Translational medicine and exercise prescription最新文献

{"title":"Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology","authors":"C. Fairman, J. Christensen","doi":"10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted Exercise Training for Cancer Patients: Moving beyond Generic Exercise Guidelines in Clinical Oncology\u0000\u0000Ciaran M Fairman1 and Jesper F Christensen()2,3 \u0000\u0000\u00001Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, USA\u00002Center for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark\u00003Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000The field of exercise oncology has rapidly evolved over the past 30 years. Initial investigations of safety and feasibility have progressed towards efficacy and effectiveness trials with a variety of health-related outcomes in mind. More recently, it has been recognized that interventions aimed at modifying physical activity behavior (i.e. behavioral interventions to increase participation in un/structured physical activity) are distinctly different from those aiming to target a clinically relevant outcome (using a specific exercise prescription). There is a strong rationale for the latter, where cancer/treatment toxicities can result in musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and/or hematological declines with important prognostic implications. Treatment intolerance, unfavorable tumor response and heightened risk of mortality are all consequences of leaving these impairments unaddressed. Importantly, the control/reversal of the decline in these systems is more likely to occur through a targeted exercise prescription, specifically designed to target the impairment, rather than interventions trying to change behavior. This requires careful consideration in the study design in exercise oncology in relation to the selection of clinically relevant outcomes, decisions on methods of assessments and ensuring the exercise is targeted to the outcome.\u0000    The objective of this review is to 1) conceptualize and provide a clinical rationale for targeted exercise interventions in exercise oncology, and 2) provide a framework for consideration in the design and execution in targeted exercise interventions in oncology. We hope that this framework can encourage research into targeted exercise interventions in oncology and that our framework can be used to inform the design of future trials.","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73889428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Secondary Outcomes from a Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of Cocoa Flavonoid Drinks","authors":"Maedeh Mansoubi, S. Coe, J. Cossington, J. Collet, M. Clegg, J. Palace, A. Cavey, G. DeLuca, Martin Ovington, H. Dawes","doi":"10.53941/tmep.v1i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Physical Activity and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Secondary Outcomes from a Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of Cocoa Flavonoid Drinks\u0000\u0000Maedeh Mansoubi()1,2, Shelly Coe1,2,3, Jo Cossington1, Johnny Collet1,2, Miriam Clegg4, Jacqueline Palace5, Ana Cavey5, Gabriele C DeLuca5, Martin Ovington1 and Helen Dawes1,2,6 \u0000\u0000\u00001Center for Movement, Occupational and Rehabilitation Sciences, Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom\u00002Oxford Clinical Allied Technology and Trial Services Unit (OxCATTS), Oxford, United Kingdom\u00003Oxford Brookes Center for Nutrition and Health, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom\u00004Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom\u00005Department of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom\u00006Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Fatigue is a common and pervasive symptom reducing physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Exercise may reduce fatigue, although evidence to guide optimal prescription is limited. Specifically, supportive evidence for the timing of exercise for fatigue management or the impact of dietary supplements is unavailable. We performed intensive phenotyping of the interrelation of time of day, physical activity levels, and fatigue to evidence exercise prescription in 40 pwMS participating in a six week randomized controlled trial of morning flavonoid intake (n=19) or a control (n=21). Physical activity was measured over seven days by using an accelerometer at baseline, week three and week six. Participants self-reported their fatigue on a 1–10 rating scale at 10 am, 3 pm, and 8 pm daily. Physical activity levels were calculated for 2.5 h before and after fatigue was reported. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore the time of day fatigue profiles, the relationship of physical activity to fatigue, and the effect of morning flavonoids on this relationship. Participants experienced higher fatigue at 8 pm (4.64±2.29) than at 3 pm (4.39±2.28) and 10 am (3.90±2.10) (P<0.001). Higher fatigue was shown to predict subsequent lower physical activity behavior (P=0.015), but physical activity did not predict higher subsequent fatigue (P>0.05). Morning flavonoid cocoa consumption reduced the relationship of fatigue to physical activity (P=0.049) and fatigue to time of the day (P<0.001). Fatigue levels increased during the day and higher fatigue reduced physical activity in pwMS, but physical activity did not increase fatigue. In addition, morning cocoa reduced daytime fatigue and the relationship of fatigue to subsequent physical activity levels. Therefore morning exercise prescription is indicated; in combination with dietary flavonoids, it may optimize exercise and physical activity potential in pwMS.\u0000Trial registrati","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86839750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Training for Rehabilitation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis","authors":"B. Vainshelboim, J. Myers","doi":"10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance Training for Rehabilitation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis\u0000\u0000Baruch Vainshelboim()1 and Jonathan Myers2 \u0000\u0000\u00001Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA\u00002Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System / Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating condition that causes severe symptoms, impaired functional capacity and poor quality of life. Exercise training has been shown to be a safe and effective therapy for improving physical function, dyspnea and quality of life in patients with IPF. However, due to pathophysiological limitations and symptom burden, conducting safe and effective exercise interventions is challenging; optimal program components and training modalities are yet to be established. Resistance training (RT) is a well-established exercise modality for combating effects of aging, disuse and chronic diseases, although there are scarce data available among patients with IPF. The current review briefly summarizes the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of IPF and describes the numerous health and clinical benefits of RT among older adults and patients with respiratory disease. It then explores the potential RT mechanisms for overcoming exercise limitations in IPF, which may provide a therapeutic opportunity for rehabilitation. Finally, the review suggests practical RT recommendations for pulmonary rehabilitation programs in patients with IPF.","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76891167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function","authors":"T. Yates, J. Henson, J. Sargeant, J. King, E. Ahmad, F. Zaccardi, M. Davies","doi":"10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/TMEP.V1I1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise, Pharmaceutical Therapies and Type 2 Diabetes: Looking beyond Glycemic Control to Whole Body Health and Function\u0000\u0000Thomas Yates()1,2, Joseph Henson1,2, Jack Sargeant1,2, James A King2,4, Ehtasham Ahmad1, Francesco Zaccardi1,3 and Melanie J Davies1,2 \u0000\u0000\u00001Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK\u00002NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Center, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, UK\u00003Leicester Real World Evidence Unit, Diabetes Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK\u00004National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Exercise is a powerful therapy for improving glycemic control and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a dearth of evidence investigating interactions or synergies between exercise and most pharmaceutical therapies. This is important as exercise is rarely prescribed in isolation of other background medications used to manage T2DM. Therefore understanding which exercise and drug combinations optimize or blunt responses is crucial. This narrative review discusses advances in weight loss management in diabetes and highlights research opportunities and challenges for combining exercise therapies with newer generations of glucose-lowering therapies with weight loss effects, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is). We discuss the role of exercise in preserving lean mass and increasing physical function along with other potential areas of synergy. We conclude that until the evidence base investigating areas of interaction or synergy between exercise and other glucose-lowering or weight loss therapies is developed, exercise will remain a generic rather than a tailored therapy in the management of T2DM. ","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87137022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational Medicine and Exercise Prescription (TMEP): Advancing the Era of Exercise Medicine","authors":"Sulin Cheng, M. Schumann, W. Bloch","doi":"10.53941/tmep.v1i1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Translational Medicine and Exercise Prescription (TMEP): Advancing the Era of Exercise Medicine\u0000\u0000Sulin Cheng1,2,3,4, Moritz Schumann()2,4 and Wilhelm Bloch4\u0000\u0000\u00001Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China\u00002Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China\u00003Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland\u00004Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000\"Exercise is medicine\" has gained popularity worldwide after the American Medical Association and the American College of Sports Medicine co-launched their ground-breaking health initiative in 20071 . This initiative was aimed at improving population health and well-being, mainly by raising the awareness of healthcare providers to regard performing physical activity (PA) as one of the vital signs. Ever since, this concept has spread worldwide and PA has been proposed as an essential part of treatment for chronic diseases2 . In their pioneering work, Pedersen and Saltin provided compelling evidence for the role of exercise as the first- or second-line therapy for at least 26 diseases2 . These findings are further corroborated by meta-epidemiological data, indicating exercise interventions to be as effective as drug interventions, such as during rehabilitation after stroke and for the treatment of heart failure3 . However, the overall effect appears to be strongly correlated with important determinants of the exercise program performed (i.e. dose of training [frequency, volume, intensity], type of exercise and adherence to the training program) and disease-related specifics4 , thus requiring not only clinical expertise but also an in-depth understanding of exercise physiology and biology.\u0000  In this new journal-Translational Medicine and Exercise Prescription (TMEP), we are aiming to bring together the fields of exercise physiology and biology, sports medicine and the science of physical training and testing to bridge the gap between mechanistic research and clinical practice. The journal covers nine sections, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological and psychiatric diseases, pulmonary diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, endocrine disorders as well as advanced exercise prescription and health maintenance. In this first issue of TMEP, we are delighted to present seven papers from different areas of translational research performed in humans on specific themes related to the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases.\u0000  Appropriate selection of primary and secondary endpoints is critical for successfully designing translational studies. In the first paper of this issue, TMEP Section Editor, Jörn Rittweger provides his thoughts on \"What Are Good Muscle Endpoints for Translational Studies?\". In his important work, he highli","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88258954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Amy R. Lane, A. Hackney, A. Smith‐Ryan, Kristen L. Kucera, J. Register-Mihalik, K. Ondrak","doi":"10.53941/tmep.v1i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is predicated on the assumption that low energy availability (EA) induces deficiencies-dysfunction in multiple physiologic systems. However, research on RED-S and EA in male athletes is limited in comparison to women. The aim of this study is to investigate EA and the risk factors for RED-S, and their potential associations in non-elite male endurance athletes. Laboratory assessments for resting metabolic rate (RMR), bone mineral density (BMD), blood hormonal biomarkers and maximal aerobic capacity were conducted on 60 competitive, recreationally trained male endurance athletes (age=43.4±11.6 years [mean±SD], training=10.9±2.7 h/wk, 7.1±8.8 years). Participants provided 7-days of training logs and 4-days of diet records. Diet and training records were used to calculate EA. Correlations were used to examine associations between EA and RMR, BMD, stress fractures and reproductive, metabolic and bone biomarkers. Mean EA was 28.7±13.4 kcal/kg fat free mass (FFM), which categorized our sample as low EA (based upon published criterion, < 30 kcal/kg FFM) and at a high risk for RED-S. Hormonal and bone biomarkers were in normal clinical ranges, even though EA was low. The only interesting significant association was EA being negatively associated with total body BMD (r = -0.360, P =0.005), opposite of expectations. On average our subjects displayed a state of low EA based upon the criterion which has been primarily developed from female-based research. Nonetheless, our participants displayed no major hormonal or bone health disturbances found in athletes diagnosed with RED-S. A value of < 30 kcal/kg FFM to diagnose low EA may not be appropriate for non-elite endurance trained men.","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88697857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Are Good Muscle Endpoints for Translational Studies?","authors":"J. Rittweger","doi":"10.53941/tmep.v1i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"What Are Good Muscle Endpoints for Translational Studies?\u0000\u0000Jörn Rittweger()1,2\u0000\u0000\u00001Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany\u00002Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany\u0000\u0000© The Author\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Muscles matter to our health because of their size, their involvement in energy metabolism and their relevance for locomotion. Adequate selection of good endpoints is crucial for successfully designing translational studies. At least eight different muscle functions matter to health, namely the mechanical functions of exerting force, velocity, power, elastic storage and braking power, the two metabolic functions of substrate uptake (e.g. carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids) and substrate provision (e.g. lactate and amino acids) and secretory functions. However, specific endpoint tests have been validated for muscle force and power only. Walking speed and grip strength demonstrate good predictive value for hard clinical endpoints, such as disability, loss of autonomy and death. Vertical jump power also has good ecological validity and construct validity, and it depicts excellent test-retest reliability, which is an important advantage with regard to the study of power. Assessment of muscle mass, e.g. by magnetic resonance imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance, should be considered as an important secondary endpoint to enhance construct validity. Further secondary endpoints should be included wherever they are likely to enhance the plausibility of the study outcome and assessment of test-retest reliability at baseline is always recommended. Well-established methods exist for three relevant muscular endpoints, namely power, strength and muscle mass, and these endpoints lend themselves to utilization in clinical studies. However, such validated methods lack a number of additional muscle functions that are scientifically only emerging. This applies foremost to the metabolic function of muscles but also to its role in storage and dissipation of mechanical energy.","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90737241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?","authors":"Antonia Giacco, E. Silvestri, R. Senese, F. Cioffi, Arianna Cuomo, A. Lombardi, M. Moreno, A. Lanni, P. de Lange","doi":"10.53941/tmep.v1i1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53941/tmep.v1i1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise with Energy Restriction as a Means of Losing Body Mass while Preserving Muscle Quality and Ameliorating Co-morbidities: Towards a Therapy for Obesity?\u0000\u0000Antonia Giacco1*, Elena Silvestri1*, Rosalba Senese2, Federica Cioffi1, Arianna Cuomo2, Assunta Lombardi3, Maria Moreno1, Antonia Lanni2 and Pieter de Lange()2 \u0000\u0000\u00001Dipartimento di Science e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy\u00002Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli,\" Caserta, Italy\u00003Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli \"Federico II,\" Napoli, Italy\u0000\u0000© The Authors\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Obesity and related co-morbidities are a major public health threat worldwide, and efforts to counteract obesity by means of physiological interventions are currently being explored and applied. Here we present an overview of the literature on the effect of dietary/exercise-based programs on loss of different components of body mass. We also discuss gain or lack of loss of lean mass in view of muscle quality maintenance, which is an important aspect to consider when employing weight-loss strategies to tackle obesity. By comparing results obtained in participants with mild to severe obesity with those obtained in lean participants, we highlight variations in the success of these interventions. Furthermore, we briefly address the observation that although certain interventions may not always affect body composition they can nevertheless ameliorate co-morbidities (insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Based on what is currently known, in this narrative review we include data from human and animal studies related to the process of unravelling the mechanisms underlying conservation of functional muscle mass.","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84085109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Availability and RED-S Risk Factors in Competitive, Non-elite Male Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Amy R Lane,&nbsp;Anthony C Hackney,&nbsp;Abbie E Smith-Ryan,&nbsp;Kristen Kucera,&nbsp;Johna K Register-Mihalik,&nbsp;Kristin Ondrak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is predicated on the assumption that low energy availability (EA) induces deficiencies-dysfunction in multiple physiologic systems. However, research on RED-S and EA in male athletes is limited in comparison to women. The aim of this study is to investigate EA and the risk factors for RED-S, and their potential associations in non-elite male endurance athletes. Laboratory assessments for resting metabolic rate (RMR), bone mineral density (BMD), blood hormonal biomarkers and maximal aerobic capacity were conducted on 60 competitive, recreationally trained male endurance athletes (age=43.4±11.6 years [mean±SD], training=10.9±2.7 h/wk, 7.1±8.8 years). Participants provided 7-days of training logs and 4-days of diet records. Diet and training records were used to calculate EA. Correlations were used to examine associations between EA and RMR, BMD, stress fractures and reproductive, metabolic and bone biomarkers. Mean EA was 28.7±13.4 kcal/kg fat free mass (FFM), which categorized our sample as low EA (based upon published criterion, < 30 kcal/kg FFM) and at a high risk for RED-S. Hormonal and bone biomarkers were in normal clinical ranges, even though EA was low. The only interesting significant association was EA being negatively associated with total body BMD (<i>r</i> = -0.360, <i>P</i> =0.005), opposite of expectations. On average our subjects displayed a state of low EA based upon the criterion which has been primarily developed from female-based research. Nonetheless, our participants displayed no major hormonal or bone health disturbances found in athletes diagnosed with RED-S. A value of < 30 kcal/kg FFM to diagnose low EA may not be appropriate for non-elite endurance trained men.</p>","PeriodicalId":93388,"journal":{"name":"Translational medicine and exercise prescription","volume":"1 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8294781/pdf/nihms-1710710.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39215547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}