Advances in bioresearch最新文献

{"title":"Agro-toxicological aspects of coal fly ash (FA) phytoremediation by cereal crops: effects on plant germination, growth and trace elements accumulation.","authors":"Jerzy Bilski,&nbsp;Donna Jacob,&nbsp;Kyle Mclean,&nbsp;Erin McLean,&nbsp;Fakira Soumaila,&nbsp;Mardee Lander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A vegetative cover is a remedial technique utilized on coal fly ash (FA) landfills for soil stabilization and for the physical and chemical immobilization of contaminants. There is a great concern, that plants planted or voluntarily growing on media with high content of FA may absorb toxic amounts of Se and/or heavy metals. If such plants are ingested, it may result in toxicity to animals or humans. Despite these objections, the utilization of FA as a growth medium for plants is an attractive alternative for disposal of FA in landfills. We hypothesized that selected plants will grow in media containing FA and/or bottom ash (BA) from several sources. Two coal FA, one from Montana semi-bituminous coal and another from North Dakota lignite alone or in combination with BA from Montana semi-bituminous coal were tested as plant growth media for the following plant species: barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>), oats (<i>Avena sativa</i>), rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>), wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), regreen; a hybrid between wheatgrass (<i>Agropyron cristatum</i>) and winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), and triticale; a hybrid between wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) and rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>). The concentration of Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sr, Ti, Tl, and V in growth media and in young plants was determined using Inducted Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry (ICP). All tested plant species germinated and grow in FA and/or FA + BA containing media. However, germination and/or growth of the majority of tested plants were decreased by the presence of FA and/or BA in growth media. Concentration of all analyzed elements was greater in growth media containing FA and/or BA than in soil control, and also was greater in plants grown on medium containing FA and/or BA than in soil. These data demonstrate that tested plants can grow on media consisting of coal ash, and therefore these plants can be used to cover FA or BA residue piles.</p>","PeriodicalId":92165,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioresearch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5898806/pdf/nihms898601.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36011533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary study of coal fly ash (FA) phytoremediation by selected cereal crops.","authors":"Jerzy Bilski, Donna Jacob, Kyle Mclean, Erin McLean, Mardee Lander","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on the environmentally friendly utilization of coal combustion residue, fly ash (FA) containing significant amounts of heavy metals. Knowledge about the potential use of FA as a component of growth media for plants is fragmentary. Preliminary experiments tested the possibility to grow cereal crops on media composed exclusively of FA. The analysis of seven different FA from lignite and semi-bituminous coal from North Dakota and Montana sources using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry showed high concentrations of heavy metals in coal (up to, in mg/kg): As:65, Cd:3.9, Co:38, Cr:77, Li:109, Mn:1547, Pb:106, Ni:41, V:306. Seedlings of rye, wheat, oats, barley, triticale, and regreen (hybrid between wheat and ryegrass) were planted in Petri dishes (10 cm in diameter) in growth media containing FA from lignite coal, FA from semi-bituminous coal, bottom ash, and Fargo clay soil as the control. Each treatment was performed in 3 replications, and each experiment was repeated 3 times. Germination rates, plant growth analysis, and dry matter yield were determined 2-3 weeks after planting. Germination rates and dry matter yield of oats, winterwheat and regreen were greater (10-20% above controls) in media composed of coal ash, but rye, barley, and wheat seedlings were affected by FA in media. These results show the potential for the utilization of FA as a growth media for cereal crops. Therefore, these plants might be used as green cover preventing wind erosion over the coal ash piles. However, this issue requires additional in depth investigation, including a thorough chemical analysis of plant material.</p>","PeriodicalId":92165,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioresearch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891152/pdf/nihms898602.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35999722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic biofortification of cereal crop plants with Fe, Zn, and Se, by the utilization of coal fly ash as plant growth media.","authors":"J Bilski, D Jacob, F Soumaila, C Kraft, A Farnsworth","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of agronomic biofortification of cereal crops with Fe, Zn, and Se appears to be a rapid and simple solution to the deficiency of these elements in soils and plants. These deficiencies are a reason for serious public health concerns. Low levels of Fe, Zn, and Se are important soil constraints to crop production, especially in the developing world. In our study we planted six cereal crops on soil control and different coal combustion residues, naturally rich in these micronutrients. Plants were harvested and chemically analyzed for Fe, Zn, and Se concentration using ICP. Six plant species have been tested including barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>), Jerry oats (<i>Avena sativa</i>), rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>), wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>), and ReGreen (wheat x wheatgrass hybrid (<i>Triticum aestivum x Thinopyrum intermedium</i>). All tested plants were able to establish growth on coal ash based growth media, and accumulated significant amounts of Fe, Zn, and Se. It supported our hypothesis, that phytoremediation of coal ash piles may serve also as agronomic biofortification of plants, especially cereal crops cultivated on coal fly ash (FA).</p>","PeriodicalId":92165,"journal":{"name":"Advances in bioresearch","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6168202/pdf/nihms898606.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36599613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}