Neuroimmunology Reports最新文献

Rapid progression of a painful vulvar lesion in a multiple sclerosis patient on ocrelizumab: A case report 多发性硬化症患者服用奥克雷单抗后外阴病变迅速进展：一例报告

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2026.100276

Joep Neven , Coen Schreuder , Robbert Bentvelsen , Jean-Luc Murk , Janneke Hoogstad-van Evert , Caspar van Munster

引用次数: 0

Urgent use of tocilizumab in suspected MOGAD with malignant cerebral edema 托珠单抗在疑似MOGAD伴恶性脑水肿患者中的紧急应用

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100273

Marie E Varnet , Cynthia Wang

{"title":"Urgent use of tocilizumab in suspected MOGAD with malignant cerebral edema","authors":"Marie E Varnet , Cynthia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor blockers like Tocilizumab (TCZ) have shown safety and efficacy when used in relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), but reported use in the acute phase is scarce. Even less is known about the potential use of TCZ based on clinical suspicion of MOGAD, in conjunction with standard therapies (i.e. high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasma exchange); rather than after these have failed to improve symptoms.</div><div>We present the case of a 4-year-old boy with acute CNS demyelination and malignant cerebral edema suspected to be secondary to MOGAD. His symptoms were not responsive to high-dose steroids and clinical status was continuing to decline alongside evidence of impending brain herniation.</div><div>The patient steadily improved following TCZ administration, with ultimately excellent recovery. He regained baseline cognitive and communication abilities and near baseline motor abilities. Confirmatory MOG-IgG serum titers returned following the first dose of TCZ.</div><div>IL-6 receptor blockading agents like TCZ, may be considered acutely in life-threatening CNS demyelinating disease when there is malignant cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension, which can often be associated with MOGAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100950,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145898178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Atypical neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with immunotherapy-responsive neurological symptoms and leukodystrophy-like white matter lesions: A case report 非典型视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍伴免疫治疗反应性神经症状和白质样白质病变：1例报告

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2026.100274

Kana Ohnari , Kazumasa Okada , Masayuki Ikegawa , Satoru Ide , Yukio Iwanaka

{"title":"Atypical neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with immunotherapy-responsive neurological symptoms and leukodystrophy-like white matter lesions: A case report","authors":"Kana Ohnari , Kazumasa Okada , Masayuki Ikegawa , Satoru Ide , Yukio Iwanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.nerep.2026.100274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nerep.2026.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune neurological disease mediated by anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibodies. Current diagnostic criteria prioritize AQP4 antibody positivity, enabling diagnosis even in atypical cases. Here, we report an atypical case of AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>The patient initially presented with relapsing optic neuritis and, after a prolonged course, developed slowly evolving gait disturbance and cognitive decline with leukodystrophy-like white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging under treatment with prednisolone. No other relevant autoantibodies except AQP4 antibody were detected. Oligoclonal IgG bands were persistently detected, and interleukin-6 levels were abnormally elevated in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurological deficits and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities improved following immunotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case highlights that NMOSD can rarely present with atypical features, including slowly evolving neurological symptoms and leukodystrophy-like imaging findings. It underscores the need for long-term monitoring, even in cases that initially appear typical, as well as the importance of appropriate immunotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100950,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology Reports","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neurogenic pulmonary edema as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis relapses 神经源性肺水肿是多发性硬化症复发的表现

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2026.100275

Tayyebeh Saberbaghi , Niloofar Mortezaei , Elaheh Shahmiri , Reza Vosoughi

引用次数: 0

Late-onset MOGAD: A case series and literature review 迟发性MOGAD：一个病例系列和文献综述

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100268

Y. Mishan , D. Schwartz , D. Elefant , S. Gandelman

引用次数: 0

“When HIV meets MG: Is immune reconstitution in the mix?” “当HIV与MG相遇时：是否存在免疫重建？”

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100263

Aditya Vijayakrishnan Nair, Lesley Ponraj, Ajith Sivadasan, Sanjit Aaron

{"title":"“When HIV meets MG: Is immune reconstitution in the mix?”","authors":"Aditya Vijayakrishnan Nair, Lesley Ponraj, Ajith Sivadasan, Sanjit Aaron","doi":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Autoimmune disorders and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity rarely coexist. We report a case of anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive myasthenia gravis (MuSK+ MG) in an HIV positive patient. Antiretroviral therapy resulted in an immune reconstitution syndrome, resulting in worsening of MG symptoms. However, the role of additional immunomodulation in this setting has yet to be clarified.</div></div><div><h3>Case Presentation</h3><div>A 44-year-old woman with virologically suppressed HIV infection presented with fluctuating oculobulbar symptoms, limb weakness, and respiratory failure. These symptoms were noticed around 6 months following antiretroviral therapy (ART) modification. Electrophysiological studies and elevated anti-MuSK antibody levels confirmed MuSK + MG. An increase in the CD4 count from 115 to 681 cells/µL following the ART modification was consistent with immune reconstitution. Treatment with corticosteroids, Rituximab, and opportunistic infection prophylaxis resulted in a reduction in her MG symptoms with no adverse side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case underscores the complexities of managing autoimmune diseases in HIV, where ART-induced immune reconstitution may unmask or trigger autoimmunity. Early diagnosis and targeted therapies can improve outcomes. In this case, Rituximab initiation facilitated symptom control and steroid tapering. The need for a multidisciplinary approach to balance immunosuppression and infection risks has been emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100950,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interferon beta-induced paracentral acute middle maculopathy: A case report 干扰素诱发的中央旁急性中黄斑病变1例

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100262

Hamlet Ghukasyan , Laura Gabaldón Torres , María García-Pous

引用次数: 0

A case of a patient with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia managed with immunoglobulin and zilucoplan 视神经脊髓炎伴低γ -球蛋白血症患者应用免疫球蛋白和zilucoplan治疗1例

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100267

Monique Anderson, Michael Levy

引用次数: 0

Case report: Astrocytoma coexisting with serum glycine receptor 1 antibody 星形细胞瘤伴血清甘氨酸受体1抗体1例报告

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100269

Rong Fu , Ling Gong , Zhongyong Peng , Ying Zhang , Zhun Ding , Ying Bai

{"title":"Case report: Astrocytoma coexisting with serum glycine receptor 1 antibody","authors":"Rong Fu , Ling Gong , Zhongyong Peng , Ying Zhang , Zhun Ding , Ying Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antibody against glycine receptor 1 (GlyR1) is frequently detected in autoimmune encephalitis, where they primarily manifest as stiff- person syndrome or progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus and epilepsy. While GlyR1 antibody positivity is often associated with thymomas, B-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, and small cell lung cancer, its association with glioma has not been reported to date.</div></div><div><h3>Case presentation</h3><div>We report a 47-year-old male patient who presented with acute symptomatic seizures and lesions in the left temporal and hippocampus are typically detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Antibodies related to autoimmune encephalitis was tested positive for GlyR1 receptor antibodies in serum (titer is 1:30) but not in cerebrospinal fluid. The patient underwent resection of a left cerebral hemisphere lesion, which was pathologically diagnosed as astrocytoma, and carried out radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Without postoperative immunotherapy, the patient remained free of epileptic symptoms following oral sodium valproate antiepileptic treatment. We thus attributed the epilepsy to astrocytoma rather than GlyR antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis. Due to poor immunity after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for the tumor, the patient suffered from status epilepticus and multiple organ failure, and eventually passed away.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This case is the first to report the coexistence of GlyR antibodies and glioma, revealing the association between autoimmune antibodies and tumors. In the future, more research needs to focus on the mechanism underlying their coexistence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100950,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145320247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concurrent neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and neurofascin-155 antibody associated peripheral demyelination in a child 并发神经脊髓炎视谱障碍和神经束蛋白-155抗体相关的儿童周围脱髓鞘

Neuroimmunology Reports Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100270

Brianna N Brun , Monica E Kim , Rae Leonor F Gumayan , Anne M Connolly , Sean C Rose , Richard Miller , Jennifer L McKinney , Hersh Varma , Kelsey E Poisson

{"title":"Concurrent neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and neurofascin-155 antibody associated peripheral demyelination in a child","authors":"Brianna N Brun , Monica E Kim , Rae Leonor F Gumayan , Anne M Connolly , Sean C Rose , Richard Miller , Jennifer L McKinney , Hersh Varma , Kelsey E Poisson","doi":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.nerep.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a case of pediatric aquaporin-4 positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+ NMOSD) with delayed diagnosis due to co-occurrence of neurofascin-155 (NF155) nodopathy. A 7-year-old African American girl presented with vomiting, weight loss, dysarthria, and dysphagia. Examination showed multiple cranial nerve abnormalities, reduced pinprick sensation distal to mid-shin, and ascending areflexia. A non-enhancing lesion centered in the dorsal left medulla was detected on MRI. Nerve conduction studies revealed a length-dependent, demyelinating, sensorimotor polyneuropathy. IgM and IgG NF155 antibodies were present in serum. Treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and high dose methylprednisolone followed by a gradual corticosteroid taper over 11 months with good recovery and normalization of imaging findings. One year later, the child again presented with brainstem syndrome, but without peripheral nerve involvement, and was found to have enhancing dorsal pontine and medullary lesions with additional involvement in the septum pellucidum and fornices. She responded well to methylprednisolone, IVIG, and plasmapheresis and later tested positive for AQP4-IgG. AQP4+ NMOSD frequently co-occurs with other autoantibody-mediated conditions which may confound the diagnostic approach. Children presenting with any core clinical characteristic of NMOSD should be tested for AQP4-IgG, even in the setting of additional symptoms localizing to the peripheral nervous system or to other systemic autoimmune disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100950,"journal":{"name":"Neuroimmunology Reports","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145579037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0