Advanced Cement Based Materials最新文献_第2页

Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials 导论章:水泥基材料的性能与应用

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73784

H. M. Saleh, Rehab O. Abdel Rahman

{"title":"Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials","authors":"H. M. Saleh, Rehab O. Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73784","url":null,"abstract":"Cement-based materials have been used to support human civilizations many decades ago. With the increasing advancement of human activities, these materials were modified to maintain their roles in our lives. The main function of cement is to act as hydraulic binder, which increases the bond between fragmented particles, so it can enable their use in different fields. The resulted material will have different physical and mechanical properties from the initial materials. These changed properties are attributed to the exothermic hydration reactions that are initiated upon mixing the binder with water. The liberated localized heat will lead irreversible rearrangement of water molecules within the framework microstructure [1–3]. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most widely used cement. It is prepared by crushing, milling, and mixing calcium, iron, silica, alumina, and sulfate sources with certain amounts. Then, hydraulic cement is passed to the kiln to produce clinker, which is subsequently cooled and pulverized. Portland cement is categorized into eight subgroups according to the ASTM C150, namely normal (type I), moderate sulfate resistance (type II), high early strength (type III), low heat of hydration (type IV), high sulfate resistance (type V), normal, moderate sulfate resistance, and high early resistance with air entraining (types IA, IIA, IIIA), respectively [4]. There are four principal unhydrated phases present in all OPC types, namely tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5), dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4), tricalcium aluminate (Ca3Al2O5), and calcium aluminoferrite (Ca4AlnFe2-nO7). The formula of each of these minerals can be broken down into the basic calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron oxides (Table 1). Cement chemists use abbreviated nomenclature based on oxides of various elements to indicate chemical formulae of relevant species, that is, C = CaO, S = SiO2, A = Al2O3, and F = Fe2O3. Hence, traditional cement nomenclature abbreviates each oxide as shown in Table 1 [1].","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83851826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Heat Integration in a Cement Production 水泥生产中的热集成

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75820

Stanislav Boldyryev

{"title":"Heat Integration in a Cement Production","authors":"Stanislav Boldyryev","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75820","url":null,"abstract":"The cement industry sector is an energy- intensive industrial sector ; cement is the most widely used material for construction and modern infrastructure needs. The cement industry is one of the largest consumers of carbon-containing primary energy sources and one of the primary polluters of the environment. Energy consumption represents the largest part of the production cost for cement factories and has a significant influence on product prices. The potential of waste heat utilization of cement production was determined and a recovery potential accounting site wide in demand is defined by the process integration technique. The author has analyzed the energy consumption of a cement factory to obtain minimum energy needs of production and proposed the options to improve energy efficiency by the process integration approach. The authors conclude that the energy consumption of the cement factory can be reduced by 30%. The results help to the cement plant’s profitability and reduce environmental impact of the cement industry as well as sustainability. Given that it is realized in modern society that infrastructural projects lead to a higher level of economy and sustainability for countries, reducing the production cost in the cement industry is a very important problem.","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84342426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cement Microstructure: Fostering Photocatalysis 水泥微观结构:促进光催化

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 2018-03-15 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74365

E. Cerro-Prada

引用次数: 2

Tire-Derived Aggregate Cementitious Materials: A Review of Mechanical Properties 轮胎骨料胶凝材料:力学性能综述

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 2018-02-25 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74313

F. M. Tehrani, Nathan M. Miller

引用次数: 6

Volume 7 Contents 第七卷目录

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)80005-9

引用次数: 0

Processing/property/structure interactions in a calcium aluminate-phenol resin composite 铝酸钙-苯酚树脂复合材料的工艺/性能/结构相互作用

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00011-X

J.A. Walberer, A.J. McHugh

{"title":"Processing/property/structure interactions in a calcium aluminate-phenol resin composite","authors":"J.A. Walberer, A.J. McHugh","doi":"10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00011-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00011-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Relationships among mixing conditions, extensional viscosities of the formed paste, and the morphology and flexural strength of hardened composites have been studied for a calcium aluminate cement-phenol resin composite. Mixing torque was monitored as a function of temperature and resin pH. The behavior of the torque time curves as well as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and differential scanning calorimetry measurements suggest that paste formation is characterized by an induction period of flat torque, corresponding to dissolution of cement ions followed by a styffening period of rapid torque rise, corresponding to an ionic interaction between the resin and cement particles. The viscoelastic nature of the paste was studied using a biaxial squeeze flow device. The steady biaxial extensional viscosity trends with extension rate are consistent with the formation of an increasingly cross-linked bulk organic phase in the paste. Flexural strengths of hardened material processed under varying degrees of resin pH suggest that an optimal structure forms when the resin is allowed to simultaneously polymerize and ionically interact with cement particles. This conclusion is supported by evidence of scanning electron microscopy, which shows structure formation for a given cut of missing conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00011-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72622970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Volume 8 Contents 第八卷目录

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)80006-0

引用次数: 0

Subject index to volume 8 第8卷主题索引

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)80004-7

引用次数: 0

Exchange rates of ethanol with water in water-saturated cement pastes probed by NMR 用核磁共振探测水饱和水泥浆中乙醇与水的交换速率

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00013-3

Hans C. Gran , Eddy W. Hansen

{"title":"Exchange rates of ethanol with water in water-saturated cement pastes probed by NMR","authors":"Hans C. Gran , Eddy W. Hansen","doi":"10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00013-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00013-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Diffusion of ethanol into water-saturated white cement pastes has been investigated by carbon and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The diffusion of ethanol was shown to be Fickian, assuming one-dimensional diffusion under perfect sink boundary conditions. Derived diffusion coefficients were found to increase with increasing water/cement (w/c) ratio from (2.7 ± 0.5) 10−8 cm2/s at w/c = 0.30 to (59 ± 5) 10−8 cm2/s at w/c = 1.0. At the end of the exchange process, only a fraction of the total volume of water is exchanged with ethanol, varying from 60% for samples containing mainly micro- and mesopores to about 80% for samples where additional capillary pores are present. Time needed to reach 90% and 95% exchange of the total intrudable amount of ethanol in cylindrical samples with diameter of 5.5 mm varied from 1 day to nearly 3 weeks. This has importance for exchange in larger samples with typical diameters of 10 mm or more (as used in mercury intrusion porosimetry), which may require on the order of months for 90% exchange to take place. The mole fraction of ethanol and water in the pore system was determined from sampled carbon and proton NMR spectra vs. exchange time by comparing H2O-saturated and D2O-saturated samples. At the end of the exchange process, water was found to occupy the remaining volume not accessible to ethanol. In the tested w/c ratio range, the water content in all samples is below the value where damage to the pore structure normally occurs due to internal tension when exposed to drying. An empirical relationship between chemical shift of the CH3CH2OH/H2O peak and mole fraction of ethanol is derived, enabling the mole fraction of ethanol from the NMR peak to be estimated.</div>","PeriodicalId":100028,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Cement Based Materials","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00013-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87004001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Relationship between differences in silica fume additives and fine-scale microstructural evolution in cement based materials 硅灰添加剂的差异与水泥基材料细尺度微观结构演变的关系

Advanced Cement Based Materials Pub Date : 1998-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1065-7355(98)00015-7

Andrew J. Allen , Richard A. Livingston

引用次数: 48