Methods in Oceanography最新文献_第7页

A low cost, easy to build, portable, and universal autosampler for liquids 低成本，易于构建，便携，通用的液体自动进样器

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.06.001

Matheus C. Carvalho, Bradley D. Eyre

引用次数: 32

A revised sediment trap splitting procedure for samples collected in the Antarctic sea 南极海域样品沉积物捕集器分裂程序的修订

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.05.003

Francesca Chiarini , Lucilla Capotondi , Robert B. Dunbar , Federico Giglio , Irene Mammì , David A. Mucciarone , Mariangela Ravaioli , Tommaso Tesi , Leonardo Langone

引用次数: 8

Oceanic wave breaking coverage separation techniques for active and maturing whitecaps 活跃和成熟白浪的大洋破波覆盖分离技术

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.03.001

Brian Scanlon, Brian Ward

{"title":"Oceanic wave breaking coverage separation techniques for active and maturing whitecaps","authors":"Brian Scanlon, Brian Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.mio.2014.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mio.2014.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Whitecaps on the ocean surface mark localized areas where interactions between the atmosphere and ocean are enhanced. Contemporary methods of quantifying total whitecap coverage rely on converting color sea surface images into their binary equivalent<span> using specific threshold-based automated algorithms. However, there are very few studies that have separated and quantified whitecap coverage into its active (stage-A) and maturing (stage-B) evolutionary stages, which can potentially provide more suitable parameters for use in breaking wave models, air–sea gas transfer, aerosol production, and oceanic albedo<span> studies. Previous active and maturing whitecap studies have used a pixel intensity separation technique, which involves first separating the whitecap and background pixels, and subsequently establishing a second threshold to distinguish between active and maturing whitecaps. In this study, a dataset of more than 64,000 images from the North Atlantic were initially processed to determine the total whitecap coverage using the Automated Whitecap Extraction method. The whitecap pixels of each image were then distinguished as either stage-A or stage-B whitecaps by applying a spatial separation technique which does not rely solely on pixel intensity information but also on the location (relative to the wave crest), visual intensity, texture and shape of each whitecap. The comparison between the spatial separation and pixel intensity separation techniques yielded average relative errors of 34.8% and </span></span></span><span><math><mo>−</mo><mn>44.0</mn><mi>%</mi></math></span> for stage-A and -B coverage, respectively. The pixel intensity method was found to be less suitable when compared to the spatial separation method as it relies on the assumption that the pixel intensity for stage-A is always greater than that for stage-B.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100922,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Oceanography","volume":"8 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mio.2014.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82137746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Estimation of sea surface salinity in the tropical Indian Ocean by synergistic use of SMOS and RAMA buoy data 利用SMOS和RAMA浮标数据协同估算热带印度洋海面盐度

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.06.003

Satya Prakash, R.M. Gairola

引用次数: 6

Special edition: Methods in optical oceanography 特别版:光学海洋学方法

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.02.004

Steven G. Ackleson

引用次数: 0

Optical proxy for phytoplankton biomass in the absence of photophysiology: Rethinking the absorption line height 没有光生理条件下浮游植物生物量的光学代用物:对吸收线高度的重新思考

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.003

Collin S. Roesler , Andrew H. Barnard

{"title":"Optical proxy for phytoplankton biomass in the absence of photophysiology: Rethinking the absorption line height","authors":"Collin S. Roesler , Andrew H. Barnard","doi":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pigment absorption peak in the red waveband observed in phytoplankton and particulate absorption spectra is primarily associated with chlorophyll-<span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> and exhibits much lower pigment packaging compared to the blue peak. The minor contributions to the signature by accessory pigments can be largely removed by computing the line height absorption at 676 nm above a linear background between approximately 650 nm and 715 nm. The line height determination is also effective in removing the contributions to total or particulate absorption by colored dissolved organic matter and non-algal particles, and is relatively independent of the effects of biofouling. The line height absorption is shown to be significantly related to the extracted chlorophyll concentration over a large range of natural optical regimes and diverse phytoplankton cultures. Unlike the <em>in situ</em> fluorometric method for estimating chlorophyll, the absorption line height is not sensitive to incident irradiance, in particular non-photochemical quenching. The combination of the two methods provides a combination of robust phytoplankton biomass estimates, pigment based taxonomic information and a means to estimate the photosynthetic parameter, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, the irradiance at which photosynthesis transitions from light limitation to light saturation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100922,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Oceanography","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77992194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 99

Fifty years of inherent optical properties 五十年的固有光学特性

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2014.03.002

J. Ronald V. Zaneveld

引用次数: 2

The characteristics of particulate absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients in the surface ocean; Contribution of the Tara Oceans expedition 海洋表面颗粒物吸收、散射和衰减系数特征塔拉海洋探险队的贡献

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.002

Emmanuel Boss , Marc Picheral , Thomas Leeuw , Alison Chase , Eric Karsenti , Gabriel Gorsky , Lisa Taylor , Wayne Slade , Josephine Ras , Herve Claustre

{"title":"The characteristics of particulate absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients in the surface ocean; Contribution of the Tara Oceans expedition","authors":"Emmanuel Boss , Marc Picheral , Thomas Leeuw , Alison Chase , Eric Karsenti , Gabriel Gorsky , Lisa Taylor , Wayne Slade , Josephine Ras , Herve Claustre","doi":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A dataset consisting of AC-S measurements of (hyper-) spectral particulate absorption, scattering and attenuation coefficients were obtained from measurements performed on the flow-through system of the R/V Tara during its 2.5-year long expedition.</p><p>The AC-S instruments were robust, working continuously with weekly maintenance for about 3 months at a time, and provided absorption (attenuation) data for 454 (375) days, or 90% (75%) of total possible days during the expedition.</p><p>This dataset has been mapped to 1 km×1 km bins to avoid over emphasizing redundant data, and to match the spatial scale of typical ocean color satellite sensors. It consists of nearly 70,000 particulate absorption spectra and about 60,000 particulate scattering and attenuation spectra. These data are found to be consistent with chlorophyll extraction and with the published average shapes of particulate absorption and scattering spectra and bio-optical relationships. This dataset is richer than previous ones in the data from open-ocean (oligotrophic) environments making it more representative of global distributions and of utility for global algorithm development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100922,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Oceanography","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 52-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89432716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 74

Prediction of optical variability in dynamic nearshore environments 近岸动态环境中光学变率的预测

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.002

Grace Chang , Craig Jones , Michael Twardowski

{"title":"Prediction of optical variability in dynamic nearshore environments","authors":"Grace Chang , Craig Jones , Michael Twardowski","doi":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forecasting Optics REaltime in Shallow Energetic Environments (FORESEE) was developed for predictions of underwater visibility in dynamic surf zone environments. FORESEE employs key measurements of physical forcing and beam attenuation coefficient (beam c) and numerical wave and hydrodynamic models to: (1) generate predictions of energy variation, (2) relate energy characteristics to the optical property of interest, beam c, and (3) produce 24-hr forecast maps of spatially resolved visibility conditions at a site of interest. FORESEE beam c prediction performance was very good using site-specific data collected in Waimanalo, Hawaii (average root mean squared error of 0.38 m<sup>−1</sup>). Predictions of probability of object detection (P<sub><em>d</em></sub>) were on average within 75% accuracy for 2-m diver visibility. Differences between modeled and measured P<sub><em>d</em></sub> may have been affected by a phytoplankton bloom that was observed during field data collection. The addition of a growth term and a bottom-type term to the model could account for biological processes and differing bottom types in nearshore regions. Further improvements could also be made with more accurate model boundary conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100922,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Oceanography","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 63-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mio.2013.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81555694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Evaluation of scatter corrections for ac-9 absorption measurements in coastal waters 沿海水域ac-9吸收测量散射校正的评价

Methods in Oceanography Pub Date : 2013-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.001

Rüdiger Röttgers , David McKee , Sławomir B. Woźniak

{"title":"Evaluation of scatter corrections for ac-9 absorption measurements in coastal waters","authors":"Rüdiger Röttgers , David McKee , Sławomir B. Woźniak","doi":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Determinations of inherent optical properties of natural waters are fundamental in marine optical research. In </span>situ measurements of </span>light absorption are mostly obtained with an instrument that uses a reflective tube design to reduce concomitant errors induced by light scattering (ac-9, WETLabs Inc.). The remaining, generally still substantial, error is commonly corrected using one of a number of different approaches, each of which is based on a set of assumptions. Until now, the errors in these measurements have only been theoretically examined using Monte Carlo modeling Leymarie et al. (2010). The study presented here used a lab-based point source integrating cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) which avoids scattering errors. The PSICAM data were used to evaluate the absorption determination with an ac-9 in coastal waters for each of the scattering correction approaches. The results showed that the assumption of negligible absorption at wavelengths >700 nm is not valid in coastal waters and that, as a result, ac-9 measurements strongly underestimate absorption at longer wavelengths (>600 nm). An empirical relationship between uncorrected (for scattering) ac-9 measurements and the true absorption at 715 nm was included in the correction scheme; this improved the quality of ac-9 data at longer wavelengths but showed overestimation at shorter wavelengths. However, additional inclusion of a scatter correction for the ac-9 attenuation measurement resulted in a significant improvement of the proportional scatter error correction across the spectrum. Despite these innovations, variations in scattering properties can, combined with low absorption at specific wavelengths, result in relatively large percentage errors for individual measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100922,"journal":{"name":"Methods in Oceanography","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 21-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mio.2013.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90760550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55