European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook最新文献

{"title":"New Zealand: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"FIONA BARKER","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12389","DOIUrl":"10.1111/2047-8852.12389","url":null,"abstract":"<p>After the successful adoption of a COVID-19 elimination strategy in 2020, in 2021 the New Zealand government introduced strategies to limit and mitigate the spread of the virus, as the elimination strategy looked increasingly unsustainable. It rolled out vaccines, imposed vaccine mandates and grappled with the complexities of the largely closed border. Despite the continuing pandemic demands, the Labour government, now with an outright majority after the General Election in late 2020, attempted to make progress on elements of its reform agenda in health, housing, water, transport and some social areas. Opposition to these reforms, which had a centralizing thrust and expanded in limited ways the scope of Māori participation in governance and decision-making, was swift. By the end of the year, emerging debates about vaccine mandates and public weariness with lockdowns contributed to growing discontent with the government's COVID-19 policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"339-350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77212690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyprus: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"AHMET SÖZEN,&nbsp;HUBERT FAUSTMANN","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12386","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2021 was marked by the continuation of the standstill in attempts to overcome the division of the island, as well as the social, political and economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on both sides of the divide. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus continued to suffer from political and economic instability. After only one year in office, the ruling coalition collapsed in November. Parliamentary elections in the Greek Cypriot-dominated Republic of Cyprus led to massive losses of the three largest parties, which, however, did not translate in a large-scale loss of seats. Moreover, in June there was a small-scale reshuffling of the Cabinet in the Republic of Cyprus.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"94-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137801894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Israel: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"YOSI GANEL","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2021 can be described in Israeli politics as one of change. After 12 consecutive years in power as Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu left office. After four election campaigns in two years, the ‘Anti-Netanyahu bloc’ managed to form a minimum winning coalition of 61 <i>Knesset</i> members (one Member of the <i>Knesset</i> did not vote with the coalition). A rotation government was agreed upon, with the post of Prime Minister switching between Naftali Bennet, Yemina (right-wing party) leader and Yair Lapid, Yesh Atid leader (the largest party in the coalition). Bennet served as Prime Minister first, even though his party only had six seats in the coalition. During 2021, Israel experienced terrorist incidents and a major military operation, as well as severe riots in mixed Jewish–Arab cities. Economic performance improved as the COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, with economic indicators being better than for other OECD countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"230-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137795621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australia: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"Marija Taflaga","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12385","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This entry includes data on changes to ministerial portfolios, party leadership changes and parliamentary composition (gender and party) in 2021. It notes changes to the Australian Electoral Act and the distribution of electoral seats federally. It includes election results from two subnational elections. It discusses a landmark report into the culture of the Australian Parliament, with specific reference to the relationship between political advisors and politicians, gender, bullying, and sexual assault. The entry notes the political decline of the ruling coalition government lead by Scott Morrison, and some, but not all, reasons for this. Policy issues discussed include women in politics, COVID-19, climate change, the AUKUS security pact, the budget deficit and inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12385","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137800527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japan: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"AIRO HINO,&nbsp;HIROKI OGAWA,&nbsp;ROBERT A. FAHEY,&nbsp;LING LIU","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12384","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2021 saw the resignation of Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga after just a year in office, following steep declines in his government's approval ratings due to public dissatisfaction with aspects of his handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Tokyo Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games. His successor, former Minister for Foreign Affairs Fumio Kishida, was nonetheless able to limit the ruling party's losses in a general election in late October, preventing the left-wing opposition parties from making any advances. The centre-right Japan Innovation Party/<i>Nippon Ishin no Kai</i>, however, gained 30 seats to become the third-largest party in the Diet, consolidating its political grip on the region surrounding Japan's second-largest city, Osaka.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"264-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137947948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malta: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"DOMINIC FENECH","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12372","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Politics in 2021 were much calmer and more settled than the previous year, despite the wake that government and opposition had still to navigate. Issues of rule of law and financial transparency continued claiming the attention of the government, which chose compliance over contention in the face of external pressure to put its house in order, and thus avoid long-term damage to the national reputation and to the economic well-being experienced in recent years. The coronavirus pandemic maintained its pressure on public finances, but otherwise was handled competently and a semblance of normality returned. The opposition meanwhile failed to overcome internal problems and render itself credibly electable as the 2022 elections drew near.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"317-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137630979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hungary: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"RÉKA VÁRNAGY","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Hungarian governing party Fidesz maintained a state of emergency in 2021, but aside from the pandemic, it focused on setting the tone for the 2022 elections and on developing a new communication strategy targeting sexual minorities. Regarding the institutional framework, the restructuration of higher education is highlighted in the article. The main opposition primaries, which took place in the fall, are also discussed. The text offers an insight into the political dynamic of opposition parties and presents basic data about the primaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"206-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137630978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finland: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"EMILIA PALONEN","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12379","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In 2021, Finland implemented the long-planned health, social and rescue services reform under the new regional governance framework. The Covid-19 vaccinations were issued and the pandemic governance debated as the minister responsible wanted to maintain tighter control. Pandemic fatigue was emerging and measures were lifted in October, only to be restored in December due to the Omicron variant of Covid-19. A new populist-splinter party emerged, speeded by contestation of the pandemic measures. As Finland made a large-scale investment in US-based fighter jets, NATO collaboration and Russian security concerns were discussed at the end of the year. Women remained strong in Finnish political leadership, and there were also some related changes in ministerial positions. The Finnish municipalities chose their councils for the last time independent of the regional elections. The municipal elections, delayed due to the pandemic to June, indicated the status of party competition at the time.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137630977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belgium: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"BENOÎT RIHOUX,&nbsp;AUDREY VANDELEENE,&nbsp;LIEVEN DE WINTER,&nbsp;PIERRE BAUDEWYNS,&nbsp;SERGE DERUETTE","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12378","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2021 was the first full year for the De Croo I Cabinet, which had been installed in October 2020 after difficult and lengthy negotiations. The oversized and ideologically diverse ‘Vivaldi’ coalition government struggled as it was confronted with the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, amidst frequent tensions between the coalition partners, with the two largest Flemish parties (Flemish Interest/<i>Vlaams Belang</i> and New Flemish Alliance/<i>Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie</i>) shooting from the opposition. Further, usual disagreements continued to prevail between Flemish and Francophone parties and their respective executives at the subnational level. Hence, discussions on the contours of a – still very tentative – seventh state reform did not make much progress. Wallonia, the country's southern region, was hit by catastrophic floods in July. The whole public response to these floods added up to the massive costs of handling COVID-19, which resulted in a structurally large budget deficit.</p><p>L'année 2021 fut la première année complète pour le gouvernement De Croo I entré en fonction en octobre 2020 au terme de longues et difficiles négociations. La coalition ‘Vivaldi’, très large et idéologiquement diversifiée, rencontra bien des difficultés dans sa gestion de la pandémie COVID-19; cette dernière suscita de fréquentes tensions entre les partenaires de la coalition alors que les deux plus grands partis flamands (le VB et la N-VA) menaient une opposition active. Par ailleurs, les désaccords habituels se prolongèrent entre les partis flamands et francophones et leurs exécutifs respectifs à l’échelon subnational. Dans ces conditions, les discussions autour d'une septième réforme de l'Etat aux contours encore très vagues ne progressèrent guère. La Wallonie, la région du Sud du pays, fut frappée par des inondations catastrophiques en juillet. La réponse des autorités publiques à ces inondations, conjuguée aux coûts très élevés de la gestion COVID-19, se traduisit par un déficit budgétaire structurellement élevé.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137741731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italy: Political Developments and Data in 2021","authors":"LUANA RUSSO,&nbsp;GIULIA SANDRI,&nbsp;ANTONELLA SEDDONE","doi":"10.1111/2047-8852.12381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2047-8852.12381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In Italy, 2021 has been a year marking a turning point in the struggle against the COVID-19 pandemic, and a time of economic, political and social transition. The country has reaped several important successes, policy-wise, both with regard to the efficacy of its vaccination campaign and to the drafting of its National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). All this was achieved after a quite troubled start of the year, with the fall of the Conte II government and the arrival in office of the new Prime Minister, Mario Draghi. The effects of the pandemic and the advent of the Draghi government affected both the dynamic of competition in the Italian party system and the intra-party conflicts. The 2021 round of Italian local elections, involving thousands of municipalities, triggered a surprising victory for the centre left and marked an important shift in the electoral balance of power between Italian parties.</p>","PeriodicalId":100503,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Political Research Political Data Yearbook","volume":"61 1","pages":"245-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/2047-8852.12381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137556393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}