Geosystems and Geoenvironment最新文献

{"title":"GIS-driven hybrid multicriteria model for flood susceptibility assessment in a coastal metropolis of Ghana","authors":"Samuel Yaw Danso","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping regions prone to flooding constitutes a crucial step toward developing localized solutions for flood preparedness and mitigation. This study presents a geographic information system (GIS)-driven approach that combines the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC), and simple additive weighting (SAW) methodologies to identify flood-prone areas in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis (STM), Ghana. The study's originality lies in using the hybrid DEMATEL-CRITIC-SAW model for flood susceptibility assessment, a novel integration of decision-making methods and analytical techniques not previously applied together for this purpose. This novel framework provides a comprehensive approach to analyze relationships among 11 flood-inducing variables, determine variable importance, and integrate these findings to produce a more accurate and robust flood susceptibility map. The results reveal a constructed network structure that highlights the complex relationships and dependencies among the variables. Among the assessed criteria, stream power index was identified as the most significant factor due to its high total interaction with other criteria. The flood susceptibility zones within STM are classified into five levels: very low (15%), low (27%), moderate (21%), high (22%), and very high (14%). Notably, the coastal and central sections of STM were marked as areas with moderate to very high flood susceptibility. The results, measured using the area under the curve, indicate that the proposed approach achieved a score of 0.947, demonstrating its superior performance over other existing hybrid models in the literature. The method provides actionable recommendations to authorities in STM for developing flood prevention/mitigation measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling environmental fragility in an industrial landscape: An integrated remote sensing-GIS framework for sustainable planning in Brahmani-Dwarka Interfluve","authors":"Bhaskar Mandal,&nbsp;Kaushalendra Prakash Goswami,&nbsp;Sharmistha Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating environmental vulnerability is crucial for efficient and sustainable management, particularly in regions that are ecologically sensitive and experiencing rapid transformations. Thus, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the environmental fragility of the Brahmani-Dwarka Interfluve by integrating key natural and human-induced factors through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) within a remote sensing and geographic information systems (RS-GIS) framework. To achieve this, ten unique factors influencing potential environmental fragility (PEF) were analyzed, along with four new factors to tackle emerging fragility (EEF). This study holds significant value as it focuses on a region profoundly affected by stone crushing industries, which encounter considerable threats of environmental harm. The results of the PEF model showed that high and very high fragility zones accounted for 23.96% and 22.38% of the area, according to the AHP and FAHP models. Similarly, EEF models highlighted a growing fragility, with FAHP and AHP indicating that 27.85% and 16.80% of the region were categorized as having high and very high fragility. Hotspot analysis indicated that environmentally fragile hotspots constituted 21.07% and 31.46% of the area in the AHP and FAHP-based models, respectively. ROC validation indicated that FAHP demonstrated superior performance compared to AHP in both PEF and EEF models, highlighting its exceptional predictive accuracy and reliability. The observed negligible difference between high and low sensitive parameters was 0.866% in FAHP-based PEF and 0.532% in FAHP-based EEF, indicating the models’ reliability. The findings of the study will help policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to develop environmentally resilient strategies and policies as well as achieve sustainability in the study region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a riverbank erosion susceptibility index: A pragmatic approach to reveal the level of vulnerability in coastal Bangladesh","authors":"Arabe Khan ,&nbsp;Md Mahmudul Hasan Rakib ,&nbsp;Irteja Hasan ,&nbsp;Apurba Roy ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan Ovi ,&nbsp;Md Mostafa Jaman Rabby ,&nbsp;Raian Islam Evan ,&nbsp;Nusrat Jahan Suborna ,&nbsp;Maksudur Rahman ,&nbsp;Rahat Khan ,&nbsp;Dhiman Kumer Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Riverbank erosion is one of the significant natural hazards affecting the livelihoods of communities living along riverbanks in Bangladesh. This study develops a novel riverbank erosion susceptibility index (RESI) to quantitatively assess community susceptibility to this hazard. The RESI framework integrates five core dimensions: exposure, susceptibility, sensitivity, adaptability, and resilience, encompassing 34 context-specific indicators derived from household surveys, interviews, and field observations. The RESI scoring scale ranges from -1 (most resilient) to +1 (most susceptible), where higher positive scores indicate greater susceptibility to riverbank erosion. The findings in this study conclude that Chadpur Union is the most susceptible (RESI score: 0.47), followed by Shambupur (0.36) and Chanchra (0.29) union. These scores are further validated with historical remote-sensing analysis, and sensitivity tests show that varying indicator weights (equal, expert, or PCA) do not change the relative union ranking, underscoring the model’s robustness. The analysis highlights key drivers of vulnerability: frequent erosion occurrences, high population density along riverbanks, considerable losses in land and assets, and recurrent displacement due to erosion. All three unions are facing significant challenges in building adaptability and resilience, as indicated by low scores in infrastructure, financial resources, and social support systems. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to reduce susceptibility, which include reinforcing protective structures, improving access to financial and technical resources, and promoting livelihood diversification strategies. Integrating the RESI into planning enables decision-makers to prioritize high-risk areas and allocate resources more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial flood susceptibility modelling using analytical hierarchy process: A case study in the south-central coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Irteja Hasan ,&nbsp;Md Mahmudul Hasan Rakib ,&nbsp;Dhiman Kumer Roy ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan Ovi ,&nbsp;Md. Fuad Hasan ,&nbsp;Md. Sagirul Islam Majumder","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Patuakhali region is situated in the coastal area of Bangladesh and is bordered by major rivers, which are extremely vulnerable to foreseeable flooding disasters due to the detrimental effects of climate change. The primary objective of this study is to create a flood susceptibility map using AHP, GIS, and Remote Sensing techniques. The flood hazard map was constructed using seven important causative factors, where elevation (32 %) is the most influential in creating flood hazards, followed by slope (22 %) and drainage density (14 %). The flood hazard map shows that 10.30 % area is very highly hazardous, 22.20 % is in high, 30.45 % is moderate, 26.06 % is low, and 10.99 % area is in very low hazard zone in the study area. The flood vulnerability map was developed using four key factors: population density, distance from roads, land use/land cover (LULC), and NDVI, with population density emerging as the most influential factor, contributing 45 % to the overall vulnerability assessment. The map indicates that 30 % of the area is classified as very high, 23 % as high, 22 % as moderate, 17 % as low, and 9 % as very low vulnerability. Likewise, the flood hazard and vulnerability maps were overlaid to construct a flood risk map. In the final AHP-GIS flood risk map, 10 % of regions were classified as very high risk, 22 % as high risk, 28 % as moderate risk, 24 % as low risk, and 16 % as very low risk. The information contained in these maps will be beneficial to decision-makers in implementing flood-mitigation policies in priority areas of sustainable development, as well as in preventing and managing floods in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Further analysis, which includes data on population and building density, proximity to nature, and economic and social activities, will enable the enhancement of sustainability in addition to this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The supergiant Witwatersrand Goldfield: A result of anhydrous mantle degassing on Earth’s earliest supercontinent","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;David I. Groves ,&nbsp;John L. Walshe","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of the supergiant high grade Witwatersrand gold deposits has attracted debate for several decades with modified gold placer models contrasting with orogenic gold crustal metamorphic models. Neither explains the anomalous quantities of gold, pyrobitumen, and ‘carbon leaders’ in the Basin during the otherwise gold- and carbon-poor Mesoarchean. The Witwatersrand, part of a trilogy with the Bushveld Complex PGE-Cr-Fe-Ti-V and Kaapvaal diamond fields as the largest deposits globally, is unique, requiring consideration of a tectonic-scale non-conventional model to explain it.</div><div>Host to the Witwatersrand Basin, the Kaapvaal Craton represents a continental block within the first supercontinent Ur. Iron-Ni alloy inclusions and terrestrial-like C isotopes in CLIPPIR diamonds within the Craton provide evidence for the addition of metals, including those that later resided in cumulate slurries in the giant Bushveld Complex, to the mantle during Archean core-mantle-crust overturns. Mesoarchean mantle degassing is considered the most likely key process for transport of gold by anhydrous fluids as indicated by CH₄ and H₂ inclusions in CLIPPIR diamonds. The lithosphere-scale Colesberg suture on the western margin of the Witwatersrand Basin, the entry for sedimentary fans during deposition of the Central Rand gold reefs and carbon leaders, represents reactivation of a subduction zone during breakup of Ur at ca. 3.0–2.9 Ga. It is proposed that this suture, recognized as a break in lithosphere profiles, acted as the conduit for CH₄ and H₂ fluids carrying Au in metal hydrides to the mid-upper mantle where CH₄ and H₂ dissociated to form hydrocarbons which extracted additional Au from mantle sulfides. The gold and hydrocarbons were then exhaled on to the western hinterland of the Witwatersrand Basin to provide the anomalous quantity of Au and C required to explain both the Witwatersrand endowment and why such a unique conjunction of factors has never occurred again in Earth history, although most subsequent primary gold-rich deposits are also now considered to have had a mantle connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoproterozoic rift-related volcanism and associated ore mineralization in the Alwar Basin, India","authors":"R. Sajeev ,&nbsp;Dinesh Pandit ,&nbsp;M. Santosh ,&nbsp;Cheng-Xue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alwar Basin, located within the North Delhi Fold Belt (NDFB) of India, is a key area to study the processes of Precambrian geological history and related mineralization. In this study, we document two discrete pulses of volcanic activity in the Alwar Basin, dated at 1.865 ± 0.021 Ga and 1.635 ± 0.017 Ga, recorded by weighted‐mean zircon U–Pb ages. These episodic eruptions generated a compositional spectrum from basalt through rhyolite, emplacing volcanic sequences in a shallow‐marine, within‐plate rift environment. Subsequent percolation of metal‐rich hydrothermal fluids – driven by sustained heat flux and extensional fracturing – focused along stratigraphic contacts and pre‐existing weak planes, precipitating Cu–Pb–Zn sulfide mineralization within quartz–carbonate veins. Geochemical signatures, including peraluminous major‐ and trace‐element patterns and characteristic REE anomalies, further attest to syn-rift magma evolution and crustal assimilation. This pulsatory volcanism and linked hydrothermal activity were pivotal in concentrating base metals, revealing the interplay between Precambrian rifting and ore genesis in the North Delhi Fold Belt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining MCDM and geospatial techniques to identify groundwater potential zones and trend analysis of rainfall and well water level data: An investigation in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts","authors":"Swarnim,&nbsp;Jayant Nath Tripathi,&nbsp;Irjesh Sonker,&nbsp;Ritesh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research employed remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to figure out the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, where groundwater is heavily exploited for agriculture and urbanisation and government policies being implemented for enhancing the groundwater level. The study region contains both (confined and unconfined) type of groundwater. The following variables were utilised to produce groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) maps: geology, precipitation, geomorphology, soil texture, lineament frequency, slope, drainage density, topographic wetness index (TWI), land use and land cover and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI).</div><div>Prior to the fusion of the layers, multicollinearity assessments were performed to ascertain the accuracy of the predictive outcome. The chosen themes were included into a GIS platform with a weighted linear combination, with distinct weights allocated to different themes through the multi-influencing factor (MIF) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodologies. Based on the groundwater prospective zones, the research area was divided into three groups: high potential, moderate potential, and low potential zones. Groundwater potential zones are sequentially identified by the MIF method as follows: High (16.35%; 1173.79 km²), Moderate (76.28%; 5477.24 km²), and Low (7.38%; 529.64 km²), while the AHP method identifies the same zones as follows: High (10.01%; 717.87 km²), Moderate (80.92%; 5810.41 km²), and Low (9.09%; 652.40 km²) in a consecutive manner. The accuracy of the maps was determined by comparing them to well water level data using the receivers operating characteristic curve (ROC). The AHP and MIF approaches yielded accuracy rates of 79.9% and 77% respectively. According to the trend analysis of rainfall for 34 years and water level of wells of 26 years for post-monsoon and pre-monsoon season the rainfall is increasing and groundwater level is decreasing. The GWPZ assessment and monitoring techniques are accurate and fair. Thus, this research is essential for creating a more efficient framework that can speed up groundwater recharge analysis and guide the installation of artificial recharge structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Late Cretaceous paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of the Agbaja Plateau, Bida Basin, Nigeria: An inorganic geochemical analysis of shales and implications for organic matter enrichment","authors":"Olusola J. Ojo ,&nbsp;Suraju A. Adepoju ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Awe ,&nbsp;Moses O. Adeoye ,&nbsp;Emmanuel G. Olumayede ,&nbsp;Otobong S. Ndukwe ,&nbsp;Sikiru O. Abdulraman ,&nbsp;Abdulrazaq K. Haruna ,&nbsp;Yusuf A. Jimoh","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bulk geochemical composition of the shale samples of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation exposed at the Agbaja Plateau, southern Bida Basin, Nigeria was studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICPMS) techniques. The objectives of this study are to decipher their paleoenvironment, palaeoclimate and examine the influence of the paleogeographic conditions on the hydrocarbon source rock potential. The geochemical proxies indicate that the shales were deposited under oxic and warm and humid conditions. The plots of V/(V + Ni) vs. U/Th and Ni/Co vs. U/Th support the oxic setting for the shales. The slight Ce anomalies (0.93–1.26), ΣREE (39.40–1607.37 ppm) and (La/Yb)_N ratio (4.11–10.78 ppm) are in support of the sub-oxic to oxic condition. The studied shales show Th/U values from 1.98 to 4.38 which indicates prevalence of high primary paleoproductivity. The clustering of the analyzed samples near the A-K line in the A-CN-K (Al₂O₃-CaO + Na₂O-K₂O) ternary diagram depicts an intense chemical weathering in the source region. In conclusion, the obtained paleogeographic scenario in the study area (warm temperature, high precipitation, oxic to dysoxic condition, and moderate to high primary paleoproductivity) typical of the west Africa upper Cretaceous and freshwater to brackish water environment would have supported the development of moderate organic matter rich source beds with potential for gas and oil in the Bida Basin. This study has underscored the significance of understanding the interplay between sedimentary environment, organic productivity and organic matter enrichment in predicting and exploring hydrocarbon source rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the application of geophysical methods in civil engineering studies","authors":"A.A. Akinlalu ,&nbsp;M.M. Futai ,&nbsp;D.O. Afolabi ,&nbsp;R.M. Abraham-A","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviewed the application of geophysical methods in civil engineering projects by way of subsurface characterization by examining more than 75 publications in peer–reviewed journals. The paper highlighted various geological conditions considered in engineering site characterization and the appropriate geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, self-potential, induced polarization, electromagnetic, multichannel analysis of surface waves and magnetic methods used in subsurface characterization. Case studies drawn from 26 publications were presented to show the successful application of geophysical methods in subsurface characterization in relation to civil engineering projects. The paper also highlighted the challenges of geophysical data in civil engineering projects involving ambiguities in data interpretation, complexity in data processing and high noise to signal ratio in culturally noisy environments. Resolutions in the limitations and challenges of geophysical methods in civil engineering characterization were also offered in the paper, chief among them is integrated use of geophysical methods which has gained traction in recent years. Further solutions are incorporating appropriate band pass filters in the design of geophysical equipment’s to enhance signal to noise ratio in culturally noisy environments. Future researches in the use of geophysical methods in subsurface characterization in relation to civil engineering projects should involve joint inversion and modelling of integrated geophysical methods to achieve optimum results for subsurface imaging. Future researches should also incorporate the integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques, which enhance automated interpretation, facilitate anomaly detection, and enable real-time geophysical monitoring in civil infrastructure applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleo-weathering and paleoclimate of the Miocene syn-rift sandstones in the Midyan Basin, NW Saudi Arabia: Petrographic and geochemical constrains","authors":"Madyan A. Yahya ,&nbsp;Hamdalla A. Wanas ,&nbsp;Faisal A. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Amara Masrouhi ,&nbsp;Murad R. Abdulfarraj","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the provenance, tectonic setting, paleo-weathering, and paleoclimate of sandstones of the syn-rift Oligocene?-Middle-Miocene Sharik and Nutaysh formations in the Midyan Basin, located in the northwestern portion of Saudi Arabia. This has been achieved by a multidisciplinary approach combining fieldwork, petrographic analysis, and bulk-rock geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) of sandstones of the Sharik and Nutaysh formations. Integrated petrographic and geochemical data indicate that the studied sandstones are predominantly of sublithic and subarkose arenites. These sandstones were mainly derived from felsic plutonic igneous (mainly granite) and volcanic (mainly andesite and rhyolite tuff) rocks, with a lesser contribution from recycled sedimentary (mainly sandstone, mudrock and chert) and metamorphic (mainly gneiss) sources. These source rocks are typical of a craton interior with notable input from transitional continental and quartzose recycled orogenic tectonic provenance. They were belonged to the nearby Neoproterozoic basement rocks located in the northwest of the study area, as indicated by paleocurrent direction. These source rocks were tecttonically linked to an active continental margin to a continental island arc. These tectonic settings were subsequently influenced by rifting, as evidenced by discrimination function diagrams based on the high-and low-silica sandstone samples. In terms of paleoweathering and paleoclimate,the studied sandstones experienced a week to moderate chemical weathering under semi-arid to semi-humid climatic condition (low to moderate rainfall ranges from 250 to 1000 mm per year). With respect to tectono-sedimentary evolution, the alluvial sandstones of the Sharik Formation were deposited during the initial stages of continental extension and gradual subsidence linked to the early syn-rift phase in the Oligocene?-Early Miocene. The deposition of the deep-sea sandstones of the Nutaysh Formation were deposited during a period of accelerated subsidence in the Early-Middle Miocene, corresponding to the rift climax. Findings of the present study is consistent with the Oligo-Miocene broader tectono-sedimentary evolution of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}