JAPhA Practice Innovations最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of a collaborative practice agreement for depression and anxiety in the primary care setting","authors":"Riley K. Carroll,&nbsp;Lindsey C. Lee,&nbsp;Christopher J. Chiu,&nbsp;Cory P. Coffey","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>There is a lack of appropriate access to mental health care in the United States, particularly in the underserved community. Data show that individuals living below the poverty level are 2.5 times more likely to develop depression and similar trends have been reported for anxiety. However, socioeconomic status and these conditions are not mutually exclusive and occur throughout the general population. To expand patient access, a collaborative practice agreement (CPA) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was developed and implemented within a network of primary care clinics.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to (1) describe the development of a pharmacist-led CPA for MDD and GAD within an outpatient primary care clinic and (2) describe the growth of the depression and anxiety CPA service after implementation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This intervention was completed at a network of 7 primary care clinics associated with a large academic medical center in Columbus, Ohio. A CPA for MDD and GAD was created and implemented in November 2021. An electronic health record–generated report was used to identify patients for which a referral to pharmacy for MDD or GAD was placed between November 1, 2021, and March 1, 2023. A retrospective chart review was used to collect information to describe the growth of the service. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 308 patients were appropriately referred to the pharmacist-led service for MDD and GAD between November 1, 2021, and March 1, 2023. Of the patients who established care with the pharmacist, 35% (54 of 155) experienced improvement in symptoms and 29% (45 of 155) achieved remission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The implementation of a pharmacist-led CPA for MDD and GAD in a primary care setting improved patient access to pharmacotherapy management for depression and anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Before you click submit: Double check your manuscript","authors":"Kimberly M. Kelly,&nbsp;Spencer Harpe,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Hohmeier","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous books and articles have been published about scientific writing. Largely missing in this discussion is the mechanics of reviewing one’s own writing and its suitability for a journal—that critical step before authors click the “submit” button in their online manuscript submission. Although individual authors may have developed their own prescriptive checklists for self-editing, such tools have not been widely available for broad distribution. We intend to address this need. To avoid the potential pitfalls of scientific writing, we present a checklist to help writers in the critical step between drafting the manuscript and sending the manuscript to a journal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist intervention to improve controlled substance dispensing and use practices in Texas: A pilot study","authors":"J. Douglas Thornton,&nbsp;Nina Z.Y. Smith,&nbsp;Olajumoke A. Olateju,&nbsp;Matthew A. Wanat,&nbsp;Alia M. Altaie,&nbsp;Tyler J. Varisco","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacists play an important role in preventing and addressing opioid-related harm; as such, efforts to encourage and improve their participation are valuable. Face-to-face peer-pharmacist-delivered academic detailing targeted at community pharmacists may serve a role to support best practices in dispensing controlled substances (CS).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The objectives of the project were to (1) develop and pilot an academic detailing intervention, (2) determine the feasibility of delivering the intervention, and (3) determine which knowledge and practice should be emphasized during the education. This information would drive refinements to the project before it was expanded.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Educational content and materials were developed based on previous research on dispensing practices and on delivering academic detailing. A pharmacist trainer visited community pharmacists to deliver education and to collect data about knowledge and practices surrounding CS dispensing. The community pharmacists were also offered drug disposal products for distribution to patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 53 community pharmacies in Fort Bend County, TX, were identified as potential targets for the intervention. Seven were determined to be ineligible and the pharmacists in 33 pharmacies consented to participation. Before the intervention, 60.6% of the participating pharmacists reported feeling uncomfortable filling CS and disposal of leftover CS was infrequently addressed with patients. Most pharmacies did not use drug disposal systems before intervention and most pharmacies were interested in receiving free drug disposal envelopes through the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>An educational intervention was developed and pilot tested. The pilot showed the intervention’s feasibility and suggested which educational content needed to be abridged to accommodate community pharmacists’ busy practices. Plans were made to scale up the intervention to include more peer pharmacists and community pharmacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pharmacist-led transitions of care model on length of hospital stay and 30-day readmission rates at a quaternary care hospital: A pilot study","authors":"Joanna Saleh,&nbsp;Wasim S. El Nekidy,&nbsp;Mohamed Hisham,&nbsp;Hazem Elrefaei,&nbsp;Emna Abidi,&nbsp;Malak AlTakruri,&nbsp;Oussama Kalagieh,&nbsp;Salma Alzaabi,&nbsp;Bassam Atallah,&nbsp;Omar Chehab,&nbsp;Rami Ismail,&nbsp;Saad Sultan","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Data about the impact of pharmacist-led transitions of care (TOC) approach are not well established.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led TOC enhanced workflow on the length of hospital stay (LOS) and the 30-day hospital readmission rates (HRRs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a quality improvement pilot project conducted at a quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates over 6 weeks on a medical floor and 4 weeks on a cardiac floor. TOC was defined as admission medication reconciliation (AMR) and discharge medication reconciliation (DMR).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median LOS was statistically significantly lower in patients who received AMR on the medical floor (4 days [3-8]) than those who did not (7 days [4-20]) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The median LOS on the cardiac floor was not statistically significantly affected—3 (1.75-8) versus 3 (1-8) (<em>P</em> = 0.736). However, the multivariate linear regression model, adjusting for the number of interventions, indicated that LOS was statistically significantly lower on both floors; AMR was an independent risk factor for reducing the LOS on the medical floor (B = −8.37 [95 CI −11.37 to −5.36], <em>P</em> = .001) and on the cardiac floor (B = −2.76 [95% CI −5.23 to −0.28], <em>P</em> = 0.029). The 30-day HRR was not different on the medical floor but was numerically lower on the cardiac floor in patients who received DMR alone (12.9%) than in those who did not (17.2%) (<em>P</em> = 0.476). However, the multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for number of interventions, indicated that the pharmacist-led AMR and DMR combined were numerically associated with lower rates of 30-day HRR with respective odds ratios of 0.64 (95% CI 0.3–1.38) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.4–1.9) (<em>P</em> = 0.83) on the medical floor and of 0.96 (95% CI 0.3–2.6) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.3–1.8) (<em>P</em> = 0.28) on the cardiac floor. In addition, the impact of the described pharmacist-led TOC approach on health care costs at the hospital was quantifiable and reflected a median medications utilization cost of $1142.95 (639.69-2444.88) when TOC is performed versus $1371.54 (402.92-4277.39) without TOC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) on the medical floor and of $4728.98 (2436.66-6846.34) versus $5252.79 (3907.63-7784.57) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) on the cardiac floor throughout the study time period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Pharmacist-led TOC interventions, specifically AMR, significantly reduced the LOS on the medical and the cardiac floors, whereas both AMR and DMR represented promising predictors of decreased 30-day HRR on the studied floors. Furthermore, the TOC interventions were generally associated with a statistically significant financial impact on both studied floors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000083/pdfft?md5=2c847fbe9649dca2c6a23f0fd97e8592&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000083-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing a meningococcal B vaccination multimedia educational campaign for university students","authors":"Lucas A. Berenbrok,&nbsp;Kim C. Coley,&nbsp;Oscar Herrera-Restrepo,&nbsp;Misty Anderson,&nbsp;Cate Polacek,&nbsp;Douglas Landsittel","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) is the leading cause of potentially fatal meningococcal disease among U.S. older adolescents and young adults; college students are at increased risk. Although the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that healthy 16- to 23-year-olds may be vaccinated against MenB, MenB vaccination coverage is low.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study investigated the impact of a comprehensive multimedia MenB vaccine educational campaign on 2-dose MenB vaccine series initiation among college students.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We implemented a 6-week-long (October 11, 2021-November 19, 2021) educational intervention via a prospective trial on a university campus (the intervention campus), including video broadcasting, student-led campus programming, and printed materials. The control campus was a different university in the same urban setting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>During baseline period 1 (August 26, 2019-November 15, 2019), 2 students on the intervention campus and 3 students on the control campus initiated the MenB vaccination series; 1 student initiated the series on the intervention campus during baseline period 2 (August 27, 2021-October 8, 2021). At least 83 students were exposed to the campaign during the intervention period (October 11, 2021-November 19, 2021). No students initiated the MenB vaccination series during the intervention period, although 1 student completed the vaccination series.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The campaign did not influence MenB vaccination initiation on the university campus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000095/pdfft?md5=22045088a5ed8e60b9c9c621da2ef62e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of missed opportunity for clinical pharmacist practitioner impact on medication management in a traumatic brain injury population","authors":"Jordyn T. Kettner,&nbsp;Tera L. Raymond","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a traumatically induced physiological disruption of normal brain function often with structural brain injury. Patients with TBI may have impaired cognitive function, which may affect medication adherence and patients’ understanding of their medication regimen, making medication management challenging. Clinical pharmacist practitioner (CPP)–driven medication management has been shown to decrease polypharmacy, increase medication adherence, and prevent adverse drug reactions in various disease states; however, there are few interventions for patients with TBI.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This evaluation aimed to determine whether there are missed opportunities for CPP impact on medication management for patients with TBI at 1 Veterans Affairs medical center.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a single-center, retrospective, QI project. Patients were identified via a generated report of all patients with a diagnosis of TBI seen by a rehabilitation medicine provider between October 21, 2022, and January 1, 2023. Retrospective chart reviews were performed to determine the number of patients with polypharmacy, adherence concerns, duplicative therapy, and medications missing an indication.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Ninety-two rehabilitation medicine visits for 78 unique patients were identified over the 3-month time period. Twenty-four of the 78 patients were identified to have all of the following: polypharmacy, adherence concerns, duplicative therapy, and medications without an indication. Of the 78 patients, 10 (15.6%) were followed by a primary care CPP within the 6 months before their rehabilitation medicine appointment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This QI project identifies potential opportunities for CPP impact on medication management of patients diagnosed as having TBI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 4","pages":"Article 100013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294996902400006X/pdfft?md5=9446ce0d22faa1cc40399432811b3153&pid=1-s2.0-S294996902400006X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and hearing professionals in Pennsylvania: A descriptive geographic information system study","authors":"Lucas A. Berenbrok,&nbsp;Nico Chieffo,&nbsp;Audrey Leong,&nbsp;Emily Stuck,&nbsp;Mark DeRuiter,&nbsp;Elaine Mormer","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2022, the Food and Drug Administration finalized regulations for over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids, available without professional hearing services and without a prescription. As a result, community pharmacies now serve as locations where adults seek self-care solutions for hearing loss such as OTC hearing aids.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>We conducted a geographic information systems (GIS) analysis to identify Pennsylvania counties served by community pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries, the practice locations of hearing professionals.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained addresses of Pennsylvania pharmacies from the National Council for Prescription Drug Programs. Hearing aid dispensaries were obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Health. GIS software was used to plot locations of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries. The number of pharmacies and hearing aid dispensaries was visualized on a Pennsylvania map, by county. Mean straight-line distances, in miles, from a hearing aid dispensary to its nearest pharmacy in any county and vice versa were calculated. This analysis was performed in early 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In Pennsylvania, there were more community pharmacies (2769) than hearing aid dispensaries (945). All 67 Pennsylvania counties had more pharmacies than hearing aid dispensaries. Pharmacies outnumbered hearing aid dispensaries by 1 in some rural counties to 382 in urban Philadelphia County. The mean straight-line distance from a hearing aid dispensary, starting point, to the nearest pharmacy, end point, was 0.63 miles. The mean straight-line distance from a pharmacy, starting point, to the nearest hearing aid dispensary, end point, was 3.24 miles.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This GIS analysis supports the participation of pharmacists in initiatives such as OTC hearing aids that increase population access to hearing care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000058/pdfft?md5=50d3718ffdbdd026c9009464a8f39be9&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000058-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring pharmacy clinical workload in the emergency department: Current status and a plan for action","authors":"Raneem Pallotta,&nbsp;Christian Carlson,&nbsp;Elizabeth VanWert","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inpatient pharmacy productivity workload ratios historically encompass dispensing functions including numbers of medication orders verified, dispensed, and billed for and full-time equivalents (FTEs) but do not include pharmacy clinical activities. Clinical pharmacy activities are difficult to capture because they generally require manual documentation and vary among health systems. The emergency medicine pharmacists’ (EMPs) role adds additional complexity to capturing clinical activities given that bedside response and verbal recommendations are difficult to capture outside of manual documentation. It is unknown how many health systems use EMP-specific workload metrics.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The purpose of our survey was to determine the percentage of hospital pharmacies that use EMP-specific workload metrics, to describe workload metrics used by EMPs and to quantify time spent on clinical activities, and to describe methods for implementing EMP metrics.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A 13-item questionnaire was developed, pretested, and sent to EMPs practicing in hospitals in the United States through 2 EMP national committee e-mail listservs. Survey completion online included questions on hospital characteristics, number of EMP FTEs, clinical services provided and time spent on these tasks, and current workload metrics used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Full responses to the survey were received from 100 pharmacists, with an overall response rate of 9.8%. Workload metrics specific to EMP activities were used by 15.1% of responders. Workload metrics were used but not tailored to EMP activities for 43% of responders, and 41.9% responded that no metrics were used whatsoever. Ten responders provided commentary on types of EMP activities tracked, which included bedside response for critical patients, culture callback, drug information and dosing, time to antibiotic administration, and medication histories. No universal software for metric tracking was identified.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A survey of EMP clinical services and workload metrics indicated that although 43% of responders use non-EMP-specific metrics, only 15.1% reported workload metrics that capture EMP clinical activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000071/pdfft?md5=92a71783a73262b2d0c785487ffd4b5a&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services: A case series of early adopters","authors":"Jennifer A. Campi,&nbsp;Sally Rafie,&nbsp;Jenny L. Newlon,&nbsp;Ashley H. Meredith","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The objective of this study was to interview five early adopters of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services to gain insight into successful implementation, with a focus on each pharmacy’s approach, successes, challenges, lessons learned, and practice implications.</p></div><div><h3>Case Summaries</h3><p>The five pharmacists who were interviewed included men and women working for independent, chain, and hospital system pharmacies in rural, suburban, and urban areas in various states. Each pharmacy had a unique approach to implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services and a variety of service features. The pharmacists were asked about their motivation for starting the service, implementation processes, financial justification, challenges, and successes. Similarities and differences in the intervention characteristics (processes), outer setting (factors outside of the pharmacy), inner setting (factors within the pharmacy), and individual characteristics were compared to determine lessons learned and practice implications for implementation of pharmacist-prescribed contraceptive services.</p></div><div><h3>Practice Implications</h3><p>The pharmacists interviewed encountered common challenges in implementing pharmacist-prescribed contraception services, including lack of community awareness, difficulty justifying the service financially, difficulty with time management, staying updated with changing regulations, and managing staff turnover. Successful contraception service implementation strategies included efficient workflow integration, financial justification of the service, and increasing community awareness of the service.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These early adopter case studies can serve as a reference for pharmacists wanting to implement contraceptive services in their pharmacies. By incorporating lessons learned and anticipating challenges, more pharmacies may be able to offer contraceptive services, further increasing patient access to contraceptives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000046/pdfft?md5=38ad6551749be4809cd6a8634565138d&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000046-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a pharmacist-driven insulin dispensing program in a management services organization","authors":"Tina Benny,&nbsp;Marija Lapkus,&nbsp;Genevieve Hale,&nbsp;Cynthia Moreau,&nbsp;Alexandra Perez,&nbsp;Erika Zwachte","doi":"10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japhpi.2024.100010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Insulin prices have tripled in the United States over the past decade. The affordability of insulin products may affect patient adherence and, as a result, glucose control. Providers may need to consider less expensive insulin options to improve patient outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a low-cost, in-office insulin dispensing program led by pharmacists in a management services organization on patient glucose control, adherence to routine laboratory tests, and patient satisfaction.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at 2 primary care clinics in South Florida. The primary outcome was the change in mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at baseline versus 6 months after insulin program enrollment. The secondary outcomes included mean HbA1c at baseline versus 12 months after insulin program enrollment, patient satisfaction evaluated with a survey, and adherence to routine laboratory tests, specifically HbA1c and urine albumin to creatinine ratio before and after enrollment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 21 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean HbA1c before program enrollment was 9.4% compared with a mean HbA1c of 8.6% 6 months after enrollment (<em>P</em> = 0.058) and 8.4% 12 months after enrollment when available (<em>P</em> = 0.097). Of the 12 patients who completed the patient satisfaction survey, 11 (91.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with pharmacist involvement in insulin management and planned to continue using the insulin program.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a low-cost, in-office insulin program, change in mean HbA1c after 6 and 12 months was not statistically significant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100737,"journal":{"name":"JAPhA Practice Innovations","volume":"1 3","pages":"Article 100010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949969024000034/pdfft?md5=ab9555ad49cd7dc9014a00a8245a7920&pid=1-s2.0-S2949969024000034-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140647318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}