International Turfgrass Society Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Water use and resilience in the leisure sector in England","authors":"Anthony Hanson","doi":"10.1002/its2.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water is an essential resource for the leisure sector, for this reason Environmental Solutions International (Esi) has worked with both the leisure sector and water industry for many years to cultivate a more collaborative relationship. In 2018 the Environment Agency invited Esi to become a consultee for the development of the National Framework for Water Resource. With access to all of the available data, this document confirmed that without action there will be a shortfall of 3,435,000,000 L of water per day in England by 2050, due to climate change, population growth, and a near doubling of per capita consumption over the last 50 yr.</p><p>England Golf commissioned a report by Cranfield University in 2008 which highlighted the issues of water availability as a significant risk to the future of golf operations (Knox, Rodrigues, &amp; Weatherhead, <span>2007</span>). Environmental Solutions International referenced this report when reiterating the issues of water availability to the golf sector in 2018 and 2019. The combination of high numbers of leisure facilities, in areas of high population growth, increasing areas of water stress, and with over 60% of golf courses completely reliant on Public Water Supply (PWS) for irrigation, is simply unsustainable.</p><p>In August 2020, the 17 water companies in England and Wales retained Esi to undertake a project to benchmark water use in the leisure sector, to engage national representative association and governing bodies, and co-create the tools and guidance to help leisure facilities need to transition to more sustainable water sources.</p><p>The project scope was designed to provide information to assist the water companies and the Environment Agency in development of the required resource planning outlined in the National Framework for Water Resource up to 2045 and beyond.</p><p>The major water consumers were identified as golf, football, horse racing, and rugby allowing a focus on facility locations. The locations for these four sectors have been identified and cross matched with abstraction license volumes, abstraction availability data, catchment, and water body with the Environment Agency. Mains water consumption data acquisition has been challenging, at least partly due to the range of sites, the age of meters and the fact that many meter names do not relate to their purpose.</p><p>The more complex elements are related to engagement and gaining support from the leisure sector. The majority of the meetings and discussions during the early stages of the project had to provide reassurance that the project would result in true collaboration, allow the co-creation a range of actions, increase discussions around innovative solutions, and give the associations the confidence to work with Esi and the water companies to roll out the practical solutions developed.</p><p>The response from the leisure sector has been positive, and the discussions and meetings were encouraged to direct the projects dev","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72162087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Fungicide Sensitivity of\u0000 Clarireedia\u0000 ,\u0000 Fusarium\u0000 and\u0000 Microdochium\u0000 Isolates from Grasses","authors":"T. Gagkaeva, A. Orina, O. Gavrilova, M. Usoltseva, J. Crouch, K. Normann, K. Entwistle, T. Torp, T. Espevig","doi":"10.1002/its2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73131223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of a novel enzyme system for the management of thatch and soil water repellency in turfgrass","authors":"S. Sidhu, Qingguo Huang, R. Carrow, David Jesperson, Jiayang Liu, P. Raymer","doi":"10.1002/its2.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88194996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro fungicide sensitivity of Clarireedia, Fusarium, and Microdochium isolates from grasses","authors":"Tatiana Gagkaeva,&nbsp;Aleksandra Orina,&nbsp;Olga Gavrilova,&nbsp;Marina Usoltseva,&nbsp;Jo Anne Crouch,&nbsp;Karin Normann,&nbsp;Kate Entwistle,&nbsp;Torfinn Torp,&nbsp;Tatsiana Espevig","doi":"10.1002/its2.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Clarireedia</i> spp., <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, and <i>Microdochium nivale</i> are destructive and widespread fungal pathogens causing turfgrass disease. Chemical control is a key tool for managing these diseases on golf greens but are most effective when used in a manner that reduces overall inputs, maximizes fungicide efficacy, and minimizes the risk of fungicide resistance. In this study, sensitivity to eight commonly used fungicides was tested in 13 isolates of <i>Clarireedia</i> spp., <i>F</i>. <i>culmorum</i>, and <i>M</i>. <i>nivale</i> via in vitro toxicity assays. Fungicide sensitivity varied significantly among the three species, with isolates of <i>F. culmorum</i> showing the least sensitivity. The sensitivity of <i>M. nivale</i> to all tested fungicides was high (with the exception of tebuconazole), but only four fungicides (Banner Maxx®, Instrata® Elite, Medallion TL, and Switch® 62,5 WG) suppressed the growth of <i>M. nivale</i> completely at a concentration of 1% of the recommended dose. All three fludioxonil-containing fungicides either alone (Medallion TL) or in combination with difeconazole (Instrata® Elite) or cyprodinil (Switch® 62,5 WG) had the same high efficacy against isolates of both <i>M. nivale</i> and <i>Clarireedia</i> spp. On average, the <i>Clarireedia</i> isolates tested in this study showed high sensitivity to the tested fungicides, except for Heritage (azoxystrobin). The observed variation in sensitivity among isolates within the same fungal species to different fungicides needs further investigation, as an analysis of the differences in fungal growth within each fungal group revealed a significant isolate × fungicide interaction (<i>p</i> &lt; .001).</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72162090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of turfgrass research papers 2008–19: Implications and future opportunities for the International Turfgrass Society","authors":"D. Loch","doi":"10.1002/its2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.140","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91087967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mowing Frequency and Performance of Genetically Modified St. Augustinegrass and Standard Commercial Cultivars","authors":"J. L. Buhlman, S. L. Freshour, R. Harriman, M. Koch, J. Unruh, E. Santen, K. Williams, C. A. Yurisic, K. Kenworthy","doi":"10.1002/its2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75640009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of turfgrass research papers 2008–2019: Implications and future opportunities for the International Turfgrass Society","authors":"Donald S. Loch","doi":"10.1002/its2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The content of 1,626 turfgrass papers published in the quadrennial <i>International Turfgrass Society Research Journal</i> (<i>ITSRJ</i>), 17 multi-issue annual journals, and ad hoc volumes of <i>Acta Horticulturae</i> over 12 yr (2008 to 2019) was divided into three categories: cool-season turfgrasses, warm-season turfgrasses, and other topics (both cool- and warm-season turfgrasses and/or more general topics) and compared together with the most recent Journal Impact Factors. Overall, there were approximately 50% cool-season, 40% warm-season, and just under 10% more general papers. The <i>ITSRJ</i> (along with <i>HortScience</i>) most closely aligned with this overall pattern compared with the other 17 journals which published higher or lower proportions in these topic categories. While no one journal dominated the international turfgrass literature over the period surveyed, <i>ITSRJ</i> (one of only two non-Impact Factor journals surveyed) was the only one that contributed &gt;25% of the published papers. Implications and future opportunities for the International Turfgrass Society are explored in relation to better meeting the needs of academic research members for an Impact Factor journal while at the same time broadening the membership base through practitioners and other users attracted by the Society's major asset of turfgrass information.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72143048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mowing frequency and performance of genetically modified St. Augustinegrass and standard commercial cultivars","authors":"Jamie L. Buhlman,&nbsp;Samuel L. Freshour,&nbsp;Robert W. Harriman,&nbsp;Matthew J. Koch,&nbsp;Joseph B. Unruh,&nbsp;Edzard van Santen,&nbsp;Karen E. Williams,&nbsp;Cory A. Yurisic,&nbsp;Kevin E. Kenworthy","doi":"10.1002/its2.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mowing is a key input when maintaining a turfgrass lawn but has an environmental impact and represents a repetitive expense. In an effort to reduce canopy growth rate and to improve weed control, genetically modified St. Augustinegrasses [<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i> (Walter) Kuntze] derived from the cultivar ‘Floratam’ are now in production and characterized by reduced levels of t gibberellic acid by insertion of the spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i> L.) <i>gibberellic acid 2-oxidase</i> gene and glyphosate tolerance due to the insertion of <i>5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase</i> gene from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) Heynh. The objective of this study was to determine if eight genetically modified St. Augustinegrass entries required less frequent mowing than two standard commercial cultivars, Floratam and ‘615866’ (Seville™), while maintaining turfgrass quality (TQ) comparable to the standards. This study was planted in 2017 as a randomized complete block design at two Florida locations. Mowing frequency, TQ, density, and color were recorded from 2018 to 2019. Gray leaf spot severity was rated when present. Overall, the genetically modified St. Augustinegrass entries required less frequent mowing than standard cultivars, with PV-A and PV-B requiring less frequent mowing than Floratam across all seasons at both locations. Of these two, PV-A showed TQ comparable to Floratam at Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center for the entirety of the trial, and at Plant Science Research and Education Unit for 7/10 seasons. For end-users, the availability of a high performing turfgrass with reduced mowing requirements can lead to a decreased maintenance cost and a reduced environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72143047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of St. Augustinegrass genotype and irrigation frequency on turfgrass quality in a subtropical environment","authors":"Todd Pirtle,&nbsp;Manuel R. Chavarria,&nbsp;John E. Erickson,&nbsp;Kevin E. Kenworthy,&nbsp;Katherine Cox,&nbsp;J. Bryan Unruh,&nbsp;Jason Kruse,&nbsp;Bernardo Cardenas,&nbsp;Michael Dukes,&nbsp;Susana Milla-Lewis,&nbsp;Ambika Chandra,&nbsp;Benjamin Wherley,&nbsp;Justin Moss","doi":"10.1002/its2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing urban populations have placed greater demands on municipal water supplies, especially during dry periods. Efforts are underway to develop turfgrasses with better performance using less irrigation. The objective of this research was to assess the effects of irrigation management and St. Augustinegrass [<i>Stenotaphrum secundatum</i> (Walter) Kuntze] genotype on turf quality (TQ). The field study conducted in Citra, FL, was a split-plot design with the main plot (irrigation) arranged in blocks. Calendar-based irrigation treatments were soil sensor-based, 8X, 4X, 2X, and 1X per month (MO) and none. St. Augustinegrass genotypes included three commercial cultivars and eight experimental entries. Turfgrass quality varied with time, genotype, and irrigation. Sensor-based and 8XMO irrigation produced the highest TQ values, ranging from 5 to 7 for all cultivars, but sensor-based irrigation used less water overall. Turf quality declined with 2XMO and more restrictive irrigation frequencies, with TQ values ranging from 2 to 4. Several recently developed breeding lines performed better across all the irrigation treatments than current commercial cultivars. To satisfy both municipal watering restrictions and turfgrass health requirements, sensor-based irrigation coupled with the use of improved breeding lines and cultivars such as DALSA 1618 or FSA1602 (CitraBlue^®) offer the potential to maintain quality turfgrass while substantially reducing residential irrigation use.</p>","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/its2.134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72140723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of St. Augustinegrass genotype and irrigation frequency on turfgrass quality in a subtropical environment","authors":"T. Pirtle, M. Chavarria, J. Erickson, K. Kenworthy, Katherine Cox, J. Unruh, J. Kruse, Bernardo Cardenas‐Lilicar, M. Dukes, S. Milla‐Lewis, A. Chandra, B. Wherley, J. Moss","doi":"10.1002/its2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/its2.134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100722,"journal":{"name":"International Turfgrass Society Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78836278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}