Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments最新文献_第2页

Origins of Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms along the Texas coast 短凯伦氏菌的起源:沿德州海岸的有害藻华

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-12-16 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2417719

Kristen M. Thyng, Robert D. Hetland, Marcus T. Ogle, Xiaoqian Zhang, Fei Chen, Lisa Campbell

{"title":"Origins of Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms along the Texas coast","authors":"Kristen M. Thyng, Robert D. Hetland, Marcus T. Ogle, Xiaoqian Zhang, Fei Chen, Lisa Campbell","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2417719","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2417719","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The dinoflagellate Karenia brevis is the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) species in the Gulf of Mexico. Given that the rapid appearance of K. brevis cannot be explained by plankton growth alone, advection is likely important in bloom initiation. Forward- and backward-moving numerical surface drifters were employed in a numerical model of the Texas–Louisiana shelf to help determine the basic physical mechanisms explaining sporadic interannual occurrences of K. brevis along the Texas coastline. Results from data analysis from the area show that HAB events occur in years in which there are weaker mean downcoast, along-shore wind speeds. The drifter experiments suggest that southern waters play a role in HAB event initiation, providing an offshore source of cells at the end of summer. As winds switch from upcoast to downcoast in early fall, offshore populations of K. brevis are swept southward by wind-driven currents in years with strong downcoast winds. However, when the downshore wind is weak, shoreward Ekman transport creates a convergent flow near the coast that allows cells to concentrate and initiate a bloom.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"269-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2417719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Hydrodynamic shear removal of the nuisance stalk-forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata 水动力剪切去除讨厌的茎形成硅藻双硅藻

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-12-13 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2414386

James D. S. Cullis, John P Crimaldi, Diane M. McKnight

{"title":"Hydrodynamic shear removal of the nuisance stalk-forming diatom Didymosphenia geminata","authors":"James D. S. Cullis, John P Crimaldi, Diane M. McKnight","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2414386","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2414386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 The removal of benthic algae during periods of high flow is critical in maintaining the biodiversity of stream ecosystems. Here we determine a shear removal function for the nuisance, stalk-forming benthic diatom Didymosphenia geminata by using samples collected from Rocky Mountain streams subjected to increasing bed shear stress in a laboratory flow chamber experiment. A linear shear removal function was observed to apply over the range of the shear stress obtained in the flow chamber. The overall removal of biomass was low. Less than 25% of the biomass was removed at a shear stress similar to that which would result in widespread bed disturbance in the stream. These results support the hypothesis that physical abrasion during periods of bed disturbance, rather than simply elevated shear stress, is the primary control on the removal of benthic algae such as D. geminata that are well adapted to the high-shear environments of mountain streams. The results also indicate that the shear removal function generally decreases with increasing biomass and mat thickness, the potential consequence of a positive feedback with near-bed hydrodynamics as the mats develop in the streams. The shear removal function was also influenced by the health and condition of the mats. Greater biomass removal was observed for mats in poorer condition. These mats had higher sediment content and were collected at the end of the growing season and from sites at lower elevations.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"256-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2414386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The hydrodynamics of hovering in Antarctic krill 南极磷虾悬停的流体动力学

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-12-11 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2401713

David W. Murphy, Donald R. Webster, Jeannette Yen

{"title":"The hydrodynamics of hovering in Antarctic krill","authors":"David W. Murphy, Donald R. Webster, Jeannette Yen","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2401713","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2401713","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Negatively buoyant pelagic animals such as the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) must maintain their position in the water column through a constant downward transfer of momentum to the surrounding fluid. Antarctic krill, which operate in a low-to-intermediate Reynolds number regime, hover by beating their pleopods (or swimming legs) in a metachronal wave from back to front. The objective of this paper is to examine how hovering in Antarctic krill is facilitated by the flow produced by a metachronal stroke pattern. A high-speed tomographic particle image velocimetry system was used to measure both the flow around the pleopods and in the wake. The flow measurements and actuator disk theory were used to estimate the energy required for hovering in Antarctic krill. Lift-generating tip vortices were found on the pleopod exopodites. These vortices, as well as pleopod spacing and exopodite kinematics, integrate the design and kinematics of the appendages with the resulting flow to make the metachronal swimming system used by the krill an effective tool to generate lift for hovering. The Strouhal number (St) of most drag-based paddlers, such as the Antarctic krill, was found to fall within the range of 0.2<St<0.4. Whereas it is known that an efficiency peak for lift-based locomotion lies in this St range, it is hypothesized here that a similar efficiency peak exists for metachronal drag-based locomotion.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"240-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2401713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Hydrodynamics of intertidal oyster reefs: The influence of boundary layer flow processes on sediment and oxygen exchange 潮间带牡蛎礁的水动力学:边界层流动过程对沉积物和氧交换的影响

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-12-06 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2395266

Matthew A. Reidenbach, Peter Berg, Andrew Hume, Jennifer C. R. Hansen, Elizabeth R. Whitman

{"title":"Hydrodynamics of intertidal oyster reefs: The influence of boundary layer flow processes on sediment and oxygen exchange","authors":"Matthew A. Reidenbach, Peter Berg, Andrew Hume, Jennifer C. R. Hansen, Elizabeth R. Whitman","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2395266","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2395266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 An intertidal Crassostrea virginica oyster reef was instrumented to quantify processes affecting boundary layer flow, suspended sediment deposition and erosion, and the flux of oxygen to and from the benthos. Velocity and suspended sediment concentrations were measured at opposing sides of the reef and sediment fluxes, due to the combined effects of deposition, resuspension, and suspension feeding by the reef community, were computed from the difference between upstream and downstream suspended sediment concentrations. At the center of the reef, the flux of oxygen to and from the reef was measured using the eddy-correlation technique. While the reef was submerged, oxygen fluxes showed no significant correlation to light, and oxygen uptake increased linearly with velocity, ranging between 100 and 600 mmol m − 2d − 1. Sediment deposition to the reef also increased linearly for velocities between 0 and 10 cm s − 1, up to a maximum of 3500 g m − 2d − 1. For velocities >15 cm s − 1, sediment flux to the reef decreased as sediment resuspension occurred due to bed shear stresses that exceeded the critical threshold for erosion. At velocities >25 cm s − 1, there was net sediment erosion from the reef. Overall, during summertime and nonstorm conditions, mean oxygen uptake was 270 ± 40 mmol m − 2d − 1 and sediment deposition was 1100 ± 390 g m − 2d − 1 while the reef was submerged, indicating that oysters have a net positive effect on water clarity and that hydrodynamics exert a strong influence on benthic fluxes of oxygen and sediment to and from the reef.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"225-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2395266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

The role of hydrodynamics in structuring in situ ammonium uptake within a submerged macrophyte community 水动力学在水下大型植物群落原位铵吸收结构中的作用

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-12-04 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2397024

Edward P. Morris, Gloria Peralta, Tom Van Engeland, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Fernando G. Brun, Miguel Lara, Iris E. Hendriks, Javier Benavente, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, J. Lucas Perez-Llorens

{"title":"The role of hydrodynamics in structuring in situ ammonium uptake within a submerged macrophyte community","authors":"Edward P. Morris, Gloria Peralta, Tom Van Engeland, Tjeerd J. Bouma, Fernando G. Brun, Miguel Lara, Iris E. Hendriks, Javier Benavente, Karline Soetaert, Jack J. Middelburg, J. Lucas Perez-Llorens","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2397024","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2397024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 In low-nutrient, macrophyte-dominated coastal zones, benthic ammonium (NH4+) uptake may be influenced by the structural properties of plant canopies via their effect on near-bed hydrodynamics. Using a dual-tracer (uranine and 15NH4+) method that does not require enclosures, we examined how this process affects nutrient uptake rates within a tidally dominated, patchy Caulerpa prolifera–Cymodocea nodosa landscape. NH4+ uptake was determined by calculating tissue 15N excesses and correcting for 15N enrichment as derived from uranine concentration. Vertical hydrodynamic profiles were measured in the downstream flow direction from outside to inside of the C. nodosa bed by using an array of acoustic Doppler velocimeters. The transition from a C. prolifera to a C. nodosa bed included a change in both benthic canopy properties (short and dense to tall and sparse) and sediment topography (0.2-m increase in water column depth) that resulted in an increase in longitudinal advection and turbulent diffusivity within the C. nodosa canopy between 0.5 and 1.5 m from the leading edge. Vertical differences in canopy water exchange appeared to explain variations in uptake between biotic functional groups; however, no clear differences in longitudinal uptake were found. Using in situ labeling, this study demonstrated for the first time the role of hydrodynamics in structuring NH4+ uptake within an undisturbed, patchy macrophyte landscape.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"210-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2397024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

The role of fanning behavior in water exchange by a nest-guarding benthic fish before spawning 扇子行为在产卵前保护巢穴的底栖鱼交换水中的作用

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-11-27 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2413017

Benjamin Meunier, Blake White, Lynda D. Corkum

{"title":"The role of fanning behavior in water exchange by a nest-guarding benthic fish before spawning","authors":"Benjamin Meunier, Blake White, Lynda D. Corkum","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2413017","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2413017","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 Displacement fanning (fanning during courtship before eggs are deposited) by fish may be an indicator of parental ability. Fanning may be used for ventilation or for the dispersal of chemical messages. We used particle image velocimetry to visualize and characterize flow fields generated by courting male Neogobius melanostomus. Once flow fields were characterized, we conducted a laboratory experiment to determine if caudal and pectoral fanning behavior was modulated by the presence of a female near the nest. There were significant differences between caudal and pectoral fanning (F1,11 = 54.696, p < 0.001) as was the interaction term, fanning type x distance (F2, 22 = 9.870, p < 0.001), on water entering and leaving the nest. The presence of a single female near the nest entrance had no effect on fanning rates. The velocity of water exiting the nest induced by caudal fanning (with the tail at the nest entrance) was 6.0 ± 0.96 (mean ± SD), 5.6 ± 1.18, and 3.1 ± 1.05 mm s−1 at 5, 10, and 15 cm away from the nest opening, respectively. In contrast, the mean velocity of water entering the nest via pectoral fanning (with the head at the nest entrance) was −3.9 ± 0.69, −0.2 ± 0.45 and −0.1 ± 0.28 mm s−1 at the respective distances. Caudal fanning pushes water out of the nest and pectoral fanning pulls water into the nest. We speculate that these are specializations of locomotive structures that lead to water stirring (pectoral fins) and pumping (caudal fin) to disperse odors.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2413017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66027564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Drag coefficients for single coral colonies and related spherical objects 单个珊瑚群落和相关球形物体的阻力系数

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-11-05 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2378401

Lianna C. Samuel, Stephen G. Monismith

引用次数: 10

Spatial and temporal variation in the hydrodynamic landscape in intertidal salt marsh systems 潮间带盐沼系统水动力景观的时空变化

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-11-01 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2373360

Miranda L. Wilson, Donald R. Webster, Marc J. Weissburg

{"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in the hydrodynamic landscape in intertidal salt marsh systems","authors":"Miranda L. Wilson, Donald R. Webster, Marc J. Weissburg","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2373360","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2373360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 Despite the well-accepted role of water flow in mediating ecological processes, the spatial and temporal variation of hydrodynamic conditions experienced by organisms is largely unknown in intertidal estuarine habitats. Current ecological and hydrodynamic sampling approaches may prevent adequate assessment of these impacts by confounding spatial and temporal variation, failing to encompass adequate spatial and temporal variation in measurement and interpretation, and/or not clearly identifying appropriate turbulent flow parameters. We examined spatial and temporal variation in turbulent flow parameters using six acoustic Doppler velocimeters within and among four sites in Wassaw Sound, Georgia, USA. We also collected data across and within sites at time periods corresponding to different tidal types (i.e., neap, mean, and spring). Variation in water flow within sites was similar and highly correlated at locations up to 20 m. In contrast, spatial and temporal variation in water flow among distant sites was highly variable, had lower correlation than within-site comparisons, and exhibited high site specificity for some flow parameters. Flow parameters did not correlate with each other, suggesting that specific parameters need to be identified to correctly interpret the effect of water flow on ecological interactions. Our results suggest that ecological and hydrodynamic measurements need to occur at similar spatial and temporal scales to minimize the confounding impact of spatial and temporal variability in water flow. Further, consideration of these issues should provide a better framework in which to assess the interaction between water flow and ecological processes and help generate testable hypotheses that incorporate how these interactions vary spatially and temporally.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"156-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2373360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66026954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

A mechanistic-based framework to understand how dissolved organic carbon is processed in a large fluvial lake 一个以机械为基础的框架来理解溶解的有机碳是如何在一个大的河流湖泊中被处理的

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-10-29 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2372976

Philippe Massicotte, Jean-Jacques Frenette

{"title":"A mechanistic-based framework to understand how dissolved organic carbon is processed in a large fluvial lake","authors":"Philippe Massicotte, Jean-Jacques Frenette","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2372976","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2372976","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a fundamental role in the ecology of aquatic systems. Our current understanding of the DOC dynamic in fluvial systems, however, is mostly based on empirical observations, often derived from controlled experiments. Although such experiments provide valuable insights on how DOC is processed, they do not inform us of the underlying mechanisms involved, which limits our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of DOC in natural fluvial systems. We developed and validated a mechanistic-based model that provides a framework to understand how DOC is processed in a large fluvial lake ecosystem. Our approach relies on a simple multiple-reactor, kinetic transport system that integrates the principal processes involved in the kinetics of labile (DOCL) and semilabile (DOCSL) DOC pools. Our model reveals that during their transition along the longitudinal axis (~24 h, ~50 km), both DOC pools were utilized by bacteria and transformed differentially according to their sources. A large fraction of DOCL was preferentially used for biomass production, whereas DOCSL completed bacterial carbon demand. Based on the simulations, our results further suggest that the processing of DOCL drives the ecosystem metabolism through a priming effect on DOCSL, emphasizing the critical role of residence time on DOC biogeochemical cycling in fluvial lakes. This framework provides a theoretical basis for further development that could be adapted to take into account not only other aspects of DOC cycling but also the prevailing hydrodynamic conditions.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"139-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2372976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66026945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The shallow thermal regime of Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park 死亡谷国家公园魔鬼洞的浅层热环境

Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments Pub Date : 2013-10-21 DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2372805

Mark B. Hausner, Kevin P. Wilson, D. Bailey Gaines, Francisco Suárez, Scott W. Tyler

{"title":"The shallow thermal regime of Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park","authors":"Mark B. Hausner, Kevin P. Wilson, D. Bailey Gaines, Francisco Suárez, Scott W. Tyler","doi":"10.1215/21573689-2372805","DOIUrl":"10.1215/21573689-2372805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 Devils Hole, a fracture in the carbonate aquifer underlying the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow system, is home to the only extant population of Devils Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis). Since 1995, the population of C. diabolis has shown an unexplained decline, and a number of hypotheses have been advanced to explain this. Here, we examine the thermal regime of Devils Hole and its influence on the pupfish population. We present a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of thermal convection on the shallow shelf of Devils Hole, which provides critical habitat for C. diabolis to spawn and forage for food. Driven by meteorological data collected at Devils Hole, the model is calibrated with temperature data recorded in the summer of 2010 and validated against temperatures observed on the shallow shelf between 1999 and 2001.The shallow shelf experiences both seasonal and diel variations in water temperature, and the model results reflect these changes. A sensitivity analysis shows that the water temperatures respond to relatively small changes in the ambient air temperature (on the order of 1 °C), and a review of local climate data shows that average annual air temperatures in the Mojave Desert have increased by up to 2 °C over the past 30 years. The CFD simulations and local climate data show that climate change may be partially responsible for the observed decline in the population of C. diabolis that began in 1995.\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100878,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments","volume":"3 1","pages":"119-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1215/21573689-2372805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66026894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18