Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Joint count transformation models with covariate-dependent correlations.","authors":"Lukas Graz, Luisa Barbanti, Roland Brandl, Torsten Hothorn","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70522","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.70522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joint species distribution models are essential for understanding how ecological covariates shape species communities. However, most existing approaches are limited by rigid parametric distributions for count data and the inability to model how interspecific associations change with those covariates. We introduce joint count transformation models, a novel framework designed to overcome these limitations. Our approach combines distribution-free marginal count transformation models for multiple species with a covariate-dependent latent Gaussian copula to model interspecific correlations, interpretable as Spearman's rank correlation on the observed count scale. All model parameters are estimated efficiently via joint maximum likelihood estimation, implemented in the R package tram. We apply this framework to model the joint abundance of three fish-eating bird species, using seasonality as the primary covariate. Our model successfully captured the complex, species-specific seasonal abundance patterns, including periods of high zero counts and seasonal shifts in variance. Furthermore, the model revealed strong, seasonally varying correlations between the species. These findings are consistent with an empirical approach and similar to those from the computationally expensive parametric Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC) framework. Consistency, accuracy, and feasibility of our approach are demonstrated in a simulation study for up to 10 species.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 10","pages":"e70522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149172236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corridors increase ant diversity over time.","authors":"Melissa A Burt, Susan R Whitehead, Julian Resasco","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70527","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.70527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, habitat loss and fragmentation pose significant threats to biodiversity. Habitat corridors are often used in fragmented landscapes to reconnect isolated patches. However, understanding how corridors function can be challenging, as their effects may be confounded with simultaneous changes to habitat area, edge amount, and connectivity among patches. Here, we used a long-term, landscape scale experiment to investigate two potential mechanisms by which corridors may influence biodiversity-via increasing habitat connectivity or through increasing the amount of edge. With pitfall trap sampling conducted over 5 years (9-15 years since site establishment), we assessed the relative effects of connectivity and edge effects by measuring ant biodiversity in four ways: (1) taxonomic diversity, (2) functional diversity, (3) community composition, and (4) site-to-site variance in community composition (i.e., beta diversity). We found evidence of both connectivity and edge effects on ant diversity and community composition. Taxonomic diversity increased linearly in all patch types over time, yet accumulated more quickly in connected than in isolated patches. The faster accumulation of taxonomic diversity in connected patches was associated with greater site-to-site variance in community composition. Although we found no differences in mean taxonomic diversity within patches (alpha diversity), the faster accumulation of taxonomic diversity and greater beta diversity among patches with corridors suggests that ant diversity in connected patches may eventually surpass that of isolated patch types. Finally, while we found no effect of edge amount for how fast taxonomic diversity accumulated over time, functional group diversity accumulated more quickly in winged patches that have more edge habitat relative to interior habitat than rectangular patches. Taken together, these results add to a body of literature that shows the potential for habitat corridors to have positive effects on biodiversity by increasing connectivity and that these effects may continue to accrue over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 10","pages":"e70527"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific reduction of survival and predation in ladybirds exposed to prolonged and intensified heat waves.","authors":"Nicolás Cecchetto, Florencia Baudino, Michal Knapp","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change exacerbates heat waves, threatening ecosystems by disrupting species survival and interactions. Insects are highly sensitive to temperature extremes, exhibiting species-specific stress which can impact community dynamics. Ecosystem services, such as pest control, can therefore be reduced by heat stress. We studied how five ladybird species responded to heat wave conditions, focusing on survival and aphid consumption. While survival was generally unaffected by exposure to realistic heat waves (compared to normal summer temperatures), extreme heat wave (+5°C) reduced survival in four out of five species. Interestingly, one of the most vulnerable species to extreme heat waves was the globally invasive Harmonia axyridis, reaching over 50% mortality in less than 2 days. Prolonged exposure to heat waves (over 6 days) escalated mortality in two species and significantly decreased aphid consumption in another two species. This study underscores the potential impacts of heat waves on pest control in a warming world.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 10","pages":"e70529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiment and natural variation in N and P inputs elucidate complexity in freshwater ecosystems.","authors":"Lindsey A Pett, Angélica L González, Nicholas J Gotelli","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extending ecological inference from local experiments to broader spatial extents remains a challenge. Here, we leveraged the natural, self-contained aquatic ecosystem of the pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) to test whether locally observed effects of nutrient enrichment are consistent with patterns across a regional gradient of nutrient deposition. We conducted a field experiment at a single bog using realistic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions and evaluated 10 ecosystem responses, representing both nutrient pools (stocks) and fluxes. We then compared these to a survey spanning 28 sites from Florida to Maine. The spatial grain of the individual pitcher leaf was held constant while the spatial extent varied by more than 2000 km. Enrichment increased fluid P by an amount equivalent to 92% and 20% of the observed range in the experiment and the survey, respectively, and increased tissue P by amounts equivalent to 276% and 21% of the observed range in the experiment and the survey, respectively. Enrichment also increased tissue N by 23% of its observed range in the survey. Enrichment also elevated Chlorophyta biovolume, whereas microbial responses were primarily mediated by indirect effects via detrital nutrient pools and grazing pressure. More than 80% of the coefficients representing nutrient fluxes in the local experiment matched those from the regional survey, with only slightly stronger nutrient effects in nutrient addition. These results indicate that well-designed site-based nutrient addition manipulations can robustly predict ecosystem responses to nutrient deposition across broad spatial gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 10","pages":"e70539"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global change threatens the biodiversity of cold regions: Current knowledge and priorities for further research.","authors":"David Renault, Luis R Pertierra, Tom Vorstenbosch, Ella Daly, Jonas J Lembrechts, Ross N Cuthbert, Charly Geron, Phillip J Haubrock, Mathieu Laparie, Peter Convey, Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Michelle Greve, Torsten Nygaard Kristensen, Jan Pergl, Petr Pyšek, David M Richardson, James D M Speed, Michaela Vítková, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cold regions are among the most pristine areas remaining globally, hosting unique fauna and flora. Historically, these regions have often been refugia from land-use change, resource exploitation, and pollution, but climate warming and biological invasions increasingly constitute profound threats. Focusing on terrestrial plant and invertebrate species, we provide an overview of the impacts of climate change and biological invasions on the biodiversity of cold regions, from the individual to the species level, and discuss pervasive challenges to understanding and managing these impacts. In particular, we explore the consequences of climate change and biological invasions in the contexts of individual physiology, population dynamics, and species redistribution. We suggest new research avenues by identifying priorities for future studies on plants and invertebrates of cold regions in the context of concurrent climate change and biological invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 10","pages":"e70537"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing undocumented cleaning behavior in the vulnerable pink whipray in southern Mozambique.","authors":"Dércio Maoze, Maria da Graça, Nelson Nhamussua, Mauro Jije-Gonçalves, Teodote Matimbe, Celso Sardinha, Ekaterina Kalashnikova, Riva Raghavan, Jule Buschmann, Mario Lebrato","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70508","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.70508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 9","pages":"e70508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13572029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accounting for variable detection functions in temporal abundance modeling via transfer learning.","authors":"Kevin M Collins, Erin M Schliep, Tyler Wagner, Christopher K Wikle","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.70491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative abundance, measured as the number of animals caught per unit of sampling effort (catch per unit effort, CPUE), is commonly used to monitor fish and wildlife populations, largely because sampling methods are cost-effective to implement. Modeling relative abundance from CPUE data, however, requires the assumption that the detection probability is constant across sampling events. This assumption is likely not valid, as the probability of detection often varies as a function of several factors, including the characteristics of individual animals and environmental conditions at the time of sampling. In contrast, methods to estimate absolute abundance, such as capture-recapture (CR), account for variable detection, but are often infeasible to implement across large spatiotemporal scales. Despite this, CR data are sometimes available for species of interest, albeit at smaller spatiotemporal extents. Leveraging information on detection probabilities from CR data to help inform estimates of widely available CPUE data could strengthen inferences about the status of fish and wildlife populations. We propose an approach to (1) learn the effect of environmental covariates on detection probabilities from CR data and (2) transfer these detection functions to CPUE models for improved inference. Shown empirically through a simulation study, this approach improves estimates of abundance and the ability to detect temporal trends. We apply our transfer learning method using CR and CPUE data to recreationally important smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) fisheries in Pennsylvania, USA rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 9","pages":"e70491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13577825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing- and nongrowing-season warming affect invasive plant growth via soil legacy effects.","authors":"Guoyong Li, Yinzhan Liu, Ayub M O Oduor, Luna Zhang, Yanjie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate warming is seasonally asymmetric, yet its impact on plant invasions is typically studied using uniform year-round warming, which may obscure season-specific mechanisms. In a pristine grassland, we used a four-year 2 × 2 factorial field-warming experiment coupled with a greenhouse bioassay to test how growing- and nongrowing-season warming influence soil nitrogen, fungal communities, and subsequent invasive plant performance. Growing-season warming increased soil NH₄ ⁺-N, NO₃ ^--N, and available nitrogen, and elevated the effective species number of pathogenic fungi. Nongrowing-season warming increased soil NO₃ ^--N and generated soil legacies that enhanced invasive plant biomass and root allocation. Conversely, year-round warming reduced soil NO₃ ^--N and suppressed invasive biomass relative to nongrowing-season warming. Moreover, invasive plant biomass was positively related to soil NO₃ ^--N but showed no correlation with the effective species number of pathogenic fungi. Our findings show that warming produces seasonally contingent soil legacies mediated by specific nitrogen pathways. Predicting invasion dynamics under climate change requires seasonally explicit frameworks, rather than relying on annual mean temperature increases alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 9","pages":"e70446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial light at night and an invasive snail synergistically enhance the invasion of a nonnative macrophyte.","authors":"Jingjing Xue, Ayub M O Oduor, Hong-Li Li, Feng Li, Yanjie Liu","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.70458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivory shapes plant invasion outcomes, yet its role in aquatic plant invasions under artificial light at night (ALAN) remains poorly understood. We conducted three experiments using an invasive macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum, a native macrophyte community comprising Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum spicatum, as well as an invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata, and a native snail Cipangopaludina chinensis, in our study area, to test the combined effects of ALAN and herbivory on nonnative macrophyte invasions. In the absence of grazing, ALAN increased M. aquaticum height and total biomass, but had no effect on native species. In 4-day feeding assays, P. canaliculata consumed all native species but consistently avoided M. aquaticum under both light treatments. In community mesocosms, the invasive snail reduced native macrophyte biomass by 48.0% under No-ALAN and by 87.2% under ALAN without affecting M. aquaticum, thereby increasing proportional biomass of M. aquaticum within the community, with a stronger effect under ALAN. Therefore, ALAN may indirectly facilitate nonnative macrophyte invasions by amplifying their relative biomass within native communities, particularly in the presence of invasive herbivores, and may promote invasional meltdown through selective herbivory.</p>","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 9","pages":"e70458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DRIFteRS: A dataset of drift invertebrate densities in streams and rivers across western North America, 1997-2024.","authors":"Elsa K Toskey, Toshio Matsuoka, Peter M Kiffney, Sean M Naman, Martin C Liermann, Javan Bailey, David A Beauchamp, J Ryan Bellmore, Christopher A Binckley, Steve Blumenshine, Timothy J Caldwell, Michael P Carey, Shannon Claeson, Chelsea Clawson, Rosa Cox, Kara J Cromwell, Robert J Danehy, Michael J Dodrill, Jeffrey J Duda, Jason B Fellman, Adrianne Z Grimm, Tyson B Hallbert, Chris E Jordan, Ernest R Keeley, Brian P Kennedy, Theodore A Kennedy, Andre E Kohler, Erin D Lowery, Kate Macneale, Kyle D Martens, Sarah A Morley, Jeffrey D Muehlbauer, Jason B Neuswanger, Alison O'Dowd, Shelley Pneh, Mary Power, Suzanne J Rhoades, Jordan Rosenfeld, Gabriel Rossi, Beth L Sanderson, Katy K Shelby, Thomas Starkey-Owens, Jamie N Thompson, Carol Volk, Jasmine S Williamshen, Robert W Wisseman","doi":"10.1002/ecy.70387","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecy.70387","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prey availability is among the most influential and highly variable determinants of fish growth and freshwater habitat carrying capacity, yet it remains understudied compared to physical habitat variables (Ouellet et al., 2025; Rosenfeld et al., 2014; Weber et al., 2017). We often lack a clear understanding of how much food is available to fishes, how it varies spatially and temporally, and how it influences responses to restoration (Ouellet et al., 2025; Rossi et al., 2024; Wipfli et al., 2010). Drift invertebrates-the primary food source for juvenile salmonids and other drift-foraging fishes-play a pivotal role in these dynamics. To better understand the spatiotemporal variability of drift invertebrate abundance and biomass across the freshwater range of drift-feeding salmonids in western North America, we compiled the DRift Invertebrates For salmonids in River Systems (DRIFteRS) dataset. The dataset encompasses 6125 samples of drift invertebrates, and, for a subset of drift samples, associated benthic invertebrate density data, collected from 1360 reaches on 459 unique rivers and streams spanning 55 river basins considered hydrologically independent (i.e., not nested within the same larger watershed) across British Columbia, Canada, and the U.S. states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sample sites represent a diverse array of river and stream habitats (e.g., headwater, mainstem, side channel), in watersheds with diverse land uses (e.g., urban, wilderness, agricultural), and disturbance histories (e.g., fire, restoration). Collected between 1997 and 2024, the data span the full calendar year and capture daily and seasonal patterns in drift abundance and biomass densities. When paired with water quality and quantity data as well as remotely sensed environmental landscape data, such as land use/land cover, climate, and disturbance history, channel morphology, and riparian vegetation composition, the DRIFteRS dataset can aid in identifying key drivers of drift invertebrate densities and mean body size and support predictive modeling in unsampled locations and times. The dataset may also be used to analyze aquatic-terrestrial resource flows, derive prey-encounter rates and profitability (mean prey size), and inform broader investigations of sit-and-wait foraging ecology, especially when paired with data on drift-foraging predators. For salmonid-focused applications, the dataset can be integrated into habitat evaluation models, including bioenergetic (e.g., Naman et al., 2019) and life cycle models (e.g., Beechie et al., 2023), to improve estimates of habitat capacity and population dynamics for river- and stream-rearing salmonids. Understanding prey availability dynamics is increasingly important, because rising water temperatures increase salmonid metabolic demands (Crozier et al., 2010). Flow regime transitions (i.e., snow or glacier dominated to rain dominated; Beec","PeriodicalId":93986,"journal":{"name":"Ecology","volume":"107 9","pages":"e70387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13575719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}