{"title":"Characterization of iron in Fe-VPI-5 and its thermally transformed product, FAPO-8","authors":"S. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00072-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00072-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Iron incorporation in VPI-5 occurs within a narrow range of gel composition and hydrothermal treatment conditions. Physico-chemical characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, SEM, thermogravimetry and solidstate NMR. The ESR studies showed that Fe<sup>3+</sup> incorporation occurs into lattice sites only; no occluded Fe species are observed. A significant amount of framework iron was removed during the thermal transformation of Fe-VPI-5 to FAPO-8, forming aggregates of occluded iron species in the pores. During the process, part of the Fe<sup>3+</sup> reduced to Fe<sup>2+</sup> with concurrent observations of a signal near zero field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 123-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00072-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88405858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction of LTA and FAU zeolites with NH4H2PO4 melts yields crystalline NH4AlP2O7","authors":"Susan M. Bradley , Russell F. Howe","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00048-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00048-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Study of the reaction of zeolites A (LTA), and X and Y (FAU) with NH<sub>4</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> melts at 230°C for varying time periods (30 min to 36 h) found the final product formed in each case to have a powder X-ray diffraction pattern consistent with ammonium aluminum pyrophosphate, NH<sub>4</sub>AlP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, the single crystal structure of which has not been reported. No intermediate crystalline phases were detected. <sup>29</sup>Si MAS NMR confirmed, however, that some Si was still present, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed it to be located primarily at the crystallite surfaces. The crystallites were found to have an extremely low surface area (ca. 10m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup>), and hence not to be porous. MAS NMR studies found it to consist of six-coordinate aluminum and four-coordinate phosphorus in the aluminum pyrophosphate, and four-coordinate silicon in a highly siliceous environment. These results contradict the previous report of this reaction producing ‘phosphated aluminosilicates in which phosphorus substitutes into the zeolite framework sites thereby forming promising anion exchangers’ (A. Dyer, S.A. Malik, A. Araya, T.J. McConville, in: P.A. Williams, M.J. Hudson (Eds.), Recent Developments in Ion Exchange (Pap. Int. Conf. Ion Exch. Processes), 1987, pp. 257–263.).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00048-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89346178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralf Heidler, Geert O.A. Janssens, Wilfried J. Mortier, Robert A. Schoonheydt
{"title":"Charge sensitivity analysis of the interaction of pyrrole with basic FAU-type zeolites using the electronegativity equalization method","authors":"Ralf Heidler, Geert O.A. Janssens, Wilfried J. Mortier, Robert A. Schoonheydt","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00039-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00039-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interaction of pyrrole with alkali cation exchanged FAU-type zeolites is studied using a combination of the electronegativity equalization method (EEM) and the Monte Carlo technique. Pyrrole adsorbs at S<sub>II</sub> cations, the NH-group pointing to the most basic oxygen O4. The NH-bond polarization and the pyrrole framework interaction energy reflect the fundamental and well established trends of the intrinsic framework basicity: an increasing basicity with an increasing Al-content and, at a given Si:Al-ratio, an increasing basicity with increasing size of the exchangeable cations. In contrast to a recent interpretation of the IR-spectra of the NH-stretching vibration of pyrrole (D. Murphy, P. Massiani, R. Franck, D. Barthomeuf, J. Phys. Chem., 100 (1996) 6731; D. Murphy, P. Massiani, R. Franck, D. Barthomeuf, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 105 (1997) 639). our Monte Carlo calculations show that there is only one adsorption site for pyrrole in the FAU-structure at low loadings. An alternative explanation for the observed heterogeneity of the IR-spectra of pyrrole is discussed on the basis of our calculations: the orientation of the pyrrole molecule with respect to the six-ring depends on the Si:Al-ratio of the tetrahedra forming the six-rings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00039-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90387203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Lohse , B. Parlitz , D. Müller , E. Schreier , R. Bertram , R. Fricke
{"title":"MgAPO molecular sieves of CHA and AFI structure — Acidity and Mg ordering","authors":"U. Lohse , B. Parlitz , D. Müller , E. Schreier , R. Bertram , R. Fricke","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00064-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00064-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnesium containing molecular sieves, viz. MgAPO-44, MgAPO-34 (CHA) and MgAPO-5 (AFI), were prepared with cyclohexylamine (structures 44 and 5) and tetraethylammonium hydroxide (structure 34) as templating agents. The crystallization was performed at 473 K by means of a microwave power system. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, thermal analysis, adsorption measurements, calorimetric measurement of the differential molar heat of NH<sub>3</sub> sorption, temperature-programmed NH<sub>3</sub> desorption, infrared spectroscopy and MAS NMR spectroscopy. For the as-synthesized samples, up to 7.7 wt% of MgO is incorporated into lattice positions of the CHA structure and substitutes aluminum.</p><p>The relative intensities of the deconvoluted <sup>31</sup>P NMR signals of the as-synthesized chabazite-like samples (MgAPO-44 and MgAPO-34) depend on the type of templating molecules. The calcined samples (723 K), however, showed nearly identical results which could be interpreted in terms of different <sup>31</sup>P(4 <em>n</em> Al, <em>n</em> Mg) environments. A random distribution of the Mg atoms is deduced from the NMR results.</p><p>The incorporation of Mg creates isolated bridging hydroxyls. The temperature of the structure collapse decreases with increasing Mg content.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 39-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00064-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79431349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sano , Y. Nakajima , Z.B. Wang , Y. Kawakami , K. Soga , A. Iwasaki
{"title":"Effect of framework aluminum on the dissolution process of ZSM-5 zeolite crystal","authors":"T. Sano , Y. Nakajima , Z.B. Wang , Y. Kawakami , K. Soga , A. Iwasaki","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00058-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00058-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of framework aluminum on the dissolution behavior of ZSM-5 zeolite crystal was systematically studied using an interferometric technique. We succeeded in the three-dimensional measurement of the dissolution rates of aluminum-containing ZSM-5 zeolite crystal, namely the (010) face of ZSM-5 zeolite crystal as well as the (100) and (001) faces. The dissolution rate was dependent strongly upon the amount of framework aluminum of the zeolite crystal and the concentration of NaOH aqueous solution used. It was also found that the aluminum-containing ZSM-5 zeolite crystal is convex and that the inclination of the (010) face at the edge of the ZSM-5 zeolite crystal is steeper than that of silicalite crystal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00058-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84090811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adsorption of normal hexane in silicalite-1: an isosteric approach","authors":"Yiwen Yang, Lovat V.C. Rees","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00071-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00071-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An isosteric method has been used to determine the adsorption equilibrium of hexane in silicalite-1 from 333 K to 423 K, and loadings of 2.8 to 5.5 molecules per unit cell. The isosteric heats of adsorption, <em>q</em><sub>st</sub>, and the differential molar entropies of adsorption, <em>ΔS∘</em>, have been calculated from the isosteres. Isotherms were also obtained from the isosteres. All isotherms show an inflection at a coverage of ~4 molecules per unit cell.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00071-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75887795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gutiérrez-Alejandre , M. Trombetta , G. Busca , J. Ramírez
{"title":"Characterization of alumina-titania mixed oxide supports I. TiO2-based supports","authors":"A. Gutiérrez-Alejandre , M. Trombetta , G. Busca , J. Ramírez","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00062-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00062-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bulk and surface properties of a series of titanium-rich Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> mixed oxides catalytic supports have been determined by different techniques (<em>S</em><sub>BET</sub>, pore size distribution, XRD, DTA, FTIR, FT-Raman, UV-vis diffuse reflectance and FTIR of adsorbed pivalonitrile and pyridine). The analysis of the results indicates that the prepared solids were fairly homogeneous, with titania showing the anatase structure and no segregation of alumina particles. Also, the addition of small amounts of alumina to titania enhances significantly its thermal stability. The UV, FTIR, Raman and XRD results suggest that part of the alumina forms a solid solution with TiO<sub>2</sub> and that two types of aluminum are present, one due to surface monolayer-type species and other due to octahedrally coordinated bulk species. The FT-Raman and the FTIR spectra of adsorbed probe molecules support the idea that the anatase particles are largely covered by surface alumina partial monolayers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00062-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72667337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid synthesis of MFI titanosilicates using in situ seeding method","authors":"Masashi Shibata , Julien Gérard , Zelimir Gabelica","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00065-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00065-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new synthesis method for a rapid crystallization of metallosilicates called the in situ seeding method was applied to the MFI titanosilicate (TS-1) synthesis. This method, which involves the preheating of the silicate gel and the consequent generation in situ of MFI silicate (silicalite-1) seeds before the addition of Ti source, dramatically accelerated the crystallization of TS-1 in methylamine medium. Ti ions were readily incorporated into 1he zeolite framework as confirmed by IR and the unit cell expansion measured by XRD. In comparison, the classical seeding method achieved under identical conditions yielded Ti-free silicalite-1 crystals. The optimal crystallimty of the preheated silicate gel for the in situ seeding method was evaluated to ca. 5%; a lower amount of silicalite-1 seeds led to a slower crystallization of TS-1, while crystallinity over 5% resulted in the continuation of the seed growth, leading eventually to crystalline silicalite-1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00065-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74128135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Lutz, W. Gessner, R. Bertram, I. Pitsch, R. Fricke
{"title":"Hydrothermally resistant high-silica Y zeolites stabilized by covering with non-framework aluminum species","authors":"W. Lutz, W. Gessner, R. Bertram, I. Pitsch, R. Fricke","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00070-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00070-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrothermal stability of high-silica Y zeolites dealuminated by Al/Si substitution may be increased by alumination of the crystal surface. The externally introduced non-framework aluminum species — alkali aluminosilicates or alumina — cover the surface where the water molecules attack the terminal OH groups and energy-rich Si-O-Si bonds. An alkaline and combined acid/alkaline pathway of alumination are suggested. A reinsertion of aluminum into the zeolite lattice could not be observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 131-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00070-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83353092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence of textural modifications of an activated carbon on liquid-phase oxidation treatments","authors":"A. Gil , G. de la Puente , P. Grange","doi":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00057-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00057-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two series of samples were prepared by means of oxidation of a parent activated carbon with either HNO<sub>3</sub> or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. An important effect of the HNO<sub>3</sub> treatment temperature on the textural properties of the resulting samples was found, since below 333 K only the mesoporous region was affected, whereas at 363 K a generation of micropores and a loss of mesopores took place. The textural properties were strongly affected when reflux conditions were applied. The effect of the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> treatment concentration on the textural properties was low as compared with the effect of the HNO<sub>3</sub> treatment temperature. In both treatments, modifications on the adsorption distribution potentials obtained by the Dubinin-Astakhov formalism were observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100926,"journal":{"name":"Microporous Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":"Pages 51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0927-6513(97)00057-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74880490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}