{"title":"Schistes bitumineux de Timahdit (Maroc) : composition et propriétés physicochimiques","authors":"Ahmed Saoiabi , Anass Doukkali , Mohamed Hamad , Abdallah Zrineh , Mohamed Ferhat , Yolande Debyser","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01238-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01238-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oil shales of Timahdit (Morocco) constitute an important resource in energy. Indeed, the total organic matter is mainly constituted by kerogen. The elementary analysis gives atomic ratios H/C and O/C that are characteristic of a type II kerogen, poorly evolved, constituent of a good mother-rock. The different constituents separated from extractible organic matter by column or thin layer chromatography have been characterized. The analysis of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons by gas chromatography has proved that the organic matter of the shales of Timahdit is immature, resulting essentially from a phytoplanctonic biomass (marine origin) with a small continental influence. These results have been confirmed by the spectroscopic study of vanadyl and nickel petroporphyrins (DPEP and Etio) isolated from the organic matter of the Timahdit shales.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 5","pages":"Pages 351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01238-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88351995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxydation à haute température d’un nouvel alliage de titane α+β","authors":"Fabien Guillemot, Jean Debuigne, Denis Ansel","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01244-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01244-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new α+β titanium alloy Ti-Mo<sub>4.84</sub>-Ta<sub>4.34</sub> alloy named TMT has been oxidised under an atmospheric pressure of oxygen above the α ↔ β transformation temperature. The oxidation resistance increases strongly as compared to pure titanium (almost 50 %), which is mainly due to both alloying elements. The oxygen dissolution involves the α phase precipitation from the β phase, which becomes enriched with Ta and Mo. The diffusion takes place along α precipitates, whose orientations may depart from the normal to the surface. Diffusion is also discussed with regards to phase stability and our results are compared to literature data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 5","pages":"Pages 381-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01244-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74907553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comportement thermique des schistes bitumineux de Timahdit (Maroc)","authors":"Ahmed Saoiabi , Anass Doukkali , Mohamed Hamad , Abdallah Zrineh , Mohamed Ferhat , Yolande Debyser","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01239-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01239-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pyrolysis of the T layer oil shales of Timahdit (Morocco) was carried out for two reasons. Firstly, using gas chromatography, the contents of the various gases given off during this pyrolysis have been determined. Then, according to Rock–Eval pyrolysis results of the crude oil shales and their isolated kerogen, it has been concluded that these oil shales are located towards the beginning of the evolution of type II, have a marine origin and present qualities of a good mother-rock. Their content of polar compounds is more important than that of the hydrocarbon compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 5","pages":"Pages 361-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01239-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82846405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie-Maud Bear, Estelle Renard, Solo Randriamahefa, Valérie Langlois, Philippe Guérin
{"title":"Preparation of a bacterial polyester with carboxy groups in side chains","authors":"Marie-Maud Bear, Estelle Renard, Solo Randriamahefa, Valérie Langlois, Philippe Guérin","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01230-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01230-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unsaturated biopolyesters were produced by <em>Pseudomonas oleovorans</em> from two mixtures of sodium octanoate and 10-undecenoic acid (90:10 and 80:20 mol/mol) as a reserve of carbon and energy. Chemical modification of double bonds into carboxyl groups was carried out with potassium permanganate (KMnO<sub>4</sub>). Oxidation reaction was proved by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy. Molecular weights of modified biopolyesters were not highly affected by the oxidation reaction. Hydrophilicity was enhanced; polyester containing 25 % of repeating units pendant carboxylic acid end groups was soluble in polar solvents such as methanol, dimethylsulfoxide or a 85:15 (v/v) acetone/water mixture. Moreover, the presence of carboxy pendant groups was important with respect to the hydrolytic degradation. A fast hydrolysis was observed at pH = 11 in 24 hours for the carboxylated modified polyester containing 25 % of carboxyl groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 289-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01230-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82924069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thierry Cassagne , Henri-Jean Cristau , Gérard Delmas , Michel Desgranges , Claude Lion , Gilbert Magnaud , Éliane Torreilles , David Virieux
{"title":"Reactions of N,N-diisopropyl-2-aminoethylp-fluorobenzene thiosulfonate with oxidising agents","authors":"Thierry Cassagne , Henri-Jean Cristau , Gérard Delmas , Michel Desgranges , Claude Lion , Gilbert Magnaud , Éliane Torreilles , David Virieux","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01231-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01231-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behaviour of <em>N,N</em>-diisopropyl-2-aminoethyl <em>p-</em>fluorobenzene thiosulfonate <strong>3</strong>, which may be considered as a weakly toxic chemical analogue of VX agent, was investigated against oxidising agents. As VX <strong>1</strong>, this compound exhibits the same tendency to give S–S bond cleavage. Its degradation by Curox® shows the formation of the <em>N-</em>oxide <strong>6</strong> which subsequently gives the sulfonate <strong>7</strong> by hydrolysis. The action of hydrogen peroxide, with or without boric acid, leads to the sulfinate <strong>4</strong> by S-S bond cleavage. Its oxidation gives sulfonate <strong>7</strong>. Finally, reactions of MMPP and <em>m-</em>CPBA afford sulfonate <strong>7</strong> but no intermediates are highlighted with these reagents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 309-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01231-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88492540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cercospora beticola toxins. NMR studies and chemical behaviour","authors":"Paul-Henri Ducrot","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01237-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01237-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we have gathered NMR data on a series of identified beticolins, as well as the chemical and spectroscopic criteria allowing the differentiation of <em>o-</em> and <em>p-</em>beticolins. Spectroscopic criteria are based on the observation of characteristic nOe’s for both forms, whilst chemical criteria are derived from the behaviour of beticolins when exposed to a basic medium and from their ability to form stable dimers binding two Mg atoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 273-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01237-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83987595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodolphe Clérac, F.Albert Cotton, Kim R Dunbar, Elizabeth A Hillard, Marina A Petrukhina, Bradley W Smucker
{"title":"Crystal structure and magnetic behavior of Cu3(O2C16H23)6·1.2 C6H12. An unexpected structure and an example of spin frustration","authors":"Rodolphe Clérac, F.Albert Cotton, Kim R Dunbar, Elizabeth A Hillard, Marina A Petrukhina, Bradley W Smucker","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01233-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01233-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A copper(II) carboxylate has been obtained from the reaction of basic copper carbonate, CuCO<sub>3</sub>·Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>, with 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoic acid. It contains a trinuclear Cu<sub>3</sub><sup>6+</sup> core with three-fold symmetry, with each pair of copper atoms bridged by two carboxylate ligands. The Cu···Cu separations are 3.131(3) Å, precluding any direct bonding. Magnetic susceptibility data from 1.8 to 380 K at 1 000 G indicate a doublet ground state, (<em>g</em> ≈ 2.1) between 10–50 K (<em>μ</em><sub>eff</sub> = 1.80 <em>μ</em><sub>B</sub>). Above 50 K, the magnetic moment increases to 2.69 <em>μ</em><sub>B</sub> at 380 K, as expected for an equilateral triangular system of Cu<sup>II</sup> with antiferromagnetic interactions between spin carriers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01233-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90089666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bouchaib Elotmani , Ahmed El Hakmoui , El Mokhtar Essassi , Jilali Fifani , Alain Gueiffier
{"title":"Synthèse des 2-hydroxy-7-〚benzimidazol-2-yl〛-méthyl-5-méthylpyrazolo〚1,5-a〛pyrimidines à partir de la 4-hydroxy-6-méthylpyran-2-one","authors":"Bouchaib Elotmani , Ahmed El Hakmoui , El Mokhtar Essassi , Jilali Fifani , Alain Gueiffier","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01213-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01213-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Condensation of 3-amino-5-hydroxypyrazole <strong>1</strong> with triacetic acid lactone <strong>2</strong> in refluxed alcohols afforded 2-hydroxy-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo〚1,5-<em>a</em>〛pyrimidine <strong>3</strong> beside to 7-alkoxycarbonylmethyl-2-hydroxy-5- methylpyrazolo〚1,5-<em>a</em>〛pyrimidine <strong>4</strong>. Action of hydrazine on compounds <strong>4</strong> yielded 7-hydrazinocarbonylmethyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylpyrazolo〚1,5-<em>a</em>〛pyrimidine <strong>5</strong>. Condensation of <em>o</em>-phenylenediamines <strong>6</strong> with hydrazide <strong>5</strong> to melting reactants afforded 2-hydroxy-7-〚benzimidazol-2-yl〛methyl-5-methylpyrazolo〚1,5-<em>a</em>〛pyrimidines <strong>7</strong>. Structures of the obtained products have been assigned by means of spectroscopic measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 285-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01213-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76929983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ab initio search of carbon nitrides, isoelectronic with diamond, likely to lead to new ultra hard materials","authors":"Samir F Matar, Maurizio Mattesini","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01235-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01235-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Covalently bonded networks of carbon nitride materials are expected to possess outstanding physical properties such as high bulk moduli, wide band gap and high thermal conductivity. As a consequence they are nowadays widely investigated both experimentally and theoretically as potential candidates for new ultra-hard materials likely to replace expensive diamond in its different applications. We here give an overview of recent research works using up-to-date, first principles computational methods based on the local density approximation (LDA) of the density functional theory (DFT), in order to closely examine ground state as well as excited states properties of carbon nitrides. Our purpose is twofold: 1) to achieve a quantitative prediction of the hardness for different phases of the C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> system with a description of their chemical bonding properties; and 2) to extract modelled spectroscopic quantities such as 1s core ionisation energies to help experimentalists assessing the properties obtained from X-ray absorption spectra of the synthesised carbon nitrides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 255-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(01)01235-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136851210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agnès Derieux , Sophie Rochut , Marie-Christine Papillon , Claude Pepe
{"title":"Identification des colles protéiques présentesdans les œuvres d’art par couplage CG/SMà trappe d’ions","authors":"Agnès Derieux , Sophie Rochut , Marie-Christine Papillon , Claude Pepe","doi":"10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01220-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01220-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In order to restore artworks, the identification of the organic binders used by the artists for their works is sometimes necessary. A method leading to a fast and effective identification of a very weak quantity of proteins has been carried out by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ions trap after hydrolysis and derivatisation by ethyl chloroformate of the binder. It is possible with this method to point out the presence of sturgeon glue in artworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100305,"journal":{"name":"Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1387-1609(00)01220-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78088792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}