Journal of Economic Criminology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring relation fraud, murder,and the Fraud Triangle","authors":"James W. Marquart ,&nbsp;R. Alan Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the dynamics of relation fraud resulting in the murder of a grandparent by her grandson. While such instances are admittedly rare as forms of both murder and fraud more generally, this unique case nonetheless demonstrates that relation fraud resulting in murder is a significant problem worthy of further systematic empirical examination. In particular, Cressey’s Fraud Triangle is applied through a process of inductive analytic reasoning to explain the motivations of a grandson who defrauded and then killed his grandmother for her estate money in order to pay off escort debts and make plans for a new financial start post-murder. The paper contributes to the use of fraud typologies, relation fraud, the Fraud Triangle, elder crime victimology, and the use of analytic induction in theory development and refinement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000137/pdfft?md5=0dfc57f8eab3a17e1503327e9e80a4f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal deterrence: The effect of illicit incentive on robbery escalation","authors":"Christopher E. Torres ,&nbsp;Stewart J. D’Alessio ,&nbsp;Lisa Stolzenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extant literature on marginal deterrence supports the notion that individuals maintain a dynamic decision-making process that yields several ranked outcomes after weighing the risks and rewards. In this article, we conduct a novel large-scale empirical analysis of the marginal deterrence principle to advance theory on the magnitude of potential deterrent effects. We regress a stratified outcome variable representative of six decision outcomes for the crime of robbery on a unique exogenous illicit incentive measure. We employ a multilevel ordinal regression equation that nests 29,297 robbery incidents within 98 cities to test the marginal deterrence thesis. Our analysis yields a statistically significant positive relationship with our criminogenic incentive measure. More specifically, the model provides suggestive evidence that as the illicit incentive increases the odds of violence escalating in a robbery incident also increases. The results from this analysis provides theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for attenuating societal harm. Moreover, we expand on how to measure the scaling severity of harm within the criminal decision-making process. From a policy perspective, we provide support for harm indices and crime prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000149/pdfft?md5=3336b1a813ca211a69842ad59b88c7d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous measures for stifling corruption within selected agricultural and food development projects in Benue State, North Central, Nigeria","authors":"Esther Enuwa Abah ,&nbsp;Clement Owoicho Momoh ,&nbsp;Samuel Olushola Fadairo","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the increasing cases of failed agricultural intervention projects in Benue State, as a result of corruption and sharp practices, this study was carried out to investigate the effect of endogenous measures used for stifling corruption within selected agricultural intervention projects in Benue State, North Central, Nigeria. key players' attitudes toward stifling corruption were also studied. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Benue State populace, but regrettably, this sector has deteriorated, and it is barely an agent of development and empowerment because of the effect of corruption on it. A preliminary survey was carried out to identify and ascertain the existence of endogenous measures employed in stifling corruption in the three local government zones (A, B, and C) of Benue State. Consequently, zone ‘C’ was randomly selected. A total of 129 respondents from all of the selected agricultural intervention projects in the zone were used. Focus Group Discussions (FGD), In-depth interviews (IDIs) with key players, and structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The dimension of sharp practices in the selected agricultural development projects was more pronounced in allocating agricultural supplies to the farmers and less pronounced in bribery, influence peddling, pricing, and duty abandonment. FGD and IDIs with key players revealed that <em>Ekaa</em> or <em>Okpa</em> (oath taking), <em>Aolode</em> (local vigilante), <em>Echi</em> (protective charms), public denouncement, tying of palm frond leaves, <em>Enumajeje</em> (<em>Mucuna pruriens</em>), withdrawal of project from the community, and <em>Onyonkpo</em> (village cult) were the endogenous measures deployed to stifle corruption in the selected agricultural development projects. These various endogenous measures deployed by some key players of the selected agricultural development projects to curb sharp practices significantly prevented intended culprits from indulging in deviant behavior for fear of its instant judgment on culprits. It is recommended based on the findings that endogenous measures should be encouraged to complement the government's efforts and the crude aspects of the measures conflicting with natural justice should be ejected.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000125/pdfft?md5=474905b3523e7884647be25474a0868c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000125-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140187903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deferred prosecution agreements as miscarriage of justice: An exploratory study of corporate convenience","authors":"Petter Gottschalk","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deferred prosecution agreements and similar arrangements are practiced in many countries when there is suspicion of corporate crime. It is an agreement based on a negotiation that permits the allegedly guilty party not to undergo a criminal trial if they avoid committing further wrongdoing for a specified period of time. This article reviews such agreements in light of two different situations where the corporation is actually guilty and where the corporation is actually not guilty. An innocent company signing such an agreement suffers from miscarriage of justice. A guilty company on the other hand can restore the convenience of committing corporate crime. This article argues that deferred prosecution agreements violate basic principles of justice. The research suggests that serious fraud offices and other public bodies need to be restored to enable complete criminal prosecution when there are suspicions of corporate wrongdoing. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the underlying problem is law enforcement incompetence at investigating and prosecuting corporate crime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000113/pdfft?md5=3c95b56b23c9e83e482ccfa48f625f7d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000113-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the organisation of ivorian cyberfraudsters: Criminal networks or organised crime?","authors":"Cristina Cretu-Adatte ,&nbsp;Josselin Wilfred Azi ,&nbsp;Olivier Beaudet-Labrecque ,&nbsp;Hazel Bunning ,&nbsp;Luca Brunoni ,&nbsp;Renaud Zbinden","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article delves into the organisation of Ivorian cyberfraudsters, known as “brouteurs”, who engage in romance scams and sextorsion, and it questions the various structures through which these fraudsters operate. The study's findings are based on data collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with cyber-fraudsters in Abidjan during a two-month field trip. The statements made by the brouteurs were analysed using thematic content analysis, which highlighted various roles and activities undertaken assumed by different individuals within these groups. A relatively clear trend emerges regarding the structure of these groups and the social connections within their organisation. It is possible to distinguish between sextorsion and romance scam groups, on one hand non-hierarchical and more fluid and opportunistic, on the other hierarchical, with defined roles and activities, engaged in other serious offenses. Both have international connections, may them be accomplices, money mules, underground bankers or corrupt public agents. While brouteurs acknowledge that \"Everyone is part of a network.\", these first results show different forms of organisation of cybercriminal Ivorian groups. The question which follows is whether these groups constitute cybercriminal networks or organised cybercrime. Future research in this direction, such as the development of crime scripts, can help institutions take effective measures to combat the transnationalisation of cyberfraud.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000083/pdfft?md5=23b619a90aa746c88c7b570202aff040&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmasking the oligarchs – Using open source data to detect sanctions violations","authors":"Jonas Montenarh,&nbsp;Simon Marsden","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led Western governments to impose extensive sanctions on the Russian economy and the people who maintain the regime - the so-called oligarchs. The enforcement of these sanctions and the manoeuvres of these oligarchs to evade them have created new challenges for the authorities, industry and society at large. This study aims to unmask sanctioned oligarchs who are beneficial owners of companies in the UK. The approach is based on the assumption that the actions of oligarchs leave detectable traces in the UK company register. Inspired by simple tools developed by volunteers for citizens doing their own intelligence work, software has been developed to achieve three different research objectives: to develop indicators of sanctions evasion, to demonstrate that it is possible to do useful intelligence work using only the resources available to the average citizen, and to develop a software tool to identify officers in the UK company register who are suspected of being linked to sanctioned oligarchs. The findings underscore the importance of open source investigations, reflecting a burgeoning intelligence phenomenon introduced as ‘citizen intelligence’, which has the potential to enhance the protection of society by building a more democratic and diverse intelligence community. This study opens the door for further research into the actions and tactics of sanctioned individuals, providing insights to protect global financial integrity and security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000071/pdfft?md5=9e4135cf32fe0f870325f1ca1e5fe76d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“What action should l take?”: Help-seeking behaviours of those targeted by romance fraud","authors":"Wesley Meikle,&nbsp;Cassandra Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fraud uses deception to obtain a financial reward from its victim. There are strong negative stereotypes and victim blaming discourses towards fraud victims, with research indicating that fraud victims are unlikely to report incidents for many reasons, including a high degree of shame and stigmatisation. In this way, it can be assumed that fraud victims are averse to seeking help in the aftermath of an incident. Drawing from romance fraud reports lodged with Scamwatch (an Australian online reporting portal for fraud) between 1 July 2018 and 31 July 2019, this article examines the help-seeking behaviours of those targeted by romance fraud. The analysis found a variety of explicit and implicit help-seeking behaviours, encompassing both personal justice and altruistic reasons. The analysis demonstrates that despite the victim blaming that exists, this did not always act as a barrier to reporting or requesting help. Overall, this article challenges some of the perceived aversity to help-seeking behaviour of fraud victims. It also provides a foundation for improving responses and support to those who actively engage in help-seeking behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294979142400006X/pdfft?md5=70374c55f0985a721919e0d111fc8d96&pid=1-s2.0-S294979142400006X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139832748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The victimology of online fraud: A focus on romance fraud victimisation","authors":"Jacqueline M. Drew,&nbsp;Julianne Webster","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Across the world each year millions of people are victimised by online crime, many of whom fall victim to online fraud. One of the most enduring and prolific types of online fraud is romance fraud. Romance fraud often leads to financial and psychological devastation of those who are victimised. The study explores the experiences of 13 romance fraud victims through their own narratives. Through victim voices, we discuss psychological vulnerabilities and victim journeys, from initial contact with offenders to cessation. We seek to better understand the psychological experience of this type of victimisation. The current research is strongly motivated by the need to translate research on romance fraud victimology into practical and actionable strategies. We draw important conclusions about how to better educate potential victims on avoiding victimisation. The research provides a basis on which to develop better guidance for law enforcement and other key stakeholders who might play a role in romance fraud prevention. We discuss how to disrupt romance fraud offending using a victim-centric approach and recommend improved supports for victims.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000058/pdfft?md5=2e6ccffb7601e1d7f87dd795fb19b0cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the Organisation of Ivorian Cyberfraudsters: Criminal Networks or Organised Crime?","authors":"Cristina Cretu-Adatte, J. W. Azi, O. Beaudet-Labrecque, Hazel Bunning, L. Brunoni, Renaud Zbinden","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139875948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“What action should l take?”: Help-seeking behaviours of those targeted by romance fraud","authors":"Wesley Meikle, Cassandra Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139892509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}