Fuel Communications最新文献

{"title":"Numerical and experimental study of product gas characteristics in premixed ammonia/methane/air laminar flames stabilised in a stagnation flow","authors":"Marina Kovaleva ,&nbsp;Akihiro Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Sophie Colson ,&nbsp;Ekenechukwu C. Okafor ,&nbsp;Taku Kudo ,&nbsp;Agustin Valera-Medina ,&nbsp;Hideaki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adoption of ammonia/hydrocarbon fuel blends can be viewed as an intermediate step towards a hydrogen economy, hence the characterization of methane/ammonia flame product gas trends is essential for designing combustors for a broader range of low-carbon fuel blends while fulfilling strict NOx requirements. This paper describes the product gas content of laminar premixed ammonia/methane flames for a range of equivalence ratios and ammonia heat ratios ranging from 10% to 60%, using a strain stabilized burner at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The optimal condition to reduce NOx emissions while maintaining below 100 ppm of unburnt NH₃ emissions was found to be at equivalence ratio of 1.20 for higher ammonia ratios, moving incrementally closer over 1.35 as the methane fuel content was increased. Meanwhile, the highest measured NO values were ∼6,950 ppm at an equivalence ratio of 0.9, peaking at heat ratios of 30% to 40% at this equivalence ratio. Detailed reaction mechanisms were evaluated against the experimental data and rate constants of NO production/consumption steps featuring both NH and HNO intermediates and thermal NOx reactions were updated for Okafor's mechanism. Changes in reaction rate constants improved the mechanism accuracy for NO emissions in lean to stoichiometric flames. Meanwhile, in the rich region, modelled NO values were less responsive to changes in reaction constants, suggesting the need for an alternative approach to improve NO predictions for rich, high methane content flames. However, N₂O performance in the rich region could be improved, highlighting the significance of the HNO+CO<span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span>NH+CO₂ reaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052022000061/pdfft?md5=d811fe69889ad79ff570008a0b6026b4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052022000061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75736097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limited storage and recovery of adsorbed gas in shale reservoirs - Insights from experiments and production modeling","authors":"Venkat S. Pathi,&nbsp;Clay Kurison,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Hakami,&nbsp;Ahmed O. Fataierge","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas in thermally mature shale reservoirs is considered to exist as adsorbed volume in organic matter and free gas within pores and voids in natural fractures. Gas in-place is derived from summation of aforementioned volumes. Although industry has adopted laboratory-based adsorption isotherms, quantification is still uncertain and questions on recoverability still linger. This study reevaluated in-place adsorbed gas and post-stimulation recovery. Two proprietary laboratories, using small and large mesh sizes, generated different adsorption isotherms for comparable samples of a Middle East source rock. In addition, review of published experimental studies led to the realization that confining pressures as those <em>in situ</em> were seldomy replicated and derived isotherms exhibited wide variability. A hypothetical scenario, using benchmarked adsorption isotherms illustrated impacts of unreliable adsorbed volume quantification on total gas in-place. From analysis of well production for three shales, matrix transient linear flow persisted for extended periods without indicating influence of boundaries. The flow regime is often matched by considering only free gas porosity. Using a sector model with 1.0 nanodarcy (nD) system permeability in reservoir simulation, a considerable proportion of the adopted grid remained above a benchmarked average critical desorption pressure after long-term post-stimulation drainage. Thus, desorption could be of limited significance in shale production if the flow model was appropriate. This study illustrated uncertainties in traditional concepts for shale gas storage and recovery. Realistic quantification of in-place adsorbed gas was found to require tailoring of laboratory protocols to account for crushed sample sizes and confinement that should match subsurface conditions such as effective vertical stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052021000327/pdfft?md5=13a49744dc5b7b91ccaa10ea360c72cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052021000327-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76058288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convective thermohydraulic heat transfer enhancement of mixed dimpled geometries in rectangular channel","authors":"S.A. Aasa ,&nbsp;A.S. Shote ,&nbsp;S.O. Giwa ,&nbsp;M. Sharifpur","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various interior techniques to enhance the local heat transfer are essential for improved performance of appliances. The high-pressure penalties created by these applied passive techniques cause high power consumption and lower the pumping power. This research presents the simulation of four (4) different compound angled dimples, which are presented in this research; Case 1: 90-Circular-45-Oval dimple (90-C-45-O); Case 2: 45-Oval-90-Circular dimple (45-O-90C); Case 3: 60-Oval-90-Circular dimple (60-O-90-C); Case 4: 90-Circular-60-Oval dimple (90-C-60-O). The oval dimple print diameter, <em>D</em> = 20 mm, and the circular dimple print diameter, <em>d</em> = 10 mm. The objectives are to investigate the influence of mixed geometries with varying locations and orientation angles of the dimples. The pressure drops and heat transfer measurements are extracted using the Star-CCM+ CFD simulation bench RANS model. It was revealed that friction factor ratio, (f/fo) increases with the Reynolds number, and at the minimum of Re 1000, a 25% increment is observed, while 71% increment is noted for 11,000 Re. Case 2 has optimal effects compared to cases 3, 2 and 1. The Nusselt number ratio (Nu/Nuo) increases with Re with at least a 26% increment at 1000 Re for Case 1. Case 4 dimple arrangement is observed to be least performing arrangement with 12 – 22% Nusselt number increment. Also, the thermal performance quantified by (Nu/Nuo) / (f/fo)^1/3 is the highest for the angle of Case 2 for all Re &gt; 2000. The results thus contribute to engineering applications with thermal performance based on varying angle, and heat transfer enhancement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052021000376/pdfft?md5=fa03efcecffe600acb8f8067cd1ea7de&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052021000376-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76600848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A detailed chemical insights into the kinetics of diethyl ether enhancing ammonia combustion and the importance of NOx recycling mechanism","authors":"Krishna Prasad Shrestha ,&nbsp;Binod Raj Giri ,&nbsp;Ayman M Elbaz ,&nbsp;Gani Issayev ,&nbsp;William L Roberts ,&nbsp;Lars Seidel ,&nbsp;Fabian Mauss ,&nbsp;Aamir Farooq","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigated the combustion characteristics of ammonia (NH₃) by blending it with various proportions of diethyl ether (DEE). We measured laminar flame speed of various NH₃/DEE blends (DEE, 10–40% by mole) using a constant volume spherical vessel at <em>T</em>_i = 298 K and <em>P</em>_i = 3 and 5 bar and Φ = 0.8–1.3. We developed a detailed kinetic model to describe the trends of the current and previously published experimental data. For the robustness of the model, we first developed a comprehensive diethyl ether kinetic mechanism to accurately characterize neat DEE oxidation behavior. We validated the kinetic model using a large pool of experimental data comprising shock tube, rapid compression machine, jet-stirred and flow reactors, freely propagating, and burner-stabilized premixed flames. The developed kinetic model performs remarkably in capturing the combustion behavior of pure DEE and NH₃. Importantly, our model captures the experimental data of laminar flame speed and ignition delay times of various NH₃/DEE blends over a wide range of conditions. We found that DEE is a promising candidate to promote the combustion characteristics of NH₃. A small portion of DEE (10%) enhances the laminar flame speed of NH₃ by a factor of 2 at <em>P</em>_i = 1 bar, <em>T</em>_i = 298 K, and Φ = 1.0. A further doubling of the DEE mole fraction to 20% did not enhance the laminar flame speed of NH₃ with the same propensity. At low temperatures, adding 5% DEE in NH₃ blend has significantly expedited the system reactivity by lowering the autoignition temperature. A further 5% increment of DEE (i.e., 10% DEE in NH₃) lowers the autoignition temperature by ∼120 K to achieve the same ignition delay time. The “NO<img>NO₂” looping mechanism predominantly drives such reactivity accelerating effect. Here, the reactions, NO + HO₂ = NO₂ + OH and NO₂ + H = NO + OH, appear to enhance the reactive radical pool by generating OH radicals. We observed that the HNO path is favored more with increasing DEE content which eventually liberates NO. Other key reactions in “NO<img>NO₂” looping mechanism are: CH₃ + NO₂ = CH₃O + NO, CH₃O₂ + NO = CH₃O + NO₂, C₂H₅ + NO₂ = C₂H₅O + NO, C₂H₅O₂ + NO = C₂H₅O + NO₂. In addition, CH₃ + NH₂(+M) = CH₃NH₂(+M) reaction is also one of the important cross-reactions which leads to the formation of HCN. Therefore, cross-reactions between the nitrogen and carbon family are crucial in accurately predicting autoignition timing. This work provides a detailed chemical insight into the NH₃ and DE","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052022000036/pdfft?md5=145b7ee0378f5991713b511298874524&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052022000036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82931863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-emission assessment of building ceilings from agro-industrial wastes","authors":"Joseph O Dirisu ,&nbsp;Sunday O Oyedepo ,&nbsp;Ojo Sunday Isaac Fayomi ,&nbsp;Olufunmilayo O. Joseph ,&nbsp;Esther T. Akinlabi ,&nbsp;Philip O. Babalola ,&nbsp;Nduka E. Udoye ,&nbsp;Oluseyi O. Ajayi ,&nbsp;Abraham K. Aworinde ,&nbsp;Solomon O. Banjo ,&nbsp;K.M Oluwasegun","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most of the building ceiling tiles used today from studies, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composite ceilings, cardboard, plywood, particleboard, are flame friendly. Except for asbestos, which is confirmed to emit asbestosis, cancer from asbestos; already warned by the Environmental Protection Agencies and other health standard organizations. Studies have shown inherent harmful elements associated with the use of PVC Ceiling composite, plant-based ceiling, and asbestos, which propagate noxious emission at the instance of fire; their widespread use is quite enormous. The noxious behaviour during an inferno is a representation of the elemental make-up of these ceiling materials. Moreover, their vulnerability due to emission and combustion threat call for alternative materials with eco-friendly constituents for building ceiling applications. Problems associated with these building ceilings during fire include noxious gaseous emissions; fuel for the flame from ignition from other roof frame structures; after flame effect of inhaling poisonous gasses against the recommended exposure limit of 35 ppm by the World Health Organization (WHO). Flame retardance is credited to asbestos. However, for other ceiling tiles, some of the challenges of high heat flux, high thermal conductivity, and combustibility tendencies, are still current issues. The undesirable side effects of using ceiling tiles have necessitated a replacement with suitable flame retardant and eco-friendly influences. This is made to bear by appropriate material selection and by employing industrial wastes and agricultural wastes coupled with suitable binders to solve flame propagation challenges. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a flame retardant ceiling composite that will solve the identified anomalies in the existing ceiling tiles in the market in building industries. The developed materials are tested for thermal and emission characteristics to ascertain their integrity by employing advanced test equipment. The result shows that there are low values in thermal conductivity of the developed building ceiling samples. Sample 2 has the lowest value compared to the developed and existing ceiling tiles, much &lt; 0.0802 W/mK, which is a desirable property in ceiling application. Low thermal diffusivity is required to suppress flame propagation. This is exhibited by sample 1, with a value of 0.85 × 10⁻⁸ m²/s as the lowest amongst developed ceiling samples The result showed null and negligible SO₂ detection for all samples. The three samples' time to attain pre-set temperature varies in the ascending order of sample 1 at 24 min, sample 3 at 37 min, and sample 2 at 42 min. Sample 3, _0.6Aldr_0.34Cmt_0.05G_0.01OBS<strong>;</strong> Sample 2, _0.6Aldr_0.32Cmt_0.05G_0.03OBS and sample 1, _0.6Aldr₀.₃Cmt_0.05G_0.05OBS are in","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052021000352/pdfft?md5=1e42836e2c85dc3e2ded328f65cefb9c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052021000352-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89146937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small hydropower as a source of clean and local energy in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges","authors":"Collins O. Ugwu ,&nbsp;Paul A. Ozor ,&nbsp;C. Mbohwa","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Just as the need for air is inevitable in our everyday existence, energy is consumed in every sector of any nation at every second. Due to the increase in technological advancements and high population growth rate, among other factors, in the world today, there is the need for more energy than in the past centuries. Therefore, one of the best solutions to address this issue of increasing energy demand in Nigeria is harnessing the enormous small hydropower potential sites that is scattered in many parts of the nation. It is unfortunate that out of over 278 potential sites with 734.3 MW potential capacity, Nigeria has yet explored only 37.0MW. It is noteworthy that the SHP scheme has its own challenges especially in developing nations. For instance, it is reported to have high capital investment. This challenge is offset by the fact that it incurs little operation and maintenance costs. It has very high payback ratio which proves it to be a cheap source of energy. Furthermore, it is a clean and local source of energy that is reliable, affordable and predictable due to the consistency in the availability of water in rivers and its ability to be integrated with existing projects. Such multi-purpose schemes that can be integrated with the SHP schemes while guaranteeing its primary function include; irrigation network, drinking water reservoirs, wastewater treatment plants, etc. It also has the potential to create many job opportunities and also enhance women development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266605202100039X/pdfft?md5=e976ac047bbac35b172831114e286a28&pid=1-s2.0-S266605202100039X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73464177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of multi-walled CNTs suspended with hydrocarbon refrigerant (R600a) and lubricating oil in vapour compression refrigeration system","authors":"T.O Babarinde ,&nbsp;D.M Madyira ,&nbsp;P.M Mashinini ,&nbsp;G.T Marangwanda","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A single evaporator household refrigerator with a total volume of 70 L is used to evaluate multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) nanolubricant as a drop-in replacement for pure lubricant. Continuous running on the refrigerator is done with varying concentrations of multi-walled CNTs nanolubricant and different mass charges of R600a. The results show that using R600a with multi-walled CNTs nanolubricant concentration of 0.4 g/L to 0.6 g/L and a charge of 50 g to 60 g more result in a decreased pull downtime and evaporator temperature of -8 and -11 °C, respectively. Using 0.4 g/L multi-walled CNTs nanolubricant and 50 g of R600a, the lowest electric energy usage is attained. Higher refrigeration is attained with this combination. The pull-down time is lower and also the power consumption of the refrigerator is lower than those of pure lubricant in the refrigerator by about 25.9 %, 20.2 %, and 13.7 % for 50 g, 60 g, and 70 g, respectively, while using multi-walled CNTs nanolubricant of 04 g/L to 0.6 g/L. Finally, the proposed multi-walled CNTs nanolubricant appears to be a good choice for replacing pure lubricant in the refrigerator.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052021000297/pdfft?md5=527fc3923014c1e0d13e658aa1edc2ab&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052021000297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81344792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on the recent advances on ammonia combustion from the fundamentals to the applications","authors":"Ayman M. Elbaz,&nbsp;Shixing Wang,&nbsp;Thibault F. Guiberti,&nbsp;William L. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a fueling vector, ammonia is gaining more interest for future power generation, transportation and heating systems. Compared to typical hydrocarbons, ammonia's low reactivity characteristics and higher NOx emissions limit its practical implementation. However, the current need for decarbonization of the energy sector puts ammonia as an energy vector and carrier at the far front, making overcoming the challenges of ammonia utilization necessary. In late 2018, Kobayashi <em>et al</em>. presented a review article on the science and technology of ammonia combustion. In continuing their effort, this review is aimed towards giving the most recent updates in ammonia combustion. The article starts with the importance of ammonia as an energy carrier and covers the fundamentals of ammonia combustion. We then present recent activities for addressing the low ammonia reactivity and its impact on NOx emissions. In addition, the chemical kinetics of ammonia oxidation is presented through a discussion of recently proposed chemical kinetics mechanisms. This section emphasizes the role of crucial reaction differences, the updates in the NOx and De-NOx pathways, NH_i recombination reactions and H₂NO chemistry. Towards utilising ammonia in gas turbines and industrial applications, this review discusses recent efforts and various NO mitigation strategies. This work systematically summarizes the fundamentals of ammonia-based combustion and its application. It serves as a reference for the transition of ammonia into future practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266605202200005X/pdfft?md5=53c2768498ac622e54b63800c801a619&pid=1-s2.0-S266605202200005X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78266842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laminar flame speed of ethanol/ammonia blends–An experimental and kinetic study","authors":"Pelé Ronan ,&nbsp;Brequigny Pierre ,&nbsp;Mounaim-Rousselle Christine ,&nbsp;Dayma Guillaume ,&nbsp;Halter Fabien","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blending bio-ethanol with ammonia is an interesting approach to reach carbon-neutrally combustion systems. As a fundamental parameter, laminar flame speed for different blends of ethanol/ammonia is explored using the spherical expanding flame technique under constant pressure conditions. A comparison to the few recent literature experimental results is proposed. An empirical correlation is developed to estimate the laminar flame speed of any ammonia/ethanol mixture as a function of the equivalence ratio at 1 bar and 423 K. Some simulation results are also provided to compare kinetics mechanisms accuracy to experimental data and identify the most relevant sensitive reactions. Two mechanisms are compared, one from the literature and another from the fusion of two mechanisms originally developed for pure ethanol and pure ammonia respectively. One major conclusion is that none of these mechanisms allows sufficient agreement with experimental data and more in-depth studies are still needed to provide high accurate kinetics mechanisms for ethanol/ammonia mixture. Sensitivity analysis highlights an important difference between the sensitive reactions with pure ammonia and ethanol blends. The key role of carbon reactions HCO(+<em>M</em>)&lt;=&gt;<em>H</em>+CO(+<em>M</em>) and CO+OH&lt;=&gt;CO₂+<em>H</em> on the laminar flame speed is shown for blends containing more than 50% of ethanol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052022000048/pdfft?md5=a3f853f769dd45b1b5d7fe6b6f25968b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052022000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88312299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical modelling of the coal phase-out through ammonia and biomass co-firing in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor","authors":"João Sousa Cardoso ,&nbsp;Valter Silva ,&nbsp;José Antonio Mayoral Chavando ,&nbsp;Daniela Eusébio ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Hall","doi":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jfueco.2022.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The co-firing of ammonia (NH₃) with coal has raised awareness, boosting NH₃ research and development on its use and deployment as a sustainable fuel. Recent advancements point towards the co-firing of coal with biomass and NH₃ as a state-of-art strategy to phase-out coal from coal-based power stations. The implementation of NH₃ to the coal-biomass fuel mix allows not only to decarbonize coal-fired processes but also reduces biomass exploration costs to avoid feedstock availability disruption while increasing the power station production efficiency. Moreover, such a strategy brings an alternative player into the environmentally friendly power mix portfolio, accelerating the coal phase-out from electricity production. However, the use of NH₃ for power generation still presents some research gaps. Thus, this study delivers a 2D Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical model to describe the co-firing of coal with biomass and NH₃ in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor. The numerical model is validated against experimental data on coal and biomass combustion to assess the model's accuracy. The coal, biomass, and NH₃ co-firing ratios are varied to the point where coal is gradually reduced from the fuel mix, and its effect on the combustion processes is broadly investigated to determine the biomass and NH₃ impact on the reactor's emissions. Overall, the use of both biomass and NH₃ showed to broadly reduce carbon and NO emissions from coal-fired energy systems, emphasizing the potential addressed to biomass as an alternative to coal and NH₃ as an effective carbon-neutral fuel of the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100556,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Communications","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666052022000073/pdfft?md5=48ef04008fbe14b862ae091389d104bf&pid=1-s2.0-S2666052022000073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88480918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}