Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)最新文献

{"title":"N-Glycosylation of IgG Immunoglobulin and its clinical significance","authors":"M. Papakonstantinou, G. Dryllis, M. Efstathopoulou, Dimitra Vlachopanou, Michalis Kechriotis, S. Valsami","doi":"10.7150/jbm.33922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/jbm.33922","url":null,"abstract":"The IgG immunoglobulins are the main immunoglobulins in human beings. They have the longest half time and are the most studied of all. After the Ag binding, there is a signaling through the Fc region. The post translational modification of the immunoglobulin mainly includes the N-Glycosylation and mostly the IgG one. The IgGs represent the antibodies, which are the mediators of the immunity, against extracellular bacteria and toxins. The Fcγ receptors exist in all hemopeitic cells. The extracellular parts of the receptors show high grade of homology in their amino acid sequences. Monoclonal antibodies can distinguish them. In addition to nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, sugars are also fundamental components of animal systems. Compared with advances in genomics and proteomics, the study of glycoscience is under","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71118051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing Stroke Analysis Markers for Studying Heterogeneous Disease State of Stroke","authors":"N. Rajendran, Mahadev Rao, N. Rajendran","doi":"10.7150/jbm.35760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/jbm.35760","url":null,"abstract":"Early diagnosis of Stroke is challenging due to a lack of dependable diagnostic tests. Currently, the mainstay in early detection is by monitoring health an individual through traditional risk factors such as hypertension. Seeking new determinants, relevant to millennial life style, is therefore warranted. This study reveals new Stroke Analysis Markers (SAM) including Phosphodiesterase-4D involved in cardioembolic stroke. In addition to traditional factors, new millennial risk factors such as molecular and cellular determinants were studied based on 68 years of stroke research data from 1951 to 2019. The rs152312 SNP from stroke patients of deCODE was queried in eNSEMBL, BLAST and other databases to study PDE4D isoforms. In addition, the role of infection, immune cells, inflammation, gut microbial dysbiosis, the prevalence pattern of stroke in geographically different populations were analyzed. This study identified five new millennial risk factors as potentially helpful Stroke Analysis Markers for stroke by conjoining them as a single set of five parasol factors. They include genomic, microbiologic, immunologic, socio-epigenetic factors including two contig and alternative splicing markers along with their prevalence patterns among various populations. Taking appropriate preventive management by monitoring these new risk factors in high-risk individuals during annual checkup could help physicians to make an informed decision. Though significant challenges remain to be solved further large-scale studies on parasol factors will certainly unlock the secrets of early prediction of stroke.","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71117951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes: Biological Couriers with Transformative Messages","authors":"Mohamed H Yousef, Anwar Abdelnaser","doi":"10.7150/JBM.34611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/JBM.34611","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes are nanovesicles produced by almost all cell types to the extracellular environment. These structures, initially mistaken for “cellular dust”, are key effectors of cell-cell communication and play major roles in maintaining normal physiological function and homeostatic balance as well as relaying pathology. Given their non-immunogenicity, their native membrane composition combined with the wealth of contained bioinfomative cargoes and coupled to their innate ability to cross multiple biological barriers, these tiny sacs have merited a great deal of interest in recent years and are slowly edging their way to the surface. Accruing evidence corroborating the far-reaching potential of exosomes is ever growing and easily demonstrable. Nonetheless, progress with translation of the reported outcomes to clinical settings and recognition of these tools as a multi-application platform remains much too inadequate for the outstanding potential of these biological messengers and the entailed shift in theragnostic paradigms. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate on the most recent advances in exosome research and accentuate their momentous promise as game changers in disease diagnostics and therapeutics. Finally, market transition and commercialization efforts are highlighted with a brief commentary on the status quo.","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71118060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Update","authors":"C. Kosmidis, G. Koimtzis, G. Pantos, S. Atmatzidis, E. Pavlidis, M. Kosmidou, C. Efthimiadis, G. Anthimidis, N. Varsamis, Eleni Georgakoudi, A. Tsakalidis, I. Koskinas, A. Paraschou, Konstantina Tsopouridou, Nikos Tteralli, T. Koletsa, Katerina Zarampouka, Isaac I. Kesisoglou, K. Sapalidis, P. Zarogoulidis","doi":"10.7150/jbm.29161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/jbm.29161","url":null,"abstract":"Current statistics indicate that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Major predisposing conditions are hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. To date treatment approach includes liver transplantation, surgical resection and or ablation, however; recurrence, metastasis, and mortality still remains high. Therefore, alternative treatments such as gene therapy is increasingly being considered as a feasible proposal. In this mini review we will focus on novel data of the past 10 years on the subject of gene therapy and hepatocellular carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71117883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disrupted fluid balance and baroreflex sensitivity in acute aortic regurgitation","authors":"G. A. Leme, Paloma Graziele Bittencourt da Silva, M. Roscani, J. D. Gobbi","doi":"10.7150/JBM.30269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7150/JBM.30269","url":null,"abstract":"Acute aortic regurgitation (AR) causes abrupt volume overload to the heart. The implication of this acute volume overload concerning fluid balance and autonomic participation remains unknown. We studied fluid balance (sodium and water intake and excretion), autonomic modulation and heart rate variability (HRV) in acute AR rats. Male Wistar rats (260-280g) were submitted to sham or AR surgery by retrograde puncture of the aortic valves leaflets. The presence and severity of AR was confirmed by echocardiography exams one week after the surgeries. The left ventricule diastolic diameter and the left atrium area were bigger in acute AR than in sham rats. The fluid behavior was challenged by combining furosemide and captopril in low doses. This combined treatment induces water and sodium intake behavior within one hour. There was an increase in water intake and natriureses following a fluid depletion in acute AR rats. The daily intake and natriuresis were not altered. The diastolic arterial pressure was lower in AR than in sham and there were no changes in autonomic modulation. The study of HRV shows an increase in the high-frequency component in acute AR rats. However, there was a decrease in the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in these rats. In conclusion, the results show that an acute volume overload to the heart impairs since its onset not only the fluid balance but also baroreflex sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71117897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle and Bone Mass Loss in the Elderly Population: Advances in diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Carlos J Padilla Colón,&nbsp;Irma L Molina-Vicenty,&nbsp;María Frontera-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Alejandra García-Ferré,&nbsp;Bernabejoel Ponce Rivera,&nbsp;Gerardo Cintrón-Vélez,&nbsp;Sebastián Frontera-Rodríguez","doi":"10.7150/jbm.23390","DOIUrl":"10.7150/jbm.23390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is the result of different functional changes leading to a substantial reduction of all human capabilities. A variety of anatomical and physiological changes occur with advancing age. These changes are more evident in the elderly population. There are various methods to measure muscle and bone mass loss, but the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is considered one of the most efficient. The elderly population (65 years and older) has been increasing throughout the years. Loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) and loss bone mass (osteopenia or osteoporosis) with advancing age, when untreated, represent a major public health problem for the elderly population and may result in loss of independence in later life. Untreated age-related sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis increase the risk for falls and fractures, making older individuals more susceptible to the development of mobility limitations or severe disabilities that ultimately affect their capacity for independence. In this review, we will discuss the muscle and bone mass loss in the elderly population and advances in diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261527/pdf/nihms947379.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36743816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticle Design Strategies for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Praveena Velpurisiva, Aniket Gad, Brandon Piel, Rahul Jadia, Prakash Rai","doi":"10.7150/jbm.18877","DOIUrl":"10.7150/jbm.18877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving and paradigm shifting treatment modality that adds a strong tool to the collective cancer treatment arsenal. It can be effective even for late stage diagnoses and has already received clinical approval. Tumors are known to not only avoid immune surveillance but also exploit the immune system to continue local tumor growth and metastasis. Because of this, most immunotherapies, particularly those directed against solid cancers, have thus far only benefited a small minority of patients. Early clinical substantiation lends weight to the claim that cancer immunotherapies, which are adaptive and enduring treatment methods, generate much more sustained and robust anticancer effects when they are effectively formulated in nanoparticles or scaffolds than when they are administered as free drugs. Engineering cancer immunotherapies using nanomaterials is, therefore, a very promising area worthy of further consideration and investigation. This review focuses on the recent advances in cancer immunoengineering using nanoparticles for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of a diverse range of immunotherapies. The delivery of immunostimulatory agents to antitumor immune cells, such as dendritic or antigen presenting cells, may be a far more efficient tactic to eradicate tumors than delivery of conventional chemotherapeutic and cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. In addition to its immense therapeutic potential, immunoengineering using nanoparticles also provides a valuable tool for unearthing and understanding the basics of tumor biology. Recent research using nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the advantage of physicochemical manipulation in improving the delivery of immunostimulatory agents. In vivo studies have tested a range of particle sizes, mostly less than 300 nm, and particles with both positive and negative zeta potentials for various applications. Material composition and surface modifications have been shown to contribute significantly in selective targeting, efficient delivery and active stimulation of immune system targets. Thus, these investigations, including a wide array of nanoparticles for cancer immunotherapy, substantiate the employment of nanocarriers for efficacious cancer immunotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":91898,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedicine (Sydney, NSW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7150/jbm.18877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34995867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}