Chemosphere - Global Change Science最新文献_第10页

Estimation of atmospheric inorganic water-soluble aerosols in the western region of Bahrain by ion chromatography 离子色谱法测定巴林西部地区大气中无机水溶性气溶胶

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00058-6

Ahmed Y. Ali-Mohamed, Ali Hassan Jaffar

引用次数: 22

Effect of stratospheric ozone depletion on the net production of ozone in polluted rural areas 平流层臭氧耗竭对受污染农村地区臭氧净生产量的影响

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00051-3

Jianzhong Ma , Michiel van Weele

{"title":"Effect of stratospheric ozone depletion on the net production of ozone in polluted rural areas","authors":"Jianzhong Ma , Michiel van Weele","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00051-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00051-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A one-dimensional model is used to study the effect of stratospheric ozone depletion (SOD) on the net production of ozone in the troposphere over various chemical coherent regions. It is found that in addition to the concentration of NOx, the response of the net ozone production to SOD is also determined by the concentrations of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), ozone and water vapor. The threshold NOx concentration, at which the response to SOD of the net ozone production changes from negative to positive, depends on the chemical regime and varies during a day, but it is typically about 1 ppb in a 24-hour average. The net ozone production in the boundary layer over polluted rural areas is most likely decreased due to SOD over a NOx-limited region and increased over an NMHCs-limited region. In an NOx-limited region the decrease in the net ozone production is the largest at high relative humidity. In cases with an increase in the net ozone production due to SOD, the increase is most favored at low relative humidity for the same NOx and NMHCs conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00051-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82951872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

A passive integrative sampler for mercury vapor in air and neutral mercury species in water 一种用于空气中汞蒸气和水中中性汞的被动综合采样器

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00055-0

W.G Brumbaugh, J.D Petty, T.W May, J.N Huckins

{"title":"A passive integrative sampler for mercury vapor in air and neutral mercury species in water","authors":"W.G Brumbaugh, J.D Petty, T.W May, J.N Huckins","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00055-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00055-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A passive integrative mercury sampler (PIMS) based on a sealed polymeric membrane was effective for the collection and preconcentration of Hg0. Because the Hg is both oxidized and stabilized in the PIMS, sampling intervals of weeks to months are possible. The effective air sampling rate for a 15×2.5 cm device was about 2 l-equivalents/day (0.002 m3/day) and the detection limit for 4-week sampling was about 2 ng/m3 for conventional ICP-MS determination without clean-room preparation. Sampling precision was ⩽5% RSD for laboratory exposures, and 5–10% RSD for field exposures. These results suggest that the PIMS could be useful for screening assessments of Hg contamination and exposure in the environment, the laboratory, and the workplace. The PIMS approach may be particularly useful for applications requiring unattended sampling for extended periods at remote locations. Preliminary results indicate that sampling for dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) and potentially other neutral mercury species from water is also feasible. Rigorous validation of the sampler performance is currently in progress.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00055-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76753706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Source determination of light non-methane hydrocarbons by simultaneous multi-site sampling in a metropolitan area 大都市地区轻非甲烷碳氢化合物的多地点同时取样源测定

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00057-4

Jia-Lin Wang , Wang-Hsien Ding , Tai-Yih Chen

{"title":"Source determination of light non-methane hydrocarbons by simultaneous multi-site sampling in a metropolitan area","authors":"Jia-Lin Wang , Wang-Hsien Ding , Tai-Yih Chen","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00057-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00057-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Concentration profiles of C2–C6 non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were obtained in metropolitan Taipei, Taiwan based on 50 air samples collected simultaneously during an evening traffic rush hour. Although motor vehicle exhaust contributes most of the measured hydrocarbons in the city, levels of propane and butane are significant, and do not correlate well with typical NMHCs emitted from vehicle exhaust, suggesting that the leakage from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is the primary source. Natural gas (NG) leakage was also investigated using ethane as a tracer, and a similar profile to propane was observed, suggesting that the use of LPG and NG in metropolitan Taipei is not exclusive but rather complementary. The reactivity of ethane, propane, iso-and n-butanes released from NG and LPG was estimated to be about 5–6% of the total reactivity summed from C2–C6 NMHCs, compared to their mass fraction of about 27%. The profiles computed from simultaneous sampling provide a direct view of NMHC distributions in Taipei metropolitan area, and are useful to indicate source strength with respect to geographic locations. The principle component analysis, however, can reveal relative importance of various sources in a particular location or area.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00057-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72680008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Molecular tracers for smoke from charring/burning of chitin biopolymer 几丁质生物聚合物炭化/燃烧烟气的分子示踪剂

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00049-5

B.R.T Simoneit, D.R Oros, V.O Elias

{"title":"Molecular tracers for smoke from charring/burning of chitin biopolymer","authors":"B.R.T Simoneit, D.R Oros, V.O Elias","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00049-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00049-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose are the major organic components of smoke particles emitted to the atmosphere from biomass burning. In urban areas a related biopolymer, chitin, may contribute markers to smoke from grilling/charring of crustacean seafood. 1,6-Anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose and the related degradation products from chitin can be utilized as specific and general indicator compounds for the presence of emissions from charring/burning of crustaceans in samples of atmospheric fine particulate matter. This enables the potential assessment of such cooking emissions in urban and rural areas. There are other compounds (e.g., thermal alteration derivatives from proteins and nucleic acids) which are additional key indicators in smoke from charring/burning of chitin. 1,6-Anhydro-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose is proposed as a specific indicator for chitin in biomass burning emissions. It is emitted at similarly high concentrations and emission rates as levoglucosan from cellulose burning that it should be detectable in certain indoor and urban atmospheres.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00049-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90869071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Seasonal dynamics of methane emission from wetlands 湿地甲烷排放的季节动态

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00046-X

S.N Singh, K Kulshreshtha, S Agnihotri

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of methane emission from wetlands","authors":"S.N Singh, K Kulshreshtha, S Agnihotri","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00046-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00046-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In view of its impact on the earth’s climate, methane despite its low atmospheric concentration, has assumed importance in recent years. Natural wetlands are one of the major sources for methane emission to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to find out the seasonal fluctuation in CH4 fluxes from water bodies and the difference in the methane efflux from vegetated and unvegetated surfaces of natural and man-made water bodies as well as to investigate the edaphic factors controlling the methane production and emission. The results revealed that there were seasonal fluctuations in methane emission from both the natural and man-made water bodies. Evidently, CH4 emission from the vegetated surface was many times higher than that from the unvegetated surface of the same water body, indicating the importance of vegetation in methane transport from sediments to atmosphere. Study of several edaphic factors like pH, redox potential, temperature and organic carbon of 10 water bodies, including 5 man-made ponds showed that all these factors largely determined CH4 production in the sediment as reflected by its emission from water bodies.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00046-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85782295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

The solubility of a suite of low molecular weight organochlorine compounds in seawater and implications for estimating the marine source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere 一组低分子量有机氯化合物在海水中的溶解度及其对估计海洋大气氯甲烷来源的影响

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00045-8

R.M Moore

引用次数: 53

Daily and seasonal nitrous oxide fluxes in soils from hardwood forest and different agroecosystems of Taiwan 台湾阔叶林及不同农业生态系统土壤氧化亚氮日及季节通量

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00047-1

Chen-Ching Chao , Chiu-Chung Young , Yin-Po Wang , Wei-Liang Chao

{"title":"Daily and seasonal nitrous oxide fluxes in soils from hardwood forest and different agroecosystems of Taiwan","authors":"Chen-Ching Chao , Chiu-Chung Young , Yin-Po Wang , Wei-Liang Chao","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00047-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00047-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Fluxes of N2O from four paddy soils, two upland soils, two orchard soils, and two hardwood forest soils located at central and southern parts of Taiwan were measured between 1994 and 1997 using a static close chamber technique. Daily emissions and variations in rate of N2O fluxes from paddy and orchard soils were larger than those from fallow upland and hardwood forest soils. Daily coefficients of variation of these measurements ranged from 4% to 350%. The range of daily N2O fluxes were listed in the following order : the highest amount observed in upland soils, paddy soils, orchard soils, and hardwood forest soils. The largest N2O flux was detected from upland soil collected at Chishan which was 324.6 g N2O-N ha−1 day−1 with a daily mean flux around 57.7 g N2O-N ha−1. In all test soils, based on annual measurements, the mean temporal coefficients of variation ranged from 14.8 to 130.9%, and the largest was detected in paddy soils. The results also indicate that the mean annual amounts of N2O released into the atmosphere was 11.3, 5.6, 4.5 and 3.4 kg N2O-N ha−1 yr−1 from upland, paddy, orchard, and hardwood forest soils, respectively. It was calculated that the total amounts of emission of N2O from those agroecosystems and hardwood forest soils of central and southern parts of Taiwan, together having a total area of 970965 ha, was about 5944 tons N2O-N per year.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00047-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76118848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Molecular characterization of smoke from campfire burning of pine wood (Pinus elliottii) 松材(Pinus elliottii)篝火燃烧烟气的分子表征

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00048-3

B.R.T Simoneit , W.F Rogge , Q Lang , R Jaffé

{"title":"Molecular characterization of smoke from campfire burning of pine wood (Pinus elliottii)","authors":"B.R.T Simoneit , W.F Rogge , Q Lang , R Jaffé","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00048-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00048-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Although campfires are typically enjoyable events, people are exposed to high concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants. The combustion conditions of wood burned in campfires are different from those of indoor wood burning in stoves or fireplaces. Typically, wood logs, twigs, and branches with their leaves or needles are burned in campfires, whereas mostly wood logs are burned in indoor settings. Consequently, the molecular source profiles for organic particulate matter emissions may be different from a campfire. For human exposure assessment, there is a need to fingerprint the organic compound compositions in campfire wood smoke. Here we present the detailed biomarker composition of conifer wood smoke from a campfire. The major biomarkers emitted are dehydroabietic acid, the resin acids (pimaric, iso-pimaric, sandaracopimaric and abietic acids), retene, pimanthrene, methylcyclopentenophenanthrene and β-sitosterol, with levoglucosan and lignin phenolics such as vanillic acid in the polar fraction. PAH are minor components. A marker and PAH profile has been generated which can be utilized for tracing emissions from campfire burning and evaluating personal exposure risk.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 107-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00048-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74133772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 149

A sampling technique for the determination of dissolved methane in soil solution 测定土壤溶液中溶解甲烷的取样技术

Chemosphere - Global Change Science Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00044-6

M.C.R Alberto, J.R.M Arah, H.U Neue, R Wassmann, R.S Lantin, J.B Aduna, K.F Bronson

{"title":"A sampling technique for the determination of dissolved methane in soil solution","authors":"M.C.R Alberto, J.R.M Arah, H.U Neue, R Wassmann, R.S Lantin, J.B Aduna, K.F Bronson","doi":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00044-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00044-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>A sampling technique was developed to sample floodwater and soil solution from wetland ricefields for the determination of dissolved CH4. The method was compared with the soil core method used in the measurement of entrapped CH4. This was done to assess if dissolved CH4 determination could be an alternative to soil-entrapped CH4 measurements since the latter is time-consuming, laborious and destructive in nature.The dynamics of both dissolved CH4 and entrapped CH4 follow the same seasonal pattern. They have the same degree of spatial and temporal variability. However, the sampling procedure developed for the determination of dissolved CH4 is relatively simple, easy and convenient compared to that for soil-entrapped CH4 measurements. It also allows in-situ solution sampling at different soil depths. Therefore, it is recommended that dissolved CH4 measurements can be an alternative to soil-entrapped CH4 determinations.</div>","PeriodicalId":100235,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere - Global Change Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1465-9972(99)00044-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77147795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 85