International journal of ophthalmic research最新文献

{"title":"FLASH: A Novel Tool to Identify Vision-Threating Eye Emergencies.","authors":"Neil Jairath,&nbsp;Patrick Commiskey,&nbsp;Ariane Kaplan,&nbsp;Yannis M Paulus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Two million patients visit emergency departments due to eye complaints annually in the United States, yet nearly one-quarter of these visits are for non-urgent ocular problems. Other patients often present a significant length of time after the onset of their symptoms, which may cause progression to irreversible vision loss. A major reason for this discrepancy is that many patients are unsure what symptoms constitute eye emergencies. The challenge is helping patients understand what constitutes a vision-threatening eye emergency, as well as the risks and complications that are associated with delaying their visit to the ophthalmologist or Emergency Department.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe relevant literature on incidence, prevalence, presentation times, associated prognoses, risks, and complications of individual vision-threating eye emergencies, and present a novel acronym, FLASH (Floaters and flashes, Loss of vision, Aching pain, Second Image, Help), to better educate patients at risk for these conditions, fostering better symptom recognition and timely care. This manuscript is aimed at reaching public health departments, educational institutions, primary care offices and eye care centers as part of a dedicated patient education effort for vision-threatening eye emergencies.</p><p><strong>Design / methods: </strong>Narrative overview of the available literature on specific eye conditions presenting with the aforementioned symptoms, synthesizing findings retrieved from searches of computerized databases and authoritative texts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In each condition presented in this article, symptom interval significantly impacts treatment prognoses. The cited literature demonstrates that patients often present late in emergent eye conditions resulting in vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":"6 1","pages":"336-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8208706/pdf/nihms-1710461.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39243376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Concentrations of Carbachol Drops on the Outcome of Presbyopia Treatment – A Randomized Study","authors":"A. Abdelkader","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.89","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate and compare in a masked fashion the influence of using two different concentrations of carbachol drops on the outcome of presbyopia treatment. Methods: A prospective, double-masked, randomized study. 57 emmetropic and presbyopic subjects aged between 44 and 60 years with an uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 20/20 in both eyes without additional ocular pathology were eligible for inclusion. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=32 eyes) received single dose of 2.25% carbachol plus 0.2% brimonidine eye drops. Group 2 (n=25) received single dose of 3% carbachol plus 0.2% brimonidine eye drops. The subjects’ pupil size and both near and distance visual acuities were evaluated before and after treatment at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hr, by a masked examiner at the same room illumination. Results: Statistically significant improvement in mean near visual acuity (NVA) was achieved in all subjects who received both concentrations of carbachol plus brimonidine drops (P < 0.0001). Significant and sustained improvement in mean NVA was reported in higher concentrations of carbachol drops than in lower concentrations (P < 0.0001). No serious adverse ocular effects were observed in any of the subjects of both groups. Conclusion: Based on the data, higher concentration of carbachol was found to be safe and provided greater efficacy in improving near visual acuity than lower concentration with prolonged duration of action.","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48146039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjunctival Autograft Versus Non-bare Sclera Mitomycin C in Surgery of Primary Pterygium","authors":"A. Abdelkader","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.88","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of using conjunctival autograft and non-bare sclera mitomycin C (MMC) techniques as two treatment options for primary pterygium. Patients and Methods: Retrospective comparative study included 55 eyes in 55 patients with primary pterygium. 30 eyes of 30 patients (group 1) underwent pterygium excision followed by conjunctival autograft. 25 eyes of 25 patients (group 2) underwent pterygium removal followed by intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for 2 minutes with conjunctival preservation (non-bare sclera technique). Both groups were compared in terms of surgery time, pterygium size, cosmetic effect, pterygium recurrence and complications. Results: Mean pterygium size was (3.1 ± 0.64 mm and 2.6 ± 0.94 mm) in group 1 and 2, respectively (p =0.1). Mean surgery time was significantly shorter in MMC group (26.4 ± 6.39 min) as compared  to conjunctival autograft group (47.9 ± 11.7 min) (P < 0.0001).  Pterygium recurrence was not seen in any of the patients. Mean follow up time was (14.8 ± 6 and 17.2 ± 9.6 months) in group 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.4). Conclusion: Both conjunctival graft and non-bare sclera MMC techniques are comparable as regard of pterygium recurrence. MMC technique has significantly shorter surgery time, better cosmoses and lower incidence of complications. Preserving the conjunctiva should be considered when the patient has a history of glaucoma or there is insufficient conjunctiva.","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48369596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Correlative Study of Duration of Diabetes Mellitus, Microalbuminuria, Hyperlipidaemia with the Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy","authors":"P. Garg, Smriti Mishra, Ritika Mullick","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.87","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The present study was carried out with an aim to study the concordance and correlation of microalbuminuria, dyslipidemia with the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in type II diabetes mellitus patient and to provide a possible basis for explanation of mechanisms governing this relationship. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in North India.The patients underwent thorough history and ocular evaluation.The patients included in the study were advised to undergo biochemical investigations for Blood sugar, Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio in a random spot collection of urine and Lipid profile. Patients with acute or chronic renal failure, Opaque/hazy ocular media preventing fundus visualization, Co-existing ocular disorders likely to mask the findings of diabetic retinopathy, Patients with presence of any of the confounding factors, like fever, active systemic infections, exercise, high protein intake, accelerated hypertension, congestive heart failure, patients not willing to participate in the study were excluded from the study. RESULTS: 444 subjects of either gender were included in our study, out of which 236 patients were females and the rest were males. Majority of the patients lied in the age group of 41-60 years (54.73%) followed by 61-80 years (29.28%) and 20-40 years (15.09%), while only 4(0.90%) patients were aged >80 years. A statistically significant association with severity of retinopathy and the age of the patients was observed. Proportion of Group I (No retinopathy) was higher in younger patients i.e. 20- 40 (74.6%) and 41-60 (54.3%) as compared to elderly cases i.e. 61-80 (46.2%) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant association was found between the severity of retinopathy and duration of diabetes (p<0.001). Proportion of severe to very severe retinopathy and proliferative diabetic retinopathy were higher in higher grade of microalbuminuria (Grade II and Grade III). A statistically significant association between microalbuminuria grade and severity of retinopathy was observed (p<0.001). Total cholesterol was found to be high (240 mg/dl) in 13.74%patients. Prevalence of retinopathy was 60.7%, in patients having high total cholesterol levels. Proportional difference in severity of retinopathy in patients with different total cholesterol levels was found to be statistically significant (p=0.002). Trivariate analysis between severity of retinopathy, microalbuminuria and serum cholesterol levels, revealed that in microalbuminuria grade 0, difference in prevalence of retinopathy in patients with different serum cholesterol levels was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Duration of diabetes and microalbuminuria have been found to be the independent risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, but serum cholesterol levels did not show an independent role in our study. The findings in present study endorsed the view that mic","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45604365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular Pressure Changes Following the Administration of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: A Mini -Review","authors":"O. Karti, A. Osman Saatci","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.86","url":null,"abstract":"Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (IDI) (Ozurdex®, Allergan, Inc. Irvine, CA) is the sustained-release corticosteroid device approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of macular edema resulting from diabetes mellitus, non-infectious uveitis and retinal vein occlusion. Along with its anti-inflammatory effects, the most common associated side-effects are cataract formation and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. Although the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear, increased aqueous outflow resistance resulted from the biochemical and structural changes in the trabecular meshwork is deemed responsible for the already well-known IOP elevation. This mini-review evaluated the major clinical trials on IOP changes following the 0.7 mg IDI administration and summarized their main results on IOP changes and its management.","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47437708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purtscher Retinopathy and Fat Embolism Syndrome","authors":"Cagri Ilhan","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.77","url":null,"abstract":"Purtscher retinopathy and fat embolism syndrome are chorioretinopathies occurred after indirect ocular trauma. These diseases look like similar conditions but there are important differences which are help to differential diagnosis. In general, trauma is responsible from these diseases; but crush trauma play role in Purtscher retinopathy, while bone fracture play role in fat embolism syndrome. Retinal whitening is dominant funduscopic finding in these diseases; but whitening is wide and centrally in Purtscher retinopathy, while it is smaller and located more peripherally in fat embolism syndrome. These clinical findings associated with Purtscher retinopathy and fat embolism syndrome, resolve spontaneously in weeks or months but permanent visual loss can be seen in survivors. In this manuscript, we aimed to give general information about emergence and clinical course and differentiation of Purtscher retinopathy and fat embolism syndrome.","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46295932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Therapeutic Laser Retinal Injury.","authors":"Patrick W Commiskey,&nbsp;Curtis J Heisel,&nbsp;Yannis M Paulus","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2019.05.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As lasers have become an increasingly important component of commercial, industrial, military, and medical applications, reported incidents of non-therapeutic laser eye injuries have increased. The retina is particularly vulnerable due to the focusing power and optical transparency of the eye. Continued innovations in laser technology will likely mean that lasers will play an increasingly important and ubiquitous role throughout the world. Critical evaluation should thus be paid to ensure that non-therapeutic injuries are minimized, recognized, and treated appropriately.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature review on the PubMed database was conducted to present case reports and case series representative of the variety of laser eye injuries in different injury circumstances, tissue types, and biological damage mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A general summary of non-therapeutic laser retina injuries is presented, including information about growth of the industry, increasingly accessible online markets, inconsistent international regulation, laser classifications, laser wavelengths, and laser power, mechanisms of tissue injury, and a demonstration of the variety of settings in which injury may occur. Finally, 68 cases found in the literature are summarized to illustrate the presentations and outcomes of these patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As non-therapeutic laser eye injuries increase in frequency, there is a greater need for public health, policy, diagnosis, and treatment of these types of injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":"5 1","pages":"321-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8c/5a/nihms-1613081.PMC7486027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38472611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Retinal Laser Therapy","authors":"Jia Li, Y. Paulus","doi":"10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2018.04.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17554/j.issn.2409-5680.2018.04.70","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1960s, laser therapies have played a critical role in the treatment of numerous retinal diseases. Significant advances have been made in laser technology and the molecular understanding of laser-tissue interactions over the past 55 years to maximize the therapeutic effect while minimizing side-effects. While pharmacologic therapies (e.g., anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or anti-VEGF) are playing a larger role, laser therapy remains an important treatment modality for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular edema (DME), sickle cell retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, central serous chorioretinopathy, tumors, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, and retinal tears. With the development new laser technologies such as selective retinal therapy, subthreshold micropulse laser, nanosecond laser, photomediated ultrasound therapy, and navigated laser, the risk of adverse events has been significantly reduced. This review summarizes the latest developments in retinal laser therapy.","PeriodicalId":92798,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmic research","volume":"4 1","pages":"259 - 264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67620248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}