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The relationship between daily traffic volume and the distribution of lead in roadside soil and vegetation 日交通量与路边土壤及植被铅分布的关系
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90022-3
G.L. Wheeler , G.L. Rolfe
{"title":"The relationship between daily traffic volume and the distribution of lead in roadside soil and vegetation","authors":"G.L. Wheeler ,&nbsp;G.L. Rolfe","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90022-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90022-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead from automotive sources in roadside soil and vegetation is found to follow a double exponential function of the following form: <em>Pb</em> = A<sub>1</sub> <em>e</em><sup>−<em>k</em><sub>1</sub>D</sup> + A<sub>2</sub> <em>e</em><sup>−<em>k</em><sub>2</sub>D</sup>. The terms A<sub>1</sub> and A<sub>2</sub> are linear functions of average daily traffic volume. The two exponents are assumed to represent two families of particles of different sizes. The larger particles are deposited within about 5 m of the roadside and are relatively inert in the soil. The smaller particles settle more slowly and are deposited within about 100 m of the roadside. Based on the differences between the relative lead content of the soil and vegetation attributable to the two exponents, the lead contained in the smaller particles is assumed to be more soluble than that of the larger ones. An estimated 72–76% of the historical lead deposited on the soil has been lost from the surface 10 cm of soil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90022-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52957968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 121
Sur l'epuration biologique d'une zone littorale marine affectee par des rejets d'hydrocarbures 受石油排放影响的海洋沿岸地区的生物净化
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90023-5
S. Tagger, L. Deveze, J. Le Petit
{"title":"Sur l'epuration biologique d'une zone littorale marine affectee par des rejets d'hydrocarbures","authors":"S. Tagger,&nbsp;L. Deveze,&nbsp;J. Le Petit","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90023-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90023-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The biodegradation of hydrocarbons in an oil refinery effluent discharge into seawater was studied. The hydrocarbon ‘concentration’ in the effluent only operated above a threshold (&gt; 50 mg/litre) when bacterial action upon the different hydrocarbon molecules took place. In general, the degradation potential of the microflora present in seawater was highest in zones affected by chronic discharges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 275-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90023-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52957981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The effects of an experimental spillage of oil sands tailings sludge on benthic invertebrates 油砂尾矿污泥溢出试验对底栖无脊椎动物的影响
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90025-9
D.R. Barton , R.R. Wallace
{"title":"The effects of an experimental spillage of oil sands tailings sludge on benthic invertebrates","authors":"D.R. Barton ,&nbsp;R.R. Wallace","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90025-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90025-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A very minor, instantaneous spillage of oil sands tailings sludge was introduced experimentally to a small part of a river in northern Alberta, Canada. A <em>60%</em> reduction in the standing stock of benthic invertebrates occurred throughout a four-week period in the immediate area of the spillage. Sensitive indicator organisms decreased in abundance over an area of at least <em>30</em> m downstream of the spillage. The tailings sludge contained fine silt, heavy, sticky oils and heavy metals, all of which would have a deleterious effect on stream benthos. The fine silt mixed with the sticky oils of the sludge probably constituted the principal hazard to aquatic communities. It is recommended that appropriate measures should be established so as to prevent the addition of oil sands tailings sludge, by either accident or design, to lakes or rivers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90025-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52958008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Fluoride accumulations in soil and vegetation in the vicinity of a phosphorus plant 含磷植物附近土壤和植被中氟化物的积累
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90104-6
L.K. Thompson, S.S. Sidhu, B.A. Roberts
{"title":"Fluoride accumulations in soil and vegetation in the vicinity of a phosphorus plant","authors":"L.K. Thompson,&nbsp;S.S. Sidhu,&nbsp;B.A. Roberts","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90104-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90104-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1970, vegetation in the vicinity of the ERCO phosphorus reduction plant at Long Harbour, Newfoundland (47°26′N, 53°47′W) began to show symptoms of fume damage, e.g. tip-burn and margin-burn. Samples of vegetation and soil were collected in the summers of 1973, 1974 and 1975 within a radius of 20 km of the plant in an attempt to assess levels of accumulation of fluoride in soil and vegetation. The degree of damage to vegetation and fluoride levels in soil-humus were inversely related to the distance of sites from the phosphorus plant. The average levels of fluroide in vegetation ranged from 281 ppm in severely damaged areas to 44 ppm in lightly damaged areas. The corresponding fluoride level in controls was only 7 ppm. In soil-humus, the available and total fluoride concentrations ranged from 58 to 3·8 ppm and 908 to 16 ppm, respectively. The levels in controls were 2·4 and 10 ppm. The extremely high levels of calcium closer to the plant indicated that the rock-dust fallout contributed significantly to the high level of total fluoride in the soil-humus. The fluoride emissions from the plant were composed of both gaseous and particulate forms of fluoride; however, the particulate forms appeared to affect only aareas closer to the plant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 221-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90104-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52961786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Uptake and excretion of lead by liter-dwelling collembola 生活在水里的弹线虫对铅的吸收和排泄
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90105-8
Els N.G. Joosse, Joop B. Buker
{"title":"Uptake and excretion of lead by liter-dwelling collembola","authors":"Els N.G. Joosse,&nbsp;Joop B. Buker","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90105-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90105-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High lead concentrations in the food of litter-dwelling Collembola appear not to have any harmful effects. Most of the lead remains unabsorbed and is concentrated in the faeces. Of the absorbed lead 30% is stored in intestinal epithelium cells and excreted by periodic renovation of the intestinal epithelium, which occurs at each moulting. This process replaces excretion by Malpighian tubules which are lacking in Collembola. Fifteen percent of the absorbed lead is in the exuviae. The concentration of lead in faeces and in the mid-gut epithelium may be of importance for the food-chain associated with collembolan products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90105-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52961798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 77
Chronic lead poisoning in a herd of mute swans 一群哑巴天鹅的慢性铅中毒
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90101-0
V.R. Simpson, A.E. Hunt, M.C. French
{"title":"Chronic lead poisoning in a herd of mute swans","authors":"V.R. Simpson,&nbsp;A.E. Hunt,&nbsp;M.C. French","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90101-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90101-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lead poisoning due to the ingestion of lead fishing shot was shown to be the cause of death of a number of mute swans <em>Cygnus olor</em> Gmelin. The area in which they were feeding was shown to be heavily contaminated with fishing shot. The results of clinical, histopathological, haematological and analytical examinations are reported.</p><p>The kidneys of the dead birds contained from 350 to 6650 μg/g DM of lead and blood lead levels in the remainder of the herd were greatly elevated, rising to 3290 μg/100 ml.</p><p>Consistently elevated liver levels of iron and zinc and a marked loss of body weight were all directly proportional to the increase in kidney lead concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 187-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90101-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52961749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 84
Recherche sur la pollution mercurielle du milieu maritime dans la region de Marseille (Méditerranée, France). Partie 3—degre de contamination par le mercure des echinodermes preleves dans l'herbier de posidonies a proximite des ports et du rejet du grand collecteur d'egout de la ville de Marseille 马赛地区(地中海，法国)海洋环境汞污染研究。第3部分-港口附近posidonies植物区系棘皮动物的汞污染程度和马赛市大型污水收集器的排放
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90100-9
H. Augier, G. Gilles, G. Ramonda
{"title":"Recherche sur la pollution mercurielle du milieu maritime dans la region de Marseille (Méditerranée, France). Partie 3—degre de contamination par le mercure des echinodermes preleves dans l'herbier de posidonies a proximite des ports et du rejet du grand collecteur d'egout de la ville de Marseille","authors":"H. Augier,&nbsp;G. Gilles,&nbsp;G. Ramonda","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90100-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90100-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used to measure concentrations of mercury in <em>Holothuria forskali</em> and the sea-urchins <em>Sphaerochinus granularis</em> and <em>Paracentrotus lividus</em> in relation to depths of collection, size and the degree of pollution. The results show that the highest levels occur near the city of Marseilles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90100-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137402592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bestimmung von schwermetallen und selen in fischen aus oberösterreichischen gewässern—teil 2: Blei, cadmium, scandium, chrom, cobalt, eisen, zink und selen 其中2部分:铅，镉，镉，铬，钴，铁和锌
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90106-X
D.K. Teherani, G. Stehlik, N. Tehrani, H. Schada, J. Hinteregger
{"title":"Bestimmung von schwermetallen und selen in fischen aus oberösterreichischen gewässern—teil 2: Blei, cadmium, scandium, chrom, cobalt, eisen, zink und selen","authors":"D.K. Teherani,&nbsp;G. Stehlik,&nbsp;N. Tehrani,&nbsp;H. Schada,&nbsp;J. Hinteregger","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90106-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90106-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>119 samples of fish, which were caught in September 1974 in Upper Austrian waters, were analysed for zinc, iron, cobalt, chromium, scandium and selenium by neutron activation analyses and for lead and cadmium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration values found for Zn ranged between 13 and 44 ppm, for Fe between 11 and 111 ppm, for Co between 0·01 and 0·40 ppm, for Cr between 0·02 and 0·21 ppm, for Pb between 0·01 and 0·28 ppm, with a single exception, for Cd 0·01 and 0·13 ppm and for Se between 0·62 and 2·02 ppm. The concentration of Sc was below the detection limit (0·5 pptm) for all fish samples analysed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90106-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52961816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage effluent with high salinity by Chlorella salina 小球藻对高盐度污水中氮磷的去除
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90089-2
Kwong-Yu Chan , K.H. Wong , P.K. Wong
{"title":"Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage effluent with high salinity by Chlorella salina","authors":"Kwong-Yu Chan ,&nbsp;K.H. Wong ,&nbsp;P.K. Wong","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90089-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90089-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cells of <em>Chlorella salina</em> CU1 are able to grow well in domestic sewage effluent having salinities as high as 16 ppt. By using controlled <em>C. salina</em> CU1 cultures, it is possible to remove the nitrogen and phosphorus from the sewage effluent before it is discharged into marine coastal water. With a retention time of 8 days, 86% to 100% NH<sub>3</sub>-N, 98% NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N and 98% PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3−</sup>-P are removed from the sewage effluent under laboratory conditions. It is also found that cells of <em>C. salina</em> CU1 prefer ammonia to nitrates as nitrogen source. Uptake of nitrates by the cells occurs only after the ammonia in the sewage effluent has been reduced to levels below 0·5 ppm. Ammonia at higher concentrations completely inhibits the nitrate uptake by the algal cells. Since cells of <em>C. salina</em> CU1 have a high protein content (44%), it is proposed that this unicellular green alga can be used to serve the dual function of wastewater purification and waste recycling through the production of algal protein from sewage effluent having high salinities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90089-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52962162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Chlorinated phenoxy acids and their dioxins 氯化苯氧酸及其二恶英
Environmental Pollution (1970) Pub Date : 1979-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-9327(79)90097-1
K.M.
{"title":"Chlorinated phenoxy acids and their dioxins","authors":"K.M.","doi":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90097-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-9327(79)90097-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100482,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution (1970)","volume":"18 2","pages":"Page 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-9327(79)90097-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86542009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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