Atmospheric Environment (1967)最新文献

{"title":"The preparation of papers for Atmospheric environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90141-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90141-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 1","pages":"Pages v-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90141-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137162117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameterization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models","authors":"M.L. Wesely","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methods for estimating the dry deposition velocities of atmospheric gases in the U.S. and surrounding areas have been improved and incorporated into a revised computer code module for use in numerical models of atmospheric transport and deposition of pollutants over regional scales. The key improvement is the computation of bulk surface resistances along three distinct pathways of mass transfer to sites of deposition at the upper portions of vegetative canopies or structures, the lower portions, and the ground (or water surface). This approach replaces the previous technique of providing simple look-up tables of bulk surface resistances. With the surface resistances divided explicitly into distinct pathways, the bulk surface resistances for a large number of gases in addition to those usually addressed in acid deposition models (SO₂,O₃, <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> and HNO₃) can be computed, if estimates of the effective Henry's Law constants and appropriate measures of the chemical reactivity of the various substances are known. This has been accomplished successfully for H₂O₂, HCHO, CH₃CHO (to represent other aldehydes), CH₃O₂H (to represent organic peroxides), CH₃C(O)O₂H, HCOOH (to represent organic acids), NH₃, CH₃C(O)O₂NO₂ and HNO₂. Other factors considered include surface temperature, stomatal response to environmental parameters, the wetting of surfaces by dew and rain, and the covering of surfaces by snow. Surface emission of gases and variations of uptake characteristics by individual plant species within the landuse types are not considered explicitly.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 6","pages":"Pages 1293-1304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90153-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136849821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of organic and inorganic ions of late winter arctic aerosols","authors":"Shao-Meng Li ,&nbsp;John W. Winchester","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90252-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90252-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to examine possible natural as well as anthropogenic aerosol ionic components in the Arctic troposphere, we have measured the concentrations of 12 organic and inorganic ions in late winter Arctic aerosols at Barrow, Alaska, sampled as separated coarse and fine fractions. Inorganic ion concentrations are similar to previous data reported from the Arctic. The organic anion methanesulfonate (MSA), in total coarse + fine, averages 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;. High levels of formate (Fo &lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) and acetate (Ac&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) and traces of propionate (Pp&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) and pyruvate (Py&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) are found, which altogether account for 20% of the total aerosol mass. Total concentrations, as mean ± S.E. nmol m&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;, are (Fo&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) 5.3± 0.7, (Ac&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) 12.4 ± 2.2, (Pp&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) 0.3±0.1, and (Py&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;) 0.1 ± 0.04. Internal relationships among the carboxylic acid anions suggest emissions from natural vegetation. Lacking local sources during winter, these organic anions are likely to have come from lower latitudes as acid vapors that condensed with gaseous NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; into aerosols in the cold Arctic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Four aerosol types, evidenced by seven principal components in the coarse and fine aerosol fractions of 69 12-h samples, are found by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). The most prominent type is a contaminated sea salt, apparently transported to the Arctic after scavenging combustion products. The second contains carboxylic acid anions, such as could have resulted from co-condensation with NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; of organic acid vapors from natural sources at lower latitudes. The third is a marine aerosol component containing most of the MSA, Br&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; and NO&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, as well as small amounts of carboxylic acid anions and some sea salt, and may be a collection of products from gas phase oxidation of precursors. Finally, a fine non-sea salt sulfate (nssSO&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) component is found that may have come from SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; conversion in air. Most components have good charge balance of the measured ions as indicated by anion/cation ratios near unity. The ratios reflect approximate acid-base neutralization in the components and indicate aged aerosol systems with long atmospheric residence times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Viewing similar components in coarse and fine fractions together, about 10% of the carboxylic acid anions are associated with pollutants in aerosol type 1. Type 2 accounts for 80% of Fo&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;and 60% of Ac&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;. Type 3 accounts for 18% of Fo&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; and 10% of Ac&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;. Thus, the carboxylic acid anions appear to be mostly natural, with more than 90% of Fo&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; and 70% of Ac&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; in types 2 and 3. In coarse aerosols viewed separately, 67% of nssSO&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; is in the contaminated sea salt. In fine aerosols, 52% of nssSO&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; is in a separate SO&lt;sup&gt;2−&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; component which may be forme","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 11","pages":"Pages 2401-2415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90252-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52834712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4829911 Pollution-free, resource recovery, garbage disposal/fuel burning plant","authors":"Jay P Nielson","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90208-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90208-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 10","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90208-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52834604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American association for aerosol research","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90025-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90025-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 3","pages":"Page 713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90025-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91768190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste gas burner","authors":"Joseph L Messimer","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90043-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90043-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 3","pages":"Page iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90043-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91768193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composting municipal sludge, a technology evaluation","authors":"James P. Lodge Jr.","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90510-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90510-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 4","pages":"Page 900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90510-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52835971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of precipitation chemistry siting criteria using paired stations from northern Maine and southeastern Texas","authors":"Richard S. Artz,&nbsp;Glenn D. Rolph","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90305-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90305-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two-year precipitation chemistry data records from each of the two paired stations are compared to determine whether the precipitation chemistry is different. In each pair, one of the stations (Caribou, Maine and Victoria, Texas) violates National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) siting requirements, while the other station (Presque Isle, Maine and Beeville, Texas) is in compliance. Methods employed to carry out this study include the calculation of precipitation weighted statistics, the study of logarithmic distributions, the study of regression line residuals, the study of relative sample differences and the use of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test for two matched samples. Results indicate no clear differences occurred between paired stations over a seasonal or longer period of time; however, considerable variation was observed on a weekly basis. Maine stations were in excellent agreement for all ions; Texas stations showed small differences between ions typically associated with soil dust and between ions typically associated with anthropogenic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 5","pages":"Pages 1033-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90305-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52835315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of chemical processes occurring in an atmospheric boundary layer. Influence of light and biogenic hydrocarbons on the formation of oxidants","authors":"A. Lopez,&nbsp;M.O. Barthomeuf,&nbsp;M.L. Huertas","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90406-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90406-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A photochemical model has been developed to determine the impact of the emission of light and terpenic hydrocarbons (HCs) on the evolution of ozone, HNO₃ and PAN concentrations in the troposphere.</p><p>The present model, of Lagrangian type, describes the evolution of trace gases in an air mass moving over a large and homogeneous source area. The respective cycles of O₃, <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em>, methane and CO are considered. The vertical exchange is treated by introduction of a vertical diffusivity tensor <em>K</em>_<em>z</em> varying as a function of time and altitude.</p><p>The results of this study indicate that both the intensity of vertical exchanges of airborne elements and the ground deposition play an important role on the evolution of vertical concentration profiles. The influence of diffusivity on the integrated concentrations in the boundary layer remains low.</p><p>The introduction of light HCs (alkanes, alkenes) results in an increase in the O₃ concentration, correlated with the intensity of <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> and HC emissions. For a given level of <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em>, both a decrease of the concentration in HNO₃ and an increase in the PAN concentration are observable when the production of light HCs increases. The sensitivity increases with the <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> source.</p><p>The introduction of terpenic HCs causes a depletion of O₃ in the air masses characterized by low <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> emission rates, and an enrichment in those with higher emission rates. In both cases, the amplitude of the variation increases with the importance of the source of terpenic HCs, and is found higher for α-pinene than for isoprene.</p><p>For a given <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> emission rate, the HNO₃ concentrations are seen to decrease when the source of natural HCs increase, whereas the concentration in PAN increases. As observed for light HCs, the sensitivity shows a dependence on the magnitude of the <em>NO</em>_<em>x</em> source.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 7","pages":"Pages 1465-1478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90406-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52835482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation de techniques spectroscopiques pour l'etude de particules atmospheriques produites par des sources ponctuelles","authors":"Marcel Baril,&nbsp;Mario Noël,&nbsp;Daniel Michaud,&nbsp;Bruno Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90310-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0004-6981(89)90310-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is used to study atmospheric particle production by an industrial source responsible for the acid precipitation phenomenon. A sampling network has been put in place at Rouyn-Noranda to collect local aerosols with cascade impactors. Aerosols have also been collected in the plume of the most important source of SO₂ in Quebec. Instruments have been developed and constructed to collect these samples. A multi-analytical technique approach permits physico-chemical analysis of individual aerosol: SIMS using a 1 μm ion probe and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with an X-ray analyzer (EDAX) perform micro-analysis, whereas bulk analysis is provided by a SIMS using a 200 μm Argon ion probe. Devices used for localization of microparticles permit manipulation of samples without damaging them and allow analysis of individual aerosol particles with a SIMS after analysis with SEM-EDAX. Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis (LAMMA) is also possible. Negative and positive mass spectra, obtained with a SIMS-Ar⁺, have been analyzed with a multivariate statistical technique. Relations between these mass spectra and specific conditions existing during sampling have been determined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100138,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment (1967)","volume":"23 5","pages":"Pages 1099-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90310-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"52835338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}