Clinics in Immunology and Allergy最新文献_第9页

HLA and Disease Susceptibility: Clinical Implications HLA和疾病易感性:临床意义

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00199-2

ARNE SVEJGAARD, PER PLATZ, LARS P. RYDER

引用次数: 38

The Immunoglobulin Genes: Genetics, Biological and Clinical Significance 免疫球蛋白基因的遗传学、生物学和临床意义

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00202-X

ERNA VAN LOGHEM

{"title":"The Immunoglobulin Genes: Genetics, Biological and Clinical Significance","authors":"ERNA VAN LOGHEM","doi":"10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00202-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00202-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The chromosomal organization of immunoglobulin genes, and the synthesis of various heavy and light chains to molecules with an infinitive variety of antibody specificities, is discussed. These molecules carry antigenic determinants (epitopes) that may be individual (idiotypes), shared (isotypes and isoallotypes) or polymorphic (allotypes).</p><p>Since biological effector functions correlate with epitopes, its determination can be relevant to clinical disease. In particular, in cases of an excessive or a decreased production of immunoglobulins or of incomplete proteins, the determination of isotypes and allotypes will supply information on the abnormality.</p><p>Allotypes are genetic markers that are useful for family and population studies, for investigation of paternity, blood stains, zygosity of twins and other identification problems. Testing for antibodies to immunoglobulins is indicated when severe transfusion reactions occur that cannot be explained by blood cell incompatibility.</p><p>Research on the association of immunoglobulin alleles with immune response, and their interactive effect with HLA in diseases, is gradually developing. The study of the Ig and HLA systems may contribute to the elucidation of the aetiology of immunological disorders and malignancies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100282,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Immunology and Allergy","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 607-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72277370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HLA, Blood Transfusion and the Immune System HLA，输血和免疫系统

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00197-9

GEORGE F. GJERSET, SHERRILL J. SLICHTER, JOHN A. HANSEN

{"title":"HLA, Blood Transfusion and the Immune System","authors":"GEORGE F. GJERSET, SHERRILL J. SLICHTER, JOHN A. HANSEN","doi":"10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00197-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00197-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The HLA region controls the major antigen system responsible for graft rejection and alloimmunization. More fundamental to the immune response, it controls the individual genetic elements regulating the interactions responsible for cellular immune functions. These HLA genetic determinants operate as permissive signals. When appropriate epitopes are available for presenting antigen to T cells, the effect is to facilitate response. If effector cells are activated, immune response is initiated. If suppressor cells are activated, immune response may be inhibited. Another genetic system separate from HLA presumably contains the genetic information that provides diversity for the T cell antigen receptor. Multiple nongenetic factors may also influence the immune response, among them prior alloimmunization via transfusion or pregnancy, viral infections and potentially a variety of other transfusion-related factors.</p><p>Exposure to HLA and other tissue antigens has in general no clinical benefits and potential major adverse effects for an immunocompetent patient. Subsequent rejection of grafts of haematopoietic stem cells or of other tissues can result, as well as refractoriness to platelet and granulocyte transfusions. In the setting of profound immune suppression, infusion of viable lymphocytes can result in planned or inadvertent engraftment and a graft versus host reaction. The latter can occur even in the absence of measurable engraftment of haematopoietic cells. The apparent paradoxical effects of blood transfusion in aplastic anaemia, leading to marrow graft rejection, and in renal transplantation, leading to improved graft survival, reflect the lack of knowledge about which factors lead to Ir gene phenomena and which lead to Is gene phenomena. The observation that alloimmunization can result in specific immune suppression raises the exciting prospect of transplantation without the necessity of establishing a general state of immune compromise in the host. Since the effect of alloimmunization from transfusion or other sources is so unpredictable, it is difficult to ascertain whether transfusion is immunosuppressive in healthy individuals. Transfusion-related viral infections can lead to reversible immune compromise; much less is known about the effects of non-viral factors. Of these factors, HLA antigens in unaltered or in soluble form are probably important, but their relation to Ir and Is appears unpredictable.</p><p>Evidence for transmission of AIDS via blood products has added to concern about transfusion-related immune suppression. Individuals at highest risk for transfusion-transmitted disease have received heavy exposure to multiple donor blood products. They are expected to exhibit the most pronounced non-specific immunological changes as well. If the aetiologic agent(s) responsible for AIDS can be identified, then the prevalence of seropositivity among those high risk patients can be ascertained and immunological effects unrelate","PeriodicalId":100282,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Immunology and Allergy","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 503-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89690001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

HLA-Gm Interactions: Clinical Implications HLA-Gm相互作用的临床意义

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00203-1

SENGA WHITTINGHAM, IAN R. MACKAY, JOHN D. MATHEWS

引用次数: 7

Index 指数

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00206-7

引用次数: 0

Biochemical Manipulation of Blood Groups 血型的生化操作

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00196-7

JACK GOLDSTEIN

{"title":"Biochemical Manipulation of Blood Groups","authors":"JACK GOLDSTEIN","doi":"10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00196-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00196-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The antigenic determinants of blood groups A, B and O erythrocytes can be altered by the action of two types of enzymes: transferases and glycosidases. Only the latter, however, will remove the antigen’s immunodominant sugars which are <em>N</em>-acetylgalactosamine in the case of A and D-galactose for B. Their removal results in the formation of group O cells since neither of these sugars are part of the antigenic determinant of these cells. Glycosidases are being used in an attempt to produce enzymatically converted group O cells of transfusable quality. It has been shown that by using an α-galactosidase from green coffee beans, group B cells can be transformed to O under conditions which do not adversely affect the treated cell’s membrane integrity and metabolic viability. Preclinical studies using small quantities of such cells have demonstrated that they survive normally in the circulation of A and O recipients whose immune systems would not tolerate untreated cells and that converted cells are not immunogenic under these conditions. Further studies are planned with larger amounts of converted cells. Treatment of A erythrocytes with an α-<em>N</em>-acetylgalactosaminidase isolated from chicken liver has also begun. Successful enzymatic production of group O cells of transfusable quality from A and B erythrocytes could have many beneficial effects upon the practice of transfusion medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100282,"journal":{"name":"Clinics in Immunology and Allergy","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 489-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75373853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Title Page 标题页

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00190-6

引用次数: 0

HLA Matching, Blood Transfusion and Renal Transplantation HLA配型、输血与肾移植

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/s0260-4639(22)00198-0

G. Persijn, G. F. Hendricks, J. Rood

引用次数: 10

Prospects for the Treatment of Immunological Diseases 免疫学疾病治疗展望

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00201-8

IRUN R. COHEN

引用次数: 3

Molecular Genetics of the HLA System: New Tools for the Study of HLA and Disease HLA系统的分子遗传学：HLA与疾病研究的新工具

Clinics in Immunology and Allergy Pub Date : 1984-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0260-4639(22)00200-6

J. DAUSSET, D. COHEN

引用次数: 1