KBF4 addition to the FLINAK–K2TaF7 melt and K2TaF7 addition to the FLINAK–KBF4 melt. During the experiment the oxygen content in the melt was constantly monitored by linear voltammetry with a glassy carbon electrode. It was shown that depending on the B/Ta molar ratio in the melt the voltammograms had at least one peak. So, at B/<math><mtext>Ta</mtext><mtext>=</mtext><mtext>1</mtext></math> two cathodic peaks can be seen. Electrolysis of this melt at increasing current density leads to the formation of Tacub, then Tatetragon and a mixture of tantalum with borides. Further increase of B/Ta results in a greater number of cathodic peaks, as well as the appearance of TaB2 and elemental boron in the cathodic deposit alongside with the aforementioned phases. In the electrolytes studied no corroboration of the existence of tantalum and boron heteronuclear complexes has been found. The addition of sodium oxide to the melt in question simplifies the shape of cyclic voltammograms of the FLINAK–K2TaF7–KBF4 melt considerably.</div>","PeriodicalId":101031,"journal":{"name":"Plasmas & Ions","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00109-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83855647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Index 指数

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)00801-1

引用次数: 0

Statistics of structural holes in the one-component classical plasma near freezing 单组分经典等离子体接近冻结时结构空穴的统计

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80007-0

M. Cardenas , M.P. Tosi

引用次数: 0

The electrodeposition of Al-Nb alloys from chloroaluminate electrolytes 氯铝酸盐电解液电沉积Al-Nb合金

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80010-0

G.R. Stafford , G.M. Haarberg

{"title":"The electrodeposition of Al-Nb alloys from chloroaluminate electrolytes","authors":"G.R. Stafford , G.M. Haarberg","doi":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80010-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80010-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The electrochemical behavior of niobium in a 52:48 mole ratio AlCl3:NaCl molten salt electrolyte was examined by linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry at 190 °C. Niobium oxidation begins at about 1.10 V versus Al but appears to be limited to a charge of about 3.7 mC/cm2 before the electrode becomes inhibited. This inhibition is likely due to the limited solubility of the niobium oxidation product. The inhibition region extends from about 1.20 V to 1.40 V. At higher oxidation potentials, the current can be continuously increased up to the anodic limit of the chloroaluminate electrolyte. Aluminum-niobium alloys can be electrodeposited from the above electrolyte following Nb dissolution. Alloys containing a Nb atomic fraction of up to 13.4 % have been electrodeposited. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy examination of these electrodeposits indicate that the low Nb deposits are face centered cubic aluminum. As the Nb content increases, an amorphous phase is introduced into the structure. The exact composition of the amorphous phase as well as the phase distribution in the 3 % to 13.4 % Nb alloys have yet to be determined.</div>","PeriodicalId":101031,"journal":{"name":"Plasmas & Ions","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80010-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75389056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Liquid-phase reactions induced by gaseous plasma. Decomposition of benzoic acids in aqueous solution 气态等离子体诱导的液相反应。苯甲酸在水溶液中的分解

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80008-2

M. Tezuka, M. Iwasaki

引用次数: 41

Technological applications of molten salts: the case of the molten carbonate fuel cell 熔盐的技术应用:熔融碳酸盐燃料电池的案例

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80006-9

M. Cassir, C. Belhomme

引用次数: 25

Continuous vapour pressure measurements of salt-water mixtures: thermodynamics of the system NaNO3-LiNO3-H2O at 179 °C 盐-水混合物的连续蒸汽压力测量:系统NaNO3-LiNO3-H2O在179°C的热力学

Plasmas & Ions Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1288-3255(99)80009-4

J. Geerlings, J. Richter

引用次数: 0