{"title":"How does tax avoidance affect corporate social responsibility and financial ratio in emerging economies?","authors":"Jamel Eddine Mkadmi , Wissem Ben Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship between financial ratios and tax avoidance in businesses that practice corporate social responsibility. Using a sample of 30 Tunisian financial institutions listed on the stock exchange from 2016 to 2022, we find that engaging in corporate social responsibility activities discourages tax avoidance behavior, particularly in businesses that actively participate in corporate social responsibility activities.</p><p>In terms of financial metrics, we see that businesses with higher levels of rentability, cash flow, and sales growth are more likely to engage in tax avoidance. But, businesses with high liquidity are less likely to abandon tax avoidance.</p><p>Based on the findings of this study, tax authorities may be able to predict whether a Tunisian company will engage in tax avoidance in the future by looking at its financial statistics. Furthermore, tax authorities may use corporate social responsibility activities to encourage businesses to pay taxes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000228/pdfft?md5=dda9e29fd9d25d23694be7342e8a255d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julien Chopin , Lucas Tosi Rodriguez , Stefano Caneppele
{"title":"Defining and estimating the illegal gambling market: A scoping review","authors":"Julien Chopin , Lucas Tosi Rodriguez , Stefano Caneppele","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This scoping review systematically examines the definitions, challenges, and methodologies for estimating the illegal gambling market, spanning literature from 2000 to 2023. Given the clandestine nature of illegal gambling and its significant economic and social implications, understanding its scope and scale is paramount for effective policy formulation and enforcement. Through a methodical analysis of 31 selected studies, this review highlights the complexity of defining illegal gambling activities, underscored by legal, cultural, and regulatory disparities across jurisdictions. Challenges identified include consumer protection, fraud, organized crime, economic and financial impacts, and regulatory obstacles. The review distinguishes between bottom-up and top-down estimation methodologies, revealing their respective strengths and limitations in capturing the nuances of the illegal gambling market. The juxtaposition of these methodologies suggests a need for a combined approach to achieve a more comprehensive and accurate estimation. This study emphasises the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, methodological innovation, and international cooperation in addressing the challenges posed by illegal gambling markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000204/pdfft?md5=a8412f459956c3920334fbb10064671f&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141240033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deconstructing a form of hybrid investment fraud: Examining ‘pig butchering’ in the United States","authors":"Marie-Helen Maras , Emily R. Ives","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyber-enabled fraud has transformed, becoming more complex and making it harder for targets and law enforcement to detect its occurrence. This study aims to recontextualize a major manifestation of this transformation, a crime called hybrid investment fraud, colloquially known as pig butchering. Hybrid investment fraud describes a cyber-enabled fraud whereby criminals gain the trust of victims by forming connections and relationships, and then exploit this trust by using a series of confidence building and coercive measures designed to encourage victims to continuously invest in securities or commodities until they become unable or unwilling to continue to make payments or the offenders become unreachable. This study further aims to address the existing knowledge gap by focusing on understudied elements of this fraud, such victim and offender characteristics and the ways hybrid investment fraud is perpetrated. To achieve this, we conducted an in-depth analysis of more than 1,300 news articles and court documents between January 1, 2018, and November 1, 2023, to identify 59 cases of hybrid investment fraud targeting victims in the United States. This article both situates hybrid investment fraud within the broader fraud literature and conducts a comprehensive of analysis of hybrid investment fraud cases to identify the types of hybrid investment fraud committed, their impact, victim and offender demographics, and offenders’ tactics, tools, and methods of operation. The findings from this study can inform criminal justice practices and future research of this fraud.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000186/pdfft?md5=8255c55b88355f772b2d5dba519e33c7&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000186-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An analytical investigation of consequences of terrorism in the Middle East","authors":"Hashmat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Middle East has experienced significant and wide-ranging consequences due to terrorism and the resulting War on Terror. The region saw substantial impacts as a result of the War on Terror. This study briefly overviews the security, economic and political repercussions of the prolonged conflict in the region. The rise of terrorism and the War on Terror in the Middle East have seriously affected security, political stability, intensified extremist movements, given rise to proxy wars, caused economic recession, humanitarian crises, restricted civil liberties, and disturbed the balance of power due to geopolitical shifts in regional affairs. The US attack on Iraq, the emergence of radical factions like ISIS and Al-Qaeda, refugee crises, civil wars and resultant humanitarian crises in Yemen, Syria, Libya, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine, destroyed many countries' economies and paralysed governments in affected countries, led to sectarianism and power vacuums, and ultimately undermined peace, security and sustainable development in the Middle East. It also had negative economic, security, and political impacts on other parts of the world. In addition, the intervention of external powers in the region and their counterterrorism measures have also motivated many people to join militant organizations. The grievances of common people and their immense civilian losses in the War on Terror gave rise to anti-Western sentiments and joining anti-Western militant groups. Therefore, understanding these consequences is crucial to developing a more effective approach to address the impacts of the War on Terror and restore peace and stability in the Middle East.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000198/pdfft?md5=cc224a0e8c308e4329c31c535625c653&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000198-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nejla Ellili , Haitham Nobanee , Ayman Haddad , Ahmad Yuosef Alodat , Mohammed AlShalloudi
{"title":"Emerging trends in forensic accounting research: Bridging research gaps and prioritizing new frontiers","authors":"Nejla Ellili , Haitham Nobanee , Ayman Haddad , Ahmad Yuosef Alodat , Mohammed AlShalloudi","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents a meticulous bibliometric analysis of forensic accounting research conducted between 1991 and 2021, employing Scopus and VOSviewer. With a dataset comprising 232 documents, the study aims to scrutinize existing literature, identify influential authors, and discern the prominent countries in the field. Findings reveal a notable dearth in the documentation of forensic accounting within academic journals, suggesting a subdued demand for the profession, especially in certain nations. The analysis contributes to an enriched understanding of forensic accounting by offering a comprehensive taxonomy, pinpointing research gaps, identifying prospective research directions, and benefiting academia, practitioners, educators, policymakers, and professionals. The study's originality lies in its integration of bibliometric analysis, data visualization, and systematic examination, providing a distinctive contribution to the field. The comprehensive approach enhances our understanding of forensic accounting, offering invaluable insights for future research and fostering collaboration within the realm of financial fraud detection and prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000174/pdfft?md5=5121646a74fd76ef4204bf776004a643&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic and institutional drivers of trade-related illicit financial flows","authors":"Mathieu Juliot Mpabe Bodjongo , Fanny Kabwe Omoyi epse Essomme , Moustapha Fofana","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to examine the influence of controlling corruption, tax burden reduction, price stability and trade liberalization on trade-related illicit financial flows. The analysis focuses on a sample of 120 developing and emerging countries, drawn from data collected over the period 2008–2017. The econometric results reveal that controlling corruption, tax burden reduction, prices stability and trade liberalization contribute significantly to reducing trade-related IFF or false invoicing of foreign trade transactions. These results can be observed both within and outside Africa. In addition, increased competition on the domestic market helps to reduce trade-related IFF, while higher public spending significantly increases trade-related IFF.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000162/pdfft?md5=d00406d538d5fcf2dd2229da2de4b7ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconceptualizing online offenses: A framework for distinguishing cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism in the Indian legal context","authors":"Gargi Sarkar , Sandeep K. Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From a legal standpoint, there are significant disparities in treating online offenses targeting individuals, organizations, and nation-states. These disparities arise due to influences that vary discreetly based on crucial factors such as the target, motive, or impact. This article draws upon the Information Technology Amendment Act (ITAA) of 2008 in India, analyses how these factors regulate online crimes, and thereby conducts a comprehensive analysis of current literature to differentiate cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism. The proposed framework includes a target-impact (intent) model to differentiate illicit online activities, complemented by a discussion on the actor-intent model, which emphasizes their treatment and implications within the legal context. The article explores the target-impact (intent) definition of cybercrime, highlighting its significance in capturing the cyber aspect and differentiating it from cyberattacks. Case studies are presented to illustrate these distinctions effectively. Furthermore, the article highlights variations in mitigation strategies, investigative protocols, punitive measures, and legal consequences corresponding to the identified classifications. Lastly, it incorporates insights from theoretical criminology and sociology, discusses how the actor-intent model aligns with the routine activity theory, and explores attempts to distinguish online crimes using the institutional theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000150/pdfft?md5=bd5001b1a1c51d2d20f0794d006004bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring relation fraud, murder,and the Fraud Triangle","authors":"James W. Marquart , R. Alan Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the dynamics of relation fraud resulting in the murder of a grandparent by her grandson. While such instances are admittedly rare as forms of both murder and fraud more generally, this unique case nonetheless demonstrates that relation fraud resulting in murder is a significant problem worthy of further systematic empirical examination. In particular, Cressey’s Fraud Triangle is applied through a process of inductive analytic reasoning to explain the motivations of a grandson who defrauded and then killed his grandmother for her estate money in order to pay off escort debts and make plans for a new financial start post-murder. The paper contributes to the use of fraud typologies, relation fraud, the Fraud Triangle, elder crime victimology, and the use of analytic induction in theory development and refinement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000137/pdfft?md5=0dfc57f8eab3a17e1503327e9e80a4f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher E. Torres , Stewart J. D’Alessio , Lisa Stolzenberg
{"title":"Marginal deterrence: The effect of illicit incentive on robbery escalation","authors":"Christopher E. Torres , Stewart J. D’Alessio , Lisa Stolzenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extant literature on marginal deterrence supports the notion that individuals maintain a dynamic decision-making process that yields several ranked outcomes after weighing the risks and rewards. In this article, we conduct a novel large-scale empirical analysis of the marginal deterrence principle to advance theory on the magnitude of potential deterrent effects. We regress a stratified outcome variable representative of six decision outcomes for the crime of robbery on a unique exogenous illicit incentive measure. We employ a multilevel ordinal regression equation that nests 29,297 robbery incidents within 98 cities to test the marginal deterrence thesis. Our analysis yields a statistically significant positive relationship with our criminogenic incentive measure. More specifically, the model provides suggestive evidence that as the illicit incentive increases the odds of violence escalating in a robbery incident also increases. The results from this analysis provides theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for attenuating societal harm. Moreover, we expand on how to measure the scaling severity of harm within the criminal decision-making process. From a policy perspective, we provide support for harm indices and crime prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100775,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Economic Criminology","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791424000149/pdfft?md5=3336b1a813ca211a69842ad59b88c7d3&pid=1-s2.0-S2949791424000149-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140344485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}