Dr. Eng. Prof. E.N. Prutkovsky, Dr. Eng. E.K. Chavchanidze
{"title":"Combined cycle steam and gas units with the clean-up of the flue gases from carbon dioxide","authors":"Dr. Eng. Prof. E.N. Prutkovsky, Dr. Eng. E.K. Chavchanidze","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90029-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90029-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Projects of the Combined Cycle Steam and Gas Units (Combined Cycle Power Plants - CCPP) reveal a high efficiency when being applicated to reduce the air pollution caused by ash, SO and NO emissions. It was proven out by operation. Used to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, these units allow the obtaining of even better results. (This application will be of great importance in future.) “Freezing out” and alkanolamyn CO<sub>2</sub> disposal methods require a 1.3 – 1.4 times increased proportional fuel consumption. CO<sub>2</sub> “freezing out” in the CCPP cycle with intermediate gas cooling to <span><math><mtext>to</mtext><mtext> = 170 </mtext><mtext>K</mtext></math></span> partially equilibrates the capacity decrease of GTUs at the expense of the increase of the steam turbines' capacity.</p><p>In Russia, a considerable practical experience in this type of CO<sub>2</sub> is being extracted in crystals at experimental plants from flue gas behind the expansion turbine. Regenerating units cooling gas under pressure (<span><math><mtext>p</mtext><mtext> = 0.4 </mtext><mtext>MPa) to to</mtext><mtext> = 173 </mtext><mtext>K</mtext></math></span> before the expansion turbine were elaborated and tested in the refrigeration industry.</p><p>Given here are thermal diagrams, characteristics of demonstration gas turbine and steam-gas plants with CO<sub>2</sub> disposal, equipment scheme and general project parameters for long-range CCPP. The efficiency of these CCPP will be 20% higher than that of modern pulverized-fuel blocks without CO<sub>2</sub> disposal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 215-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90029-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91726240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined cycle steam and gas units with the clean-up of the flue gases from carbon dioxide","authors":"E. N. Prutkovsky, E. K. Chavchanidze","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90029-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90029-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"1 1","pages":"215-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89776238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Salient design considerations for an ideal combined cycle power plant","authors":"R.G. Narula","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90017-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90017-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Combustion turbines and combined cycles have become a dominant mode of new capacity addition in most parts of the world. However, to maximize the benefits of a combined cycle, it must be designed to take into account site-specific technical, economic, and environmental considerations. This paper outlines the important design considerations that must be addressed in the early stages of a project's development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90017-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86905456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.O. Ong'iro, V.I. Ugursal, A.M. Al Taweel, D.K. Blamire
{"title":"Simulation of combined cycle power plants using the ASPEN PLUS shell","authors":"A.O. Ong'iro, V.I. Ugursal, A.M. Al Taweel, D.K. Blamire","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90018-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90018-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A computer simulation model in ASPEN PLUS shell has been developed to simulate the performance of IGCC and IGHAT cycle power plants. The model was used to study the effects of design and performance parameters on the efficiency and emissions from IGCC and IGHAT cycles. The simulation models are capable of performing mass, energy and exergy balances which may be used to trace system inefficiencies to their source component thereby providing insights into component interactions within the cycles and act as pointers to system optimization trade-offs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90018-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90298187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design considerations for PFBC gas expander","authors":"Lu Pengfei","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90025-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90025-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is established on the basis of experience accumulated in the F C C (fluidized-bed catalytic crackers in petroleum refinery) flue gas expanders. It first discusses design features and design criteria based on erosion and aerodynamics; then erosion, deposition and corrosion characteristics; design alternatives and machine train arrangement; and finally prospects for design, research and development of the pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) gas expander.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 179-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90025-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91726241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of pressurized circulating fluidized bed technology for combined cycle power generation","authors":"Kumar M. Sellakumar, Thomas W. Lamar","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90023-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90023-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ahlstrom Pyropower, Inc. (API) pioneered the development of atmospheric circulating fluidized bed (ACFB) technology. The sustained success with ACFB and continued research in ACFB systems has led Ahlstrom towards the development of pressurized circulating fluidized bed (PCFB) technology. Since the mid-1980s many components of the PCFB combined cycle power plant were developed. Based on the component development experience, a 10 MW<sub>th</sub> PCFB pilot plant was built to support the design of commercial size PCFB units.</p><p>The PCFB pilot plant has operated over 4500 hours since its commissioning in mid 1989. Five types of coals and five types of sorbents have been tested. Emissions and load following performance of the pilot plant have demonstrated that the PCFB performs significantly better than required under the current stringent environmental standards. The sulfur capture has been 95 to 98%; the NO<sub>x</sub> level with SNCR is less than 25 mg/MJ; the ash generated from the PCFB is less basic than the ash from conventional system.</p><p>API, under the U.S. Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology III program, was awarded a contract to build a nominal 80 MW<sub>e</sub> PCFB combined cycle repowering unit. The unit is scheduled for commissioning in early 1997. API has also performed design studies for larger capacity units in the range of 100 – 400 MW<sub>e</sub>. These designs include a second generation PCFB technology combined cycle system for the use of high ash coals. The second generation PCFB technology involves partial gasification of coal and the use of the syngas to heat up the PCFB exhaust flue gas to 1300°C at the gas turbine inlet. This paper, in addition to presenting the pilot plant results, summarizes the salient features of PCFB combined cycle plants for various fuels including high ash Indian coals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90023-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77058051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermodynamic analysis of a coal-based combined cycle power plant","authors":"P.K. Nag, D. Raha","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90019-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90019-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thermodynamic analysis of a combined cycle power plant using pressurized circulating fluidized beds for partial gasification and combustion of coal has been made on the basis of both first law and second law. The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used for evaluation of properties of air at high pressures in the topping gas turbine plant. A dual pressure steam cycle is considered in the bottoming plant for reducing irreversibility in heat transfer from gas to water and steam. The effects of pressure ratio and peak cycle temperature ratio of the gas cycle and the lower saturation pressure of the steam cycle on the overal performance of the combined plant have been evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90019-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91373516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of chemical solvents for mitigating CO2 emissions from coal-fired power plants","authors":"A. Chakma, A. Mehrotra, B. Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90030-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90030-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"135 1","pages":"231-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73297838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Heinbockel (Dipl.-Ing.), F.N. Fett (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)
{"title":"Simulation of a combined cycle power plant based on a pressurized circulating fluidized bed combustor","authors":"I. Heinbockel (Dipl.-Ing.), F.N. Fett (Prof. Dr.-Ing.)","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90024-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90024-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive mathematical model for the simulation of a pressurized circulating fluidized bed combustor will be presented. The model consists of a combustor model describing the combustion chamber, the cyclone and the external heat exchanger as well as of a gas turbine model. The results of the simulation for the combustor at full load and different pressures and for the combined cycle power plant at full and part load are presented in form of temperature-, flue gas composition- and heat transfer-profiles in the combustor. Especially, energy fluxes from the combustor to the water-/steam cycle and the output of gas- and steam-turbine will be shown. The validity of the model will be shown by comparative simulation of an existing plant for the special case of atmospheric conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90024-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74985693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi Mingxian, Liu Junren, Liu Guorong, Jin Youhai, Yao Zhibiao, Liu Qianxin
{"title":"The cyclone separators performances under high temperature in PFBC unit","authors":"Shi Mingxian, Liu Junren, Liu Guorong, Jin Youhai, Yao Zhibiao, Liu Qianxin","doi":"10.1016/0890-4332(95)90026-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90026-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A high temperature gas cleanup system, which consisted of three cyclone separators in series, has operated satisfactorily through 500 hours in a 1 Mwt PFBC pilot test unit. The total collection efficiency of this system was 99–99.3%. The fly ash concentration in cleaned gas stream reduced to values below <span><math><mtext>2×10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−4</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext>kg/m</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math></span> (N) and there are no particles larger than 10μm. The second stage cyclone is the newly developed Φ 240mm PV type cyclone separator with dimensions optimized. Its measured cut size is 1.2μm and the resistance coefficient considering pressure drop about 12. The third stage multicyclone separator consists of three Φ100 EPVC — I type cyclone tubes and its collection efficiency of 8μm particle is about 99.5%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100603,"journal":{"name":"Heat Recovery Systems and CHP","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0890-4332(95)90026-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91726237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}