Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education最新文献_第10页

Counting Grass as a Rich Introduction to Population Estimation 数草是人口估计的丰富入门

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38156X

G. Hess, E. Keto

{"title":"Counting Grass as a Rich Introduction to Population Estimation","authors":"G. Hess, E. Keto","doi":"10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38156X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38156X","url":null,"abstract":"Undergraduate students often have trouble grasping concepts of statistical inference and sampling. The activity described here is designed to help students connect their intuition about estimating population sizes to statistical terminology and procedures, and to shed light on some of their misconceptions about sampling techniques. On the first day of an undergraduate Natural Resources Measurements course, students are given 45 minutes to estimate the number of blades of grass covering a large field using rulers and measuring tape. This simple activity is a microcosm of what students will be doing throughout the course, and it provides a basis for rich discussion of many aspects of statistical sampling and population estimation, including random and stratified sampling, variability, error, bias, and decisions about plot and sample size. The activity can also be used to highlight professional skills, such as collaboration and the need for clear communication, and begin the transformation from thinking like students to thinking like professionals. Instructors can easily vary the emphasis on particular topics, depending on course goals and serendipity during the activity. Of significant pedagogical value, this activity is referred to throughout the semester as the intuitive base for statistical concepts that might otherwise get lost in terminology and symbols, and during discussion of professional development.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86012755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

An Example Emphasizing Mass-Volume Relationships for Problem Solving in Soils. 一个强调质量-体积关系解决土壤问题的例子。

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0007N

J. Heitman, M. Vepraskas

{"title":"An Example Emphasizing Mass-Volume Relationships for Problem Solving in Soils.","authors":"J. Heitman, M. Vepraskas","doi":"10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0007N","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0007N","url":null,"abstract":"Mass-volume relationships are a useful tool emphasized for problem solving in many geo-science and engineering applications. These relationships also have useful applications in soil science. Developing soils students' ability to utilize mass-volume relationships through schematic diagrams of soil phases (i.e., air, water, and solid) can help to facilitate cross-discipline problem solving efforts encountered throughout their careers. The objective of this article is to provide an applied example emphasizing mass-volume relationships and schematic diagrams for problem solving in soils. The example is taken from a study in restoration of an organic wetland soil. Drainage of organic soils results in a reduction of horizon thickness, termed subsidence, through shrinkage, loss of buoyancy, and oxidation of organic matter. Knowing the amount of subsidence that has occurred is important in restoration efforts, but is difficult to determine from conditions post-drainage at a given site. Scientists must make use of mass-volume relationship and inference to assess the amount of subsidence that has occurred. In this example, information about post-drainage and offsite horizon thickness, bulk density, and sand content are used to develop an estimate of the amount of subsidence. General information about the site is presented followed by assumptions used to develop the solution. The problem, assumptions, and step-by-step solution are divided into parts to facilitate use as a homework example, lecture example, or group problem solving activity. Questions and discussion points are presented to encourage student development of their own solution to the problem.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81038321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case study: transgenic crop controversy in Costa Rica. 案例研究:哥斯达黎加的转基因作物争议。

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0001U

S. Hague

{"title":"Case study: transgenic crop controversy in Costa Rica.","authors":"S. Hague","doi":"10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0001U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4195/JNRLSE.2008.0001U","url":null,"abstract":"Costa Rica has rich ecological resources and has been a steady political force in turbulent Central America. Most recently, it has become a battleground between pro- and anti-genetically modified organism (GMO) political forces. This case study examines the roles of U.S.-based cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed companies, anti-GMO activists, and the Costa Rican government officials in this debate. Cotton seed companies in the United States use Costa Rica as an important counter-season seed production location. Most of the seed increases and breeding generations grown in Costa Rica contain transgenic traits. By allowing the use of these traits, Costa Rican exports to food markets in North America and Europe have been threatened and enrage those most passionate against globalization and GMOs. On the other hand, banning GMOs would end the counter-season cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) seed industry in Costa Rica, but more importantly reduce the likelihood that crops such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp), and floriculture in Costa Rica would ever contain valuable transgenic traits. The public debate, which has been ongoing for several years, has left most Costa Ricans more confused than ever with no definitive resolution in sight. Students are encouraged to form possible resolutions to the conflict and weigh the arguments and counter-arguments for transgenic plants.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76043972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grading scheme for veterinary student performance in pass-fail didactic surgery. 兽医学生外科教学及格与不及格成绩评分制度。

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38161X

F. Mann, Z. March, J. Tomlinson, E. Pope, J. Cook, C. Wagner-Mann, Hun-Young Yoon

{"title":"Grading scheme for veterinary student performance in pass-fail didactic surgery.","authors":"F. Mann, Z. March, J. Tomlinson, E. Pope, J. Cook, C. Wagner-Mann, Hun-Young Yoon","doi":"10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38161X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38161X","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective study was performed to evaluate a satisfactory/unsatisfactory (S/U) grading scheme in a didactic surgery laboratory during the first 3 years of implementation (2002-2004) and identity areas for improvement that might be adapted to this course or similar courses. Each instructor graded six students per session by assigning a descriptor of very good (G), acceptable (A), or unacceptable (U) in each of 11 assessment categories. A U in any category in one of the final two laboratories resulted in a failing grade for the course, unless the student performed acceptably in a make-up laboratory. A computerized course evaluation was used to solicit student feedback. Also, the numbers of G, A, and U grades were used to evaluate consistency of grading among instructors, to compare resident and faculty scores, and to track student progress. The return of course evaluations was low, but those available indicated favorable acceptance of S/U grading. There was little difference in assigned grades between faculty and residents, but some individual instructors seemingly graded more strictly than others. Student grades improved as the course progressed each year. No student received a final failing grade; however, two students required the make-up laboratory. Efforts to improve subjective grading should include planned acquisition of student feedback and establishment of more consistency of grading. While objective criteria may not be enough to adequately assess overall performance in didactic surgery laboratories, consistency of subjective evaluation requires adherence to well-defined assessment criteria.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88432530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Re‐Examining the Relationship between Tillage Regime and Global Climate Change 重新审视耕作制度与全球气候变化的关系

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0001SE

Sarah K. Hammons

{"title":"Re‐Examining the Relationship between Tillage Regime and Global Climate Change","authors":"Sarah K. Hammons","doi":"10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0001SE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0001SE","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are a major contributor to global climate change and that reducing our emissions will stem its acceleration (Baker et al., 2007). Aside from emission reductions, another method for stemming global climate change is to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere by storing them elsewhere. As the largest carbon pool within terrestrial ecosystems, the soil is thought to have considerable potential to sequester carbon. Changes in land-use and management have been proposed to sequester atmospheric CO 2 , particularly converting conventional plowing to conservation tillage, especially no-tillage (Lal, 2004). Businesses are currently allowed to purchase carbon credits for emission reductions through agricultural activities, such as soil carbon sequestration from switching to no-tillage. However, emerging research calls into question the validity of these carbon credits. This paper focuses on the potential role of no-till management in relation to global climate change by specifically examining the use of no-till as a way to sequester atmospheric CO 2 in the world's soils and to combat the predicted effects of global climate change on the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74650837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Collaborative Graduate Education across Multiple Campuses 跨多校区的协同研究生教育

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2134/jnrlse2009.38116x

J. R. Thompson, G. R. Hess, T. A. Bowman, H. Magnusdottir, C. E. Stubbs-Gipson, M. Groom, J. R. Miller, T. A. Steelman, D. L. Stokes

{"title":"Collaborative Graduate Education across Multiple Campuses","authors":"J. R. Thompson, G. R. Hess, T. A. Bowman, H. Magnusdottir, C. E. Stubbs-Gipson, M. Groom, J. R. Miller, T. A. Steelman, D. L. Stokes","doi":"10.2134/jnrlse2009.38116x","DOIUrl":"10.2134/jnrlse2009.38116x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multi-institutional approaches to graduate education continue to emerge as a way to better prepare students for collaborative work. In this article, we describe a graduate course designed to investigate application of conservation biology principles by local land use planners. “Where is Conservation Science in Local Planning?” was offered jointly by three institutions and integrated inquiry-guided, collaborative, and computer-mediated learning. Participants collaborated across universities to investigate this question and create products based on their work, including a presentation and two peer-reviewed manuscripts. We used a wiki for brainstorming and collaborative writing, a virtual classroom for work meetings, and video conferencing for building community and making complex decisions. Pre- and post-course questionnaires were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the course for improving skills in collaboration, use of collaborative technologies, and subject-area knowledge. Student development mirrored those areas where learning was required to consistently support class-wide activities. Students reported that they gained knowledge about collaboration, increased their mastery of communication skills and use of collaborative technologies, and gained knowledge about course subject matter. Students did not indicate significant changes in knowledge or activities related to leadership. Participants gained a fuller understanding of the benefits—collective creativity and enhanced accountability—and drawbacks—time required to build relationships and engage in deliberation—of collaborative research. Faculty participants suggest that future offerings continue to follow an inquiry-guided, collaborative learning approach using similar collaborative technologies, but include more explicit guidance about leadership and attempt to generate a smaller number of products.</p>","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/jnrlse2009.38116x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75073623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Student Participation in Ecological Research: Preliminary Insights from Students' Experiences in the Smoky Mountains. 学生参与生态研究:从学生在烟山的经历中看出来的初步见解。

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0005K

L. Pacifici, Craig A. Miller, N. Thomson

引用次数: 0

Raptor Electrocution: A Case Study on Ecological Traps, Sinks, and Additive Mortality 猛禽触电:生态陷阱、汇和附加死亡率的案例研究

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0002U

J. F. Dwyer

{"title":"Raptor Electrocution: A Case Study on Ecological Traps, Sinks, and Additive Mortality","authors":"J. F. Dwyer","doi":"10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0002U","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4195/JNRLSE.2009.0002U","url":null,"abstract":"The recovery from human persecution of some upper trophic level wildlife species coupled with ongoing expansion of human-dominated landscapes is leading to increased human-wildlife interactions in urban environments. Raptors in particular are drawn to high resource concentrations of potential nest sites and prey, and are colonizing cities across North America. These birds are encountering novel and sometimes dangerous situations such as exposed overhead electric systems, which can operate as ecological traps, create population sinks, and lead to additive mortality. Ecological traps occur when the cues animals use to evaluate habitat quality are decoupled from the true quality of the environment. Sinks occur in areas where mortality exceeds productivity. Additive mortality can occur when mortality factors that are not density dependent continue to operate proportionally as numbers decrease. Herein, I use the situation of Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) colonizing Tucson, AZ, to illustrate these concepts to students in an introductory college ecology course. The case is deliberately loaded with the terminology of ecology, and is intended to be delivered early in the course so that as students explore the case and the vocabulary, their questions probe related material. Student inter- est and questions thus dictate the order of content delivery as students realize and seek to expand the boundaries of their knowledge. Ecology is rarely one-sided and multiple competing hypotheses should be encouraged to facilitate student transitions to higher level modes of thinking. Together, these approaches will increase student interest in detailed cover- age of the typical curriculum of an introductory ecology course.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A Novel Experimental Design for Examining Bryophyte Response to Increased Ultraviolet Radiation 研究苔藓植物对增加紫外线辐射响应的新实验设计

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2134/jnrlse2009.38127x

Linda Fuselier*, Nicole True

{"title":"A Novel Experimental Design for Examining Bryophyte Response to Increased Ultraviolet Radiation","authors":"Linda Fuselier*, Nicole True","doi":"10.2134/jnrlse2009.38127x","DOIUrl":"10.2134/jnrlse2009.38127x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bryophytes were among the earliest colonizers of terrestrial environs, and despite their interesting life histories and population dynamics, they are rarely used in undergraduate introductory biology labs. In an inquiry-based laboratory exercise for introductory biology, students implement a controlled experiment to investigate effects of increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure on liverwort gemmae. The exercise integrates impacts of climate change on plant populations with experimental design and liverwort ecology. It uses a readily available and easily propagated thallose liverwort. Liverworts reproduce both sexually and asexually, but asexual reproduction is imperative for population persistence. In the laboratory exercise, students explore how the environment impacts colonization of asexual propagules using a novel design that underlines the importance of randomization and introduces basic statistical techniques. The experiment can be completed in two, 2-hour laboratory periods and concepts and techniques are transferrable to a variety of learning environments. After the first implementation of this laboratory exercise, the majority of students agreed that they learned more about bryophytes, experimental methods, and reporting statistics in lab reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2134/jnrlse2009.38127x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88515101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Implementing Case Studies in a Plant Pathology Course: Impact on Student Learning and Engagement 在植物病理学课程中实施个案研究:对学生学习和参与的影响

Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38150X

Aman Yadav, J. Beckerman

{"title":"Implementing Case Studies in a Plant Pathology Course: Impact on Student Learning and Engagement","authors":"Aman Yadav, J. Beckerman","doi":"10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38150X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2134/JNRLSE2009.38150X","url":null,"abstract":"Case studies have been used in undergraduate science education as a way to develop students' critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, little empirical evidence exists on whether this teaching method is having the desired impact on students in plant pathology courses. This study evaluated the influence of the case teaching method on students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills in an undergraduate plant pathology course. Specifically, the course utilized both traditional lecture-based teaching as well as case study methodology. Students completed a problem-solving test that gave them four problem scenarios similar to two that were taught by lecture and two that were taught by case studies and examined students' ability to critically think and problem solve. We also investigated students' attitudes and feelings toward the case study approach assessed via a 22-item Likert-scale survey. A paired sample t-test comparing the lecture vs. case study method suggested that the case study approach was more beneficial in helping students develop applied problem-solving skills. The survey results demonstrated that students had more positive attitudes toward the case study teaching approach. For the applied plant science students, the diagnosis of plant health problems is one of the most difficult skills to develop. The results from this study indicate that case studies helped students develop critical thinking skills required to diagnose plant health problems while actively engaging them in the course content.","PeriodicalId":100810,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77322411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25