Archives of medical research最新文献

{"title":"Hypoglycemia and Clinical Outcomes in Non-Diabetic Adults Hospitalized with Acute Infection.","authors":"Hussein Zaitoon, Papanun Mahapol, Savia Rosembarque, Matteo Lalovich, Hadel Khalil, Eugene Feigin","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypoglycemia in hospitalized adults without diabetes is often considered incidental, but acute infection may disrupt glucose homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the incidence of hypoglycemia in adults without diabetes hospitalized for acute infection and evaluate its association with clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 64,871 adults without diabetes admitted for acute infection between 2010 and 2025 at a tertiary academic center. Patients with diabetes or prior glucose-lowering therapy were excluded. Mild hypoglycemia was defined as 55-69 mg/dL and severe hypoglycemia as < = 54 mg/dL. Outcomes included 30 and 90 d mortality, clinical deterioration, and ICU admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypoglycemia occurred in 8,827 patients (13.6%): 5,684 (8.8%) had mild and 3,143 (4.8%) had severe hypoglycemia. Mortality increased by hypoglycemia severity. For 90 d mortality, adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20-1.42; p <0.001) for mild and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.57-1.91; p <0.001) for severe hypoglycemia. For 30 d mortality, aORs were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.07-1.33; p <0.001) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.51-1.91; p <0.001), respectively. Achievement of subsequent normoglycemia following hypoglycemia was associated with lower observed mortality, whereas transition to hyperglycemia was associated with worse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adults without diabetes hospitalized for acute infections, hypoglycemia is common and associated with mortality in a severity-dependent manner. Glycemic overshoot after correction may identify an additional high-risk state, supporting careful glucose monitoring and controlled correction during acute illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"58 1","pages":"103536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Extra Virgin Olive Oil-enriched Diet in Diabetic Dams on the Decidua of offspring Prone to Gestational Diabetes.","authors":"Cintia Romina Gatti, Sabrina Lorena Roberti, Verónica Montero, Florencia Schibert, Virginia Soledad Taylor, Romina Higa, Alicia Jawerbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During early pregnancy, the decidua supports embryo development and maternal adaptations to pregnancy. Maternal diabetes programs gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in offspring, and a pro-oxidant intrauterine environment has been implicated. Diets enriched with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) can provide antioxidant effects. This study hypothesized that EVOO-enriched diets administered to pregestational diabetic pregnant rats (F0) would confer beneficial effects on the decidua of their early-pregnant offspring (F1), who are prone to developing GDM.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate signaling pathways and pro-oxidant state markers in the decidua of 9 d pregnant offspring of diabetic dams who either received or did not receive a 6% EVOO-enriched diet during the F0 pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats with mild diabetes and controls were fed diets with or without 6% EVOO during F0 pregnancy, and their 9 d pregnant offspring were then evaluated. Markers of decidual function (prolactin, PPAR and mTOR pathways) and the pro-oxidant state were evaluated in the decidua.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite normal maternal glycemia and progesterone levels, the decidua of 9 d pregnant offspring of diabetic dams exhibited reduced prolactin and mTOR pathway activity. PPAR levels decreased, while microRNAs that regulate their expression increased. These alterations were not prevented by the EVOO-enriched diet provided in the F0 generation. Levels of FABP4 (involved in decidualization and a marker of a pro-oxidant state) and lipoperoxidation were increased in the decidua of 9 d pregnant offspring of diabetic dams. The EVOO-enriched diet prevented these alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maternal diabetes programs impaired markers of decidualization and the pro-oxidant state in early-pregnancy offspring. These alterations were partially ameliorated by maternal diets enriched with EVOO.</p>","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"58 1","pages":"103532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149248020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Postnatal Vitamin D Exposure Improves Colonic Integrity and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Young Adult Rats Subjected to Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Luan Kelwyny Thaywã Marques da Silva, Raul Manhães-de-Castro, Márcia Maria da Silva, Henrique José Cavalcanti Bezerra Gouveia, Thallyany Lieuthiana Dos Santos Gentil, Gabrielly Layssa Dos Santos, Julianny Amália Gomes Pereira da Silva, Maria Daniele Teixeira Beltrão de Lemos, Ana Elisa Toscano","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent motor disorder resulting from perinatal central nervous system injuries, often accompanied by systemic alterations, including gastrointestinal impairments. Vitamin D (VD) is a prohormone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that is essential for intestinal integrity. This study examined the impact of early postnatal VD exposure on somatic development, feeding behavior, intestinal histomorphometry, and oxidative stress in an experimental CP model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two male Wistar pups were assigned to four groups (Control/CP + VD/Vehicle). The CP model involved perinatal anoxia combined with hindlimb restriction (P2-P28). VD (5 μg/kg/d) or Vehicle was administered intraperitoneally from P2-P30. The following parameters were assessed: somatic growth, indirect calorimetry, satiety behavior, colonic histomorphometry, and oxidative stress (MDA, carbonyls, SOD, CAT). Data were analyzed with ANOVA, considering p <0.05 to be significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VD partially attenuated early growth impairment, increasing body weight during the supplementation period. CPD animals exhibited a lower RQ and earlier satiety onset (session 5 vs. session 8). VD preserved colonic morphology, increasing mucosal thickness (p <0.0001). In addition, VD reduced colonic oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels (p = 0.0080) and protein carbonyl levels (p <0.0001), while increasing catalase activity (p <0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early postnatal VD administration modulates metabolic and intestinal parameters in experimental CP. VD partially attenuated early growth impairment, advanced satiety onset, preserved colonic structure, and reduced oxidative stress. These findings provide preclinical evidence that early postnatal VD supplementation may partially mitigate systemic alterations associated with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"58 1","pages":"103538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149240815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Effect of the Emergent Pollutant and Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A in Male BALBc/AnN Mice.","authors":"Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro, Valeria López Salazar, Mariana Segovia-Mendoza, Galileo Escobedo, Gustavo Pacheco López, Martha Patricia Sierra-Vargas, Armando Pérez-Torres, Javier Velazquez-Moctezuma, Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez, Antonio González-Chávez, Jorge Morales-Montor","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical with estrogenic properties that affects various tissues. It has been linked to chronic and inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the obesogenic effects of a single neonatal administration of BPA on obesity and its underlying mechanisms in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established a neonatal BPA administration model in mice and measured various biochemical parameters. We also analyzed retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and gonadal fat depots using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, to provide a translational context, we measured the serum BPA levels in male obese patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neonatal BPA administration in mice induced chronic dimorphic obesity and metabolic syndrome only in male mice. These findings were also reproducible in obese male patients, who exhibited higher concentrations of this endocrine-disrupting chemical than their non-obese counterparts. In addition, the results showed that the number of adult male mice was significantly higher in the BPA-treated group compared with the control and vehicle groups. Metabolic and biochemical parameters, such as adipose tissue, cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose, were also significantly higher in mice that received BPA in the neonatal stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Single neonatal BPA administration could be used as a novel strategy in the study of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"58 1","pages":"103517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149247958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"This Expression of Concern Relates to: Kamalidehghan B, Houshmand M, Patimah I, Shafa Shariat Panahi M, Hosseini Akbari MH. ΔmtDNA⁴⁹⁷⁷ Is More Common in Non-tumoral Cells from Gastric Cancer Sample. Arch Med Res. 2006;37:730-735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.02.005.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2026.103493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"57 6","pages":"103493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liraglutide Ameliorates Gamma Radiation-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats: The Role of an Autophagy Flux Activation via LKB1/AMPK/mTOR Axis.","authors":"Esraa M Samy, Esmat A Shaaban","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Radiation-induced hepatotoxicity is a major challenge during radiotherapy. This study aims to evaluate the potential ameliorative outcome and underlying mechanisms of liraglutide (LIRA) in mitigating acute liver injury caused by radiation exposure in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Animals were administered LIRA subcutaneously (50 µg/kg/twice daily) for two weeks, and then exposed to whole body γ-radiation (6 Gy) 1 h after the last LIRA dose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that LIRA efficiently ceased radiation-induced hepatotoxicity. Autophagy is a vital process for maintaining cellular balance and LIRA boosted it by upregulating the expression of the autophagy markers AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and LKB1 (liver kinase B1), and downregulating mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). Furthermore, LIRA maintained liver enzyme levels close to baseline, and inhibited oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and stimulating the production of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione (GSH). Moreover, Western blotting confirmed that LIRA blocked the inflammatory response in liver tissues by decreasing the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf₂) relative proteins. Histological analysis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining proved that LIRA effectively restored liver tissue architecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, LIRA attenuated radiation-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating the LKB1/AMPK/mTOR pathway, and could be a promising radioprotector during radiotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"57 2","pages":"103296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ Provenance Case.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arcmed.2025.103339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93881,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical research","volume":"56 7","pages":"103339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}