Geohazard Mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Macro-micro investigation of catastrophic damage and durability degradation in anchorage structures under corrosion","authors":"Aiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yibo Wu ,&nbsp;Benjiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyang Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To thoroughly investigate the damage evolution of anchorage structures under corrosive conditions, laboratory simulations of corrosive environments were conducted, including corrosion tests and mechanical performance evaluations on anchorage systems. Based on experimental results, relationships were analyzed between factors (prestress, pH value, and anti-corrosion methods) and the corrosion degree, macro-micro characteristics, and mechanical performance degradation patterns of specimens. The results of the test indicated that: (1) the corrosion of coal bodies increases over time, and lower pH environments correspond to lower uniaxial compressive strength of coal bodies; (2) the corrosion of the rock bolts increases over time, the maximum mechanical performance in the rock bolts loss occurs at pH ​= ​5.0, and higher prestress of the rock bolts leads to greater mechanical degradation, and galvanization effectively reduces corrosion in functional rock bolts; (3) the degree of corrosion in the anchorage bodies has increases over time, pH ​= ​5.0 causes maximum bond strength of the anchorage bodies property loss and increases the prestress in the anchorage bodies exacerbates bond strength degradation, and double anti-protected anchorage bodies show less bond strength loss than ordinary ones. The corrosion-induced structural deterioration of underground anchorage systems leads to significant mechanical performance degradation, potentially causing support failure, surrounding rock instability, and roof fall disasters. Greater attention therefore needs to be paid to this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic characterisation of sandstone exposed to high temperature-water cooling cycle treatments under the impact loading: from the perspective of geohazard","authors":"Lei Hong ,&nbsp;Wen Wang ,&nbsp;Xuewen Cao ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Song ,&nbsp;XiaoWei Lu ,&nbsp;Shu Jiang ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) improve geothermal energy extraction but can rapidly cool high-temperature rocks, leading to internal fractures that weaken mechanical properties and pose risks such as well collapses and seismic events. Understanding the physico-mechanical changes in dry hot rocks, particularly sandstone, when high-temperature water cooling cycles is essential. This study examines the dynamic behavior of sandstone through impact tests at varying temperatures and cycles. Results show that as temperature and cycle count increased, peak dynamic stress decreased while dynamic strain increased. A critical temperature range of 500–600 ​°C was identified, beyond which significant changes in dynamic stress and strain occurred, indicating severe damage to the specimens’ stability. High-temperature water cooling cycles enhanced energy reflectivity and dissipated energy, reducing transmittance. The study revealed that between 200 and 400 ​°C, tensile damage predominated, while between 500 and 600 ​°C, compression-shear damage was dominant. Increasing temperature and cycles led to more extensive cracking and increased rock fragmentation. These findings provide a basis for assessing the stability of sandstone and offer theoretical insights into mechanical properties, energy transfer, and crack propagation in geothermal energy extraction, aiding in the prevention of geological disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 87-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Difference of “whole-process and stages” response law of energy evolution regulated by high energy storage rock modification","authors":"Xingping Lai ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiantao Cao ,&nbsp;Yao Sun ,&nbsp;Feilong Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aiming at the technical problems of regional rock burst control and disaster reduction, the indoor comparative tests of three kinds of variables are designed, involving water content, borehole diameter and borehole filling materials. This research analyzed the characteristics of the whole process of energy evolution of rock impacted by different regulation methods, and revealed the differences and applicable conditions of different regulation methods in reducing the impact mechanism. The results show that different control methods can effectively change the mechanical parameters of the target object. There are significant stage differences in the energy evolution of impact rocks. By constructing the energy conversion efficiency model, the study further elaborated on the water injection softening mechanism of \"release first and then weaken\", the drilling pressure relief mechanism of \"guide first and then release\" and the filling strengthening regulation mechanism of \"release first and then absorb\". The study of the optimal application conditions of different control measures provides an important basis for the regulation and disaster reduction of rock burst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of ultra-high tensile-strength polyurea for underground roof fall support: Insights from work of adhesion","authors":"Bobin Hou,&nbsp;Haozhe Xing,&nbsp;Songlin Yue,&nbsp;Zhongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yanqyu Qiu,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground mining often faces the threat of roof fall disaster. As a new type of supporting technology, thin spray-on liner (TSL) has gained an increasing attention in underground mining due to its notable tensile strength, elongation capability, and bond strength with rock surfaces. To evaluate the roof fall support performance of TSL based on a novel ultra-high tensile-strength polyurea, tensile adhesive strength between polyurea and rock substrates were tested under different thicknesses, curing conditions, substrate strength, primer and coating method. Meanwhile, this study proposed a new testing method for dynamic tensile adhesive strength between TSL material and rock. The results indicate that the adhesive strength is inversely proportional to the square root of the coating thickness. When the curing time exceeds 7 days, the adhesive strength remains relatively constant. As the curing temperature/humidity increases, the adhesive strength gradually increases. But when the humidity exceeds 70%, the adhesive strength significantly decreases. Since the soft rock has the tensile strength that even lower than the adhesive strength, polyurea-based TSL is more suitable for harder rock from the perspective of adhesive strength. The application of a primer significantly improves the tensile adhesive strength more than 10 ​MPa. When the coating thickness is less than 2 ​mm, the adhesive strength of sprayed polyurea is significantly higher than that of brushed polyurea. Dynamic adhesive strength exhibits an insignificant loading rate effect with DIF ranging from 1.05 to 1.34. Based on the adhesion results, a supporting model was established, assessing the capability of supporting roof loose rock mass by polyurea-based TSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 28-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and rock masses in Russia","authors":"V.V. Makarov ,&nbsp;M.A. Guzev ,&nbsp;V.N. Odintsev","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A brief overview of the basic principles of geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and masses is presented. The historical path of formation of this new scientific branch of the classical geomechanics is shown. The scales and structural levels of the geomedium failure are identified. The issues of adequate mathematical models at various geomedium structural levels developing, as well as methods for determining the parameters of these models are considered. The object, subject, methods and principles of geomechanics of highly compressed rocks and masses are formulated as a complex discipline at the intersection of classical geomechanics and mesomechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 42-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the damage accumulation mechanisms of landslides in earthquake-prone area: Role of loading-unloading cycles","authors":"Ling Zhu ,&nbsp;Luguang Luo ,&nbsp;Shenghua Cui ,&nbsp;Zhihao He ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Liangxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Decai Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating rock damage behavior is crucial for understanding the formation mechanisms of fractured slopes in earthquake-prone areas. However, the current understanding of the nonlinear damage processes and mechanisms of rocks under cyclic loading is insufficient. This study investigated the damage behaviors of metamorphic sandstone, granite, and phyllite under cyclic loading using acoustic emission (AE), infrared thermal imaging, and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The experimental results demonstrated that the damage variables based on AE counts, infrared radiation temperature variance (IRTV), and surface deformation variance (SDV) increased with increasing cycles and stress levels. The temperature variation was influenced by lithology and the types of original pores and microcracks. The lag ratio and average lag time of the SDV effectively evaluated the progressive damage process. Specific damage mechanisms were identified, including the “compaction-embedment effect” in metamorphic sandstone, the “crystal incompatible deformation-fracture effect” in granite, and the “defective fracture effect” in phyllite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability prevention and control of waste dump slopes with different consolidation degrees under the influence of rainfall","authors":"Cun Zhang ,&nbsp;Shangxin Fang ,&nbsp;Yongle Wang ,&nbsp;Xutao Shi ,&nbsp;Zhitang Yao ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The stability and management of waste dump slopes are pivotal research topics in geotechnical engineering and have long posed central challenges in coal mine ecological restoration. Controlling the stability of waste dump slopes is challenging due to the influence of time, rainfall, stacking height, and angle on the consolidation degrees of coal gangue. On the basis of those mentioned above, the study focuses on the waste dump slope of Dongpo Coal Mine as the primary research subject. A consolidation model is developed to dynamically adjust key parameters of coal gangue based on varying degrees of consolidation, burial depth, and stress. The results of coal gangue solidification experiments was used to further develop the constitutive model of FLAC3D software. The characteristic of coal gangue with varying consolidation degrees in response to burial depth and stress variations can be realized. The stability of the waste dump slope under different slope angles, continuous rainfall, and various support measures were simulated. The threshold values for slope angle and rainfall duration that precipitate slope failure were determined. The relationship of slope angle (<em>θ</em>), rainfall duration (<em>t</em>), and slope safety factor (<em>Fs</em>) was elucidated and a comprehensive comparative analysis of four prevalent slope support measures was performed. The research findings indicate that with an increase in slope angle, the slope safety factor demonstrates an inversely proportional trend of decline, suggesting that the slope angle of Dongpo Coal Mine waste dump should be reduced from the original 42°–33°. At a slope angle of 33°, the slope reaches the instability threshold after five days of continuous rainfall, with the slope safety factor steadily decreasing and stabilizing as the rainfall duration prolongs. Finally, a combined support measure of three-dimensional grid planting and slope protection piles for waste dump slopes were proposed, which has yielded excellent results in field applications. This research offers valuable insights for the evaluation and management of waste dump slope stability across different consolidation degrees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect hazard evaluation by the prediction of backbreak distance in the open pit mine using support vector regression and chicken swarm optimization","authors":"Enming Li ,&nbsp;Zongguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Manoj Khandelwal ,&nbsp;Zhi Yu ,&nbsp;Masoud Monjezi","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Backbreak is one of the undesirable phenomena in open-pit mines and causes several adverse hazards, such as lanslide, rock falling off and bench instability. Backbreak is influenced by many factors, such as rock properties, blasting design and local geology, so it is very difficult to assess and evaluate backbreak accurately. Therefore, controlling and accurate prediction of backbreak distance are crucial tasks to reduce hazards in open-pit mines. For this, soft computing-based techniques are considered to be an effective means, as they can integrate various sophisticated factors into a function to predict and evaluate backbreak distance. So, in this study, support vector regression (SVR) based techniques and three different types of bio-inspired meta-heuristic (BIMH) algorithms, such as chicken swarm optimization (CSO), whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), are used to develop backbreak distance prediction models. The support vector regression is used as a regression tool and BIMH algorithms are used to optimize the hyper-parameters in the support vector regression. Four different types of evaluation metrics are utilized to assess the model performance, namely coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>²), mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and variance account for (VAF). An integrated evaluation system is adopted to provide overall performance for each backbreak prediction scenario. It can be indicated that CSO-SVR based backbreak prediction models can procure the best comprehensive performance and also show the best calculation efficiency. Detailed results include <em>R</em>², VAF, MSE and MAE equal to 0.99475, 0.034, 99.477 and 0.1553 for a testing set and 0.97450, 0.1633, 97.466, and 0.1914 for a training set which can be said to be an excellent prediction result. By doing this, the hazard risk induced by backbreak can be indirectly assessed. In addition, it is also found that some superior performance can be obtained in some evaluation metrics compared with previous studies which utilized the same backbreak dataset for prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induced mechanism of tunnel rockbursts based on dynamic buckling of rock plates","authors":"Jian Deng ,&nbsp;Yanglin Gong ,&nbsp;Shaojun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockburst, characterized by a sudden and violent rock failure resulting in the expulsion of rock from its surroundings, poses a significant threat to the safety of tunnel excavation operations, often causing property damage and injuries to workers. Buckling has been identified as a critical mechanism leading to rockbursts. Seismic events or blasting can induce rockbursts when stress waves reach the free surface of underground openings. This paper aims to investigate the induced mechanism of tunnel rockbursts based on the dynamic buckling of rectangular rock plates. As a rock stress wave approaches a tunnel sidewall, it decomposes into perpendicular and parallel component loads relative to the free surface. The perpendicular stress reflects off the free surface, forming a rectangular thin plate of rock. The parallel stress triggers parametric resonance in the plate, resulting in a tunnel rockburst. An illustrative example of tunnel sidewall rockbursts in Jinping II hydropower project, China, is provided to study the effects of stress wave amplitude and frequency, static and dynamic components, rock damping, multiple frequencies, and vibration modes. Based on this mechanism analysis, recommendations are proposed to mitigate the risk of tunnel rockbursts. The research offers a plausible explanation for the heightened frequency and severity of rockbursts in Tunnel Boring Machine tunnels compared to New Austrian Tunneling Method tunnels at the Jinping II project for the first time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability prediction of roadway surrounding rock using INGO-RF","authors":"Xinchao Cui ,&nbsp;Hongfei Duan ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Yun Qi ,&nbsp;Kailong Xue ,&nbsp;Qingjie Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghm.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to more accurately classify the stability of roadway surrounding rock and identify dangerous areas in a timely manner to prevent roadway collapse and other disasters, this study proposes an Improved Northern Gok algorithm (INGO) and Random Forest (RF) roadway surrounding rock stability prediction model. This model combines the improved INGO-RF based on the analysis of influencing factors of roadway surrounding rock stability. First, three strategies were employed to enhance the Northern Gob algorithm (NGO): logistic chaotic mapping, refraction reverse learning, and improved sine and cosine. Subsequently, INGO was utilized to optimize the number of decision trees and the minimum number of leaf nodes for RF species in order to improve the prediction accuracy of RF. Secondly, a data set consisting of 34 groups of roadway surrounding rock data is selected. The input indexes of the model include the roof strength, two-wall strength, floor strength, burial depth, roadway pillar width, ratio of direct roof thickness to mining height, and surrounding rock integrity. Meanwhile, surrounding rock stability is considered as the output index. Particle swarm optimization backpropagation neural network (PSO-BPNN), genetic algorithm optimization support vector machine (GA-SVM), Sparrow Search Algorithm optimization RF (SSA-RF) models were introduced to compare the predictive results with the INGO-RF model, and the results showed that: INGO-RF model has the best performance in the comparison of various performance indicators; compared with other models, the accuracy rate (<em>Ac</em>) in the test set has increased by 0.12–0.40, the accuracy rate (<em>Pr</em>) has increased by 0.07–0.65, and the recall rate (<em>Re</em>) has increased by 0.08–0.37; the harmonic mean (<em>F</em>₁-<em>Score</em>) of the recall rate increased by 0.08–0.52, the mean absolute error (MAE) decreased by 0.1428–0.4285, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) decreased by 7.15%–28.57 ​%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 0.1565–0.3779; and finally, the data on surrounding rock conditions of roadways in multiple mining areas in Shanxi Province were collected to test the INGO-RF model. The results indicate that the predicted outcomes closely align with the actual results, demonstrating a certain level of reliability and stability, which can better meet the practical needs of engineering and avoid the occurrence of mine disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100580,"journal":{"name":"Geohazard Mechanics","volume":"2 4","pages":"Pages 270-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}