{"title":"Vaccine efficacy in mutant SARS-CoV-2 variants.","authors":"Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu, Chandra Sekhar Yadavalli, Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah, Anil Mishra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus remain poorly understood, including its rapid mutation and its effects on populations of different ages. The present literature of review is focused on the effectiveness of current available vaccines in view of immerging several SARS-CoV-2 variants. The most dangerous and infectious SARS-CoV-2 strain, B117, was recently discovered in the United Kingdom, and another new variant, 501.V2, was discovered in South Africa. In countries such as the United States, Japan, India, and Brazil, the variant B117 spread far more quickly than the original strain. The new SARS-CoV-2 mutations have made producing a universal and effective vaccine more difficult. SARS-CoV-2's S protein, which aids in receptor identification and membrane fusion, is a primary target for vaccine development using its mRNA or inactivated virus. Currently, in the interval of few days new more infectious SARS-CoV-2 mutant is detected, started from SARS-CoV-2 Alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), delta (B.1.617.2), delta plus, gamma (P.1) and now variant lamda. The variant detected first in Peru and spread almost 27 countries including UK that accounts for 82% of new infections. These mutant variants are posing new challenge even to the fully vaccinated individuals and a challenge for the public health. Thus, a need to review current treatment vaccination guideline and strategy as early as possible. Reporting all new SARS-CoV-2 variants and their effectiveness in response to several available vaccines, we would like to draw the attention of health care provider, and all developed countries health care agencies including WHO to frame new guidelines for vaccination and immediate intervention to control the development of new SARS-CoV-2 variants from the third world countries by providing vaccines to the poor countries as early as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":92794,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell biology and physiology","volume":"4 1-2","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8594908/pdf/nihms-1748846.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39634310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilaha Isali, Mohammed Adel Ali Al-Sadawi, Arshna Qureshi, Ahmad O Khalifa, Mukesh K Agrawal, Sanjeev Shukla
{"title":"Growth factors involve in cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration during prostate cancer metastasis.","authors":"Ilaha Isali, Mohammed Adel Ali Al-Sadawi, Arshna Qureshi, Ahmad O Khalifa, Mukesh K Agrawal, Sanjeev Shukla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growth factors play active role in cells proliferation, embryonic development regulation and cellular differentiation. Altered level growth factors promote malignant transformation of normal cells. There has been significant progress made in form of drugs, inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies against altered growth factor to treat the malignant form of cancer. Moreover, these altered growth factors in prostate cancer increases steroidal hormone levels, which promotes progression. Though this review we are highlighting the majorly involved growth factors in prostate carcinogenesis, this will enable to better design the therapeutic strategies to inhibit prostate cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":92794,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell biology and physiology","volume":"2 1-2","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7133721/pdf/nihms-1562702.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37811529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of tacrolimus (FK506) for the treatment of allergic diseases.","authors":"Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu, Anil Mishra","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.2530969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2530969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tacrolimus has been used to prevent allograft rejection and also used in kidney, liver and heart transplantations. Various preclinical and clinical studies demonstrated that Tacrolimus possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The mechanism of action of Tacrolimus in allergic diseases involves calcineurin inhibition, and downregulation of T-cell reactivity, IgE degranulation, and its actions on mast cells, dendritic cells, basophils, eosinophils and inhibition of transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. Herein we reviewed the Pharmacotherapeutic mechanism of action of Tacrolimus in the prevention of asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic conjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":92794,"journal":{"name":"International journal of cell biology and physiology","volume":"1 1-2","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783126/pdf/nihms-1032726.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41223282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}