Journal of Ionic Liquids最新文献

{"title":"Fuel desulfurization using ionic liquids –An updated review","authors":"Abdurrashid Haruna ,&nbsp;Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican ,&nbsp;Ali Khatib Juma ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Sani Aliero ,&nbsp;Bernard Chukwuemeka Ekeoma ,&nbsp;Mustapha Abdullahi ,&nbsp;Madina Imam ,&nbsp;Safiya Abdulsalam ,&nbsp;Sa’adatu Auwal Hamza","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and human safety has become an important subject of research interest in petroleum chemistry and environmental catalysis. The presence of sulfur-containing compounds in fuel oil is an overwhelming problem in the petrochemical industries due to regulations for environmental protection. The emitted toxic gases from the combustion of fossil fuels result in air contamination that can damage the human respiratory system, cause acid rain, and negatively affect refinery equipment. Therefore, fuel desulfurization becomes necessary to remove sulfur and its derivatives from fuel oil. Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) have been identified as good candidates for many industrial applications. They are widely known for their potential as designer solvents due to fascinating properties such as low volatility, high tunability, and high thermal stability. However, their general environmental impact varies significantly depending on their specific chemical compositions with some ILs exhibiting toxicity or poor biodegradability. The present study comprehensively reviews the recent achievements and applications of ILs in fuel oil desulfurization, addressing the mechanisms of the conversion process. The practicality and reusability of ILs for fuel oil desulfurization have been reported, and finally, the conclusion and future research prospects in this exciting area have been suggested. This review is anticipated to provide insights into fuel refinement and purification technologies through the sustainable application of ILs for clean fuel generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, pyrolysis and thermokinetic studies of an energetic ionic liquid: 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate","authors":"Santhosh G ,&nbsp;Supriya N ,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi K. P ,&nbsp;Deepthi Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energetic ionic liquids (EILs) are continuously being explored in the field of energetic materials and are attractive candidates for use in explosives and propellants. A promising energetic ionic liquid viz., 4-amino-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate (AMTN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, elemental, TG, LC-MS and ESI-MS analyses. The thermal decomposition of AMTN was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under variable heating rates from 5 to 20 °C/min. The TG data of AMTN showed a single stage decomposition in the temperature range of 180–260 °C. Pyrolysis GC–MS studies were undertaken at 300 °C and the major decomposition fragments were identified as nitrous oxide (N₂O), aziridine 1-amine, 1,2,3-triazine and 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole and a mechanism was evolved. The activation energy (E_a) for the thermal decomposition of AMTN was evaluated using Kissinger method and is found to be 126.6 ± 14.1 kJ/mol. Kinetic analyses using isoconversional method of Vyazovkin, showed a strong dependence of E_a on fractional conversion (α).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anion-dependent extraction mechanisms of dibenzothiophene in ionic liquids: DFT insights into molecular interactions for enhanced desulfurization","authors":"Arnaldo Alvarez ,&nbsp;Jorge Enrique Lopez Galan","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of sulfur-containing compounds, such as dibenzothiophene DBT, from petroleum-derived fuels remains a critical challenge due to the limitations of conventional hydrodesulfurization methods. Ionic liquids have emerged as promising solvents for sustainable extraction, yet the molecular mechanisms governing their selectivity remain underexplored. This study investigates four imidazolium-based ILs ([C₄mim][C₈H₁₇SO₄], [C₄mim][OTf], [C₄mim][Cl], and [C₄mim][PF₆]) to unravel the role of anion chemistry in DBT extraction. Through DFT analyses, It was identify hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, Van der Waals interactions and anion polarization as key enthalpic drivers. However, experimental extraction efficiencies ([C₄mim][C₈H₁₇SO₄] &gt; [C₄mim][OTf] &gt; [C₄mim][Cl] &gt; [C₄mim][PF₆]) deviate from DFT-predicted interaction energies, which is attributed to the influence of entropic effects and dynamic phase-separation processes. Notably, [C₄mim][C₈H₁₇SO₄]’s superior performance stems from its balanced hydrophobicity, numerous Van der Waals interactions and synergistic hydrogen bonding. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating molecular-scale simulations with macroscopic phase-behavior analyses to advance IL design for fuel purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the thermodynamic properties and nanostructuration of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate series","authors":"Rodrigo M.A. Silva ,&nbsp;Ana I.M.C. Lobo Ferreira ,&nbsp;Luís M.N.B.F. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The volatility, heat capacity, and thermal behavior were used to explore the effect of alkyl size and anion nature in the thermodynamic properties of ionic liquids (ILs) by measuring the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate series ([C<em>_n</em>C₁im][OTf], with <em>n</em> = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). The volatility of the ILs, assessed through the Knudsen effusion method coupled with quartz crystal microbalance (KEQCM), indicates that molar enthalpy and entropy of vaporization present a <em>quasi</em>-linear dependence with the alkyl chain length, while the molar Gibbs energy of vaporization is nearly constant until <em>n</em> = 6 and increases with alkyl chain length for <em>n</em> &gt; 6. The [C<em>_n</em>C₁im][OTf] series was found to be less volatile than the [C<em>_n</em>C₁im][NTf₂] series. Their phase behavior was studied by means of DSC and a non-monotonous trend was found for the melting point, as well as for the standard molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion, along the number of carbon atoms on the alkyl side chain of the cation. The typical trendshift associated with the intensification of the nanostructuration of the ILs was clearly observed in the volumetric heat capacity, where it reaches a minimum at <em>n</em> ≈ 6 and becomes nearly constant for ILs with a longer alkyl chain. The high resolution and accurate measurement of thermodynamic properties can be used as a robust strategy for the analysis and interpretation of nanostructuration in the liquid phase, which is essential for the tuning of properties/functionalities, as well as for the deep molecular understanding of the ionic fluid behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient and economical three-component synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]thiazol derivatives using deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Fatemeh Mohammad ,&nbsp;Najmedin Azizi ,&nbsp;Zohreh Mirjafari ,&nbsp;Javad Mokhtari","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a promising class of ionic liquids, have emerged as versatile and sustainable media for organic synthesis due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this study, we report an efficient and practical one-pot, three-component protocol for the synthesis of substituted pyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles using aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and thiazolidinediones in DES. The methodology offers several advantages, including operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, shorter reaction times, and good to excellent yields. Importantly, the DES serves both as a solvent and a catalyst, providing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods. Furthermore, the DES system demonstrates excellent recyclability, maintaining its catalytic performance and product yields over seven consecutive cycles. This approach highlights the potential of DESs as green media for the development of sustainable synthetic transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cetyl pyridinium chloride-amino acid-based ionic liquids: Synthesis, characterization, and physicochemical properties by FT-IR, UV–visible, density, conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle studies","authors":"Rohit Kumar Dev ,&nbsp;Shiv Narayan Yadav ,&nbsp;Pawan Shah ,&nbsp;Nisha Magar ,&nbsp;Srijana Ghimire ,&nbsp;Mahima Koirala ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Sujit Kumar Shah ,&nbsp;Ramesh L. Gardas ,&nbsp;Ajaya Bhattarai","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining much attention because of their many special properties, including highly solvating, tunable, non-flammable, and reusable extractants. In the current study, a novel set of room-temperature ILs based on the active compound Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride - Amino Acid ([CetPyl] [AA]) where ionic liquids have been successfully synthesized and characterized by both spectral (FT-IR and UV-visible), and physiochemical (density, surface tension, contact angle, molar free energy, conductivity, viscosity, and pH) properties. The structure of both organic and inorganic compounds is analyzed by FT-IR and UV-visible spectra of pure Al-ILs, Me-ILs, and Val-ILs showed strong absorbance peaks at 215 nm, 270 nm, and 270 nm, respectively. The alanine anion (Al^-) has the highest hydrogen bond-accepting character due to its unhindered carboxylate group, making it more accessible for hydrogen bonding. The conductivity of Al-ILs increases from 17.46 mS/cm at 298.15 K to 50.90 mS/cm at 343.15 K, representing an almost threefold increase. Similarly, Me-ILs and Val-ILs show significant increases in conductivity over the same temperature range. The conductivity order (Al-ILs &gt; Val-ILs &gt; Me-ILs) is consistent with the structural differences in the amino acids. Val-ILs have the highest viscosity (9.976 Ns/m²) among the three. The trend in viscosity is: Al-ILs &lt; Me-ILs &lt; Val-ILs. The pH of Al-ILs, Me-ILs, and Val-ILs decreases with increasing temperature, reflecting differences in their structural and chemical behavior. Al-ILs exhibited the most stable pH. Me-ILs showed significant pH sensitivity, while Val-ILs showed a unique non-monotonic trend of variation, suggesting complex interactions at higher temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Notice to “Reactivity, Stability, and Thermodynamics of para-methylpyridinium-based ionic liquids: Insight from DFT, NCI, and QTAIM” [Journal of Ionic Liquids 2 (2022) 100030]","authors":"Ededet A. Eno ,&nbsp;Hitler Louis ,&nbsp;Tomsmith O. Unimuke ,&nbsp;Terkumbur E. Gber ,&nbsp;Idongesit J. Mbonu ,&nbsp;Chinwendu J. Ndubisi ,&nbsp;Stephen A. Adalikwu","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier policy on article withdrawal (<span><span>https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div><div>This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors of Journal of Ionic Liquids.</div><div>After publication, concerns were raised about inconsistent nomenclature throughout and differences between the proposed structures of the ionic liquids in Figure 1 and the computational results depicted in Figure 3. The Editors requested an explanation from the authors and that the underlying data be made available for further review; the authors did provide some data but were not able to satisfactorily reconcile the differences between the structures discussed in the text and those shown in Figure 3. The Editor has lost confidence in the results and conclusions presented in this Article. The authors agree with this retraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the adsorption behavior of N-octyl pyridinium ionic liquids on graphene: Insights into reactivity and stability","authors":"Kayim Pineda-Urbina ,&nbsp;Gururaj Kudur Jayaprakash ,&nbsp;Roberto Flores-Moreno ,&nbsp;Ulises G. Reyes-Leaño ,&nbsp;Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval ,&nbsp;José Manuel Flores-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Henry Nicole González-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Bhavana Rikhari","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) are used in this work to examine the adsorption and interaction mechanisms of the N-octyl pyridinium cation (OP) on graphene. According to the adsorption energy analysis, the most stable configuration (<span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>73</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>kcal/mol</mtext></mrow></math></span>) with a Boltzmann probability greater than 99% is the G-OP-1 configuration, which is defined by a planar alignment of the alkyl chain with the graphene surface. In comparison to the isolated components, the G-OP-1 complex’s HOMO-LUMO energy gap (<span><math><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>23</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>kcal/mol</mtext></mrow></math></span>) was considerably smaller, suggesting improved reactivity and effective electron transmission. While QTAIM showed 12 bond critical points (BCPs) compatible with weak electrostatic interactions sustained by van der Waals forces, Fukui function analysis discovered complimentary nucleophilic and electrophilic areas. These results highlight the potential of OP-functionalized graphene for use in electrochemical sensing and catalysis, laying the groundwork for the development of cutting-edge materials for environmental monitoring and energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of phosphonium ionic liquids exhibiting strong fluorescence in various solvents and liquid or glassy state","authors":"David King ,&nbsp;Yan P. Arnaiz ,&nbsp;Hari D. Mandal ,&nbsp;Haesook Han ,&nbsp;Pradip K. Bhowmik","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid fluorescent ILs (LFILs) are rare materials that exhibit strong photoluminescent properties in the pure liquid state without the need for a solvent. While ILs are known for their optical properties in solution, fluorescence in the pure liquid state is typically weak or absent due to quenching phenomena. LFILs are extremely scarce in the literature, and only a few have been reported with absolute quantum yield (AQY) values to assess their fluorescence efficiency in the pure liquid state. A series of phosphonium ILs (PILs), containing fluorescent 5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthalenesulfonate (DNS^-) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS^-), were synthesized as potential soft photoluminescent materials in solution and neat liquid state in very good to excellent yields. Additionally, mono and diphosphonium chloride ILs were prepared via an improved workup process to afford ILs with high purity (&gt;99 %) compared to traditional methods. All fluorescent PILs possessed high thermal stabilities (<em>T</em>_d = 332–383 °C) as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms for the PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS revealed that all of them were ILs, with most being RTILs and the triphenylphosphonium containing PILs existing as glassy ILs (<em>T</em>_g = 21.13 and 30.13 °C) at room temperature. Their photoluminescent properties in the solution state were studied in various organic solvents, with the PILs-DNS possessing AQY values upwards of 0.95 in solution and [P_666,10]DNS exhibited an impressively high AQY of 0.35 in the liquid state. The PILs-AQS did not possess strong photoluminescent properties in solution and no fluorescence in the liquid or glassy state. The PILs-DNS and PILs-AQS demonstrated excellent photostability, exhibiting no significant photobleaching. Study of these novel PILs containing anionic fluorophores is necessary to contribute towards the scarcity of LFILs and offer prospects in a wide range of fields, including chemical/physical sensing, optoelectronics, and biological imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the ionic liquid cholinium L-alaninate as a promising biofilm control in clinically relevant bacteria","authors":"AF Chávez-Almanza ,&nbsp;CA Díaz-Quiroz ,&nbsp;G Ulloa-Mercado ,&nbsp;AA Verdugo-Fuentes ,&nbsp;JF Hernández-Chávez ,&nbsp;J López-Cervantes ,&nbsp;CB Vega-Millán ,&nbsp;P Gortáres-Moroyoqui ,&nbsp;C García-Gómez ,&nbsp;MS Álvarez-Álvarez ,&nbsp;J Rojas-Padilla ,&nbsp;FJ Rivera-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jil.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathogenic biofilms pose a significant clinical challenge owing to their extreme antibiotic resistance. Multiple strategies, including ionic liquids (ILs), have been explored to inhibit or eradicate biofilms. Among them, choline and amino acid based ionic liquids are of interest due to their biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. This study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of the ionic liquid cholinium alaninate against planktonic cultures and biofilms of <em>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for planktonic cells using growth curve analysis. The inhibition and eradication of biofilm were assessed in microplates through stains to quantify total and viable cells. Treatments with different concentrations of ionic liquid were compared to controls. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.3 % w/v cholinium alaninate was determined, with inhibition in the order <em>E. coli</em> &lt;<em>P. aeruginosa</em> &lt;<em>S. aureus</em>. For biofilms, a 0.9 % w/v treatment inhibited &gt;95 % of biofilm growth. The sub-inhibitory treatment of 1.3 % w/v resulted in the removal of ≈92 % of biomass for all Gram-negative strains, while ≈85 % eradication was achieved for <em>S. aureus</em>. Approximately 3 % of Gram-negative bacteria and 5 % of <em>S. aureus</em> were metabolically active. Significant differences were observed for all treatments on biofilm (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with the greatest effects on Gram-negative bacteria. The IL cholinium ʟ-alaninate ([Cho][Ala]) effectively prevented biofilm formation and eradicated preformed biofilms. We recommend investigating multidrug resistant pathogens and surfaces that exhibit enhanced adherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100794,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ionic Liquids","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}