Global vaccines and immunology最新文献

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Comparison of systemic and mucosal immunization with replicating Single cycle Adenoviruses. 复制单循环腺病毒免疫系统与粘膜免疫的比较。

Global vaccines and immunology Pub Date : 2018-09-01 Epub Date: 2018-05-15 DOI: 10.15761/GVI.1000128

William E Matchett, Stephanie S Anguiano-Zarate, Michael A Barry

{"title":"Comparison of systemic and mucosal immunization with replicating Single cycle Adenoviruses.","authors":"William E Matchett, Stephanie S Anguiano-Zarate, Michael A Barry","doi":"10.15761/GVI.1000128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/GVI.1000128","url":null,"abstract":"HIV-1 infections occur during sexual contact at mucosal surfaces. Vaccines need to provide mucosal barrier protection and stimulate systemic immune responses to control HIV spread. Most vaccines are delivered by systemic immunization via intramuscular (IM) injection route. While this can drive systemic and mucosal immune responses, there are data show that mucosal immunization may be superior at driving responses at mucosal barriers. To explore this question, we immunized mice with replicating single-cycle adenovirus (SC Ad) vaccines expressing clade B HIV-1 envelope (Env) by intramuscular (IM), intranasal (IN), or intravaginal (IVAG) routes to compare vaccine responses. SC-Ads generated significant antibodies against Env after only a single immunization by the IN route, but not the other routes. These animals were boosted by the same route or by the mucosal IVAG routes. IM and IN primed animals generated strong antibody responses regardless of the boosting route. In contrast, IVAG primed animals failed to generate robust antibodies whether they were boosted by the IVAG or IM routes. These data suggest there may be benefits in first educating the immune system at mucosal sites during HIV vaccination. IN and IM prime-boost were then compared in Syrian hamsters which support SC-Ad DNA replication. In this case, IN immunization again was the only route that generated significant Env antibodies after a single immunization. Following a boost by IN or IM routes, IN primed animals had significantly higher antibody responses than the IM primed animals. Env antibodies could still be detected one year after immunization, but only in animals that received at least one mucosal IN immunization. These data suggest that there is merit in vaccination by mucosal routes.","PeriodicalId":91687,"journal":{"name":"Global vaccines and immunology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6368267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36947290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development. 老年潜伏结核患者的B细胞应答:疫苗开发的考虑

Global vaccines and immunology Pub Date : 2016-06-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-27 DOI: 10.15761/GVI.1000112

Sina Helbig, Sergey Rekhtman, Kristen Dostie, Alexander Casler, Thomas Schneider, Natasha S Hochberg, Lisa Ganley-Leal

{"title":"B cell responses in older adults with latent tuberculosis: Considerations for vaccine development.","authors":"Sina Helbig, Sergey Rekhtman, Kristen Dostie, Alexander Casler, Thomas Schneider, Natasha S Hochberg, Lisa Ganley-Leal","doi":"10.15761/GVI.1000112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/GVI.1000112","url":null,"abstract":"Reactivation of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) is more common among the aging population and may contribute to increased transmission in long-term health care facilities. Difficulties in detecting LTBI due to potential blunting of the tuberculin skin test (TST), and the lowered ability of the elderly to tolerate the course of antibiotics, underscore the need for an effective vaccine. Immuno-senescence reduces the capacity of vaccines to induce sufficient levels of protective immunity against many pathogens, further increasing the susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases. We sought to evaluate the response of B cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in residents of long-term care facilities to determine the feasibility of using a vaccine to control infection and transmission from reactivated LTBI. Our results demonstrate that although B cell responses were higher in subjects with LTBI, Mtb antigens could stimulate B cell activation and differentiation in vitro in TST negative subjects. B cells from elderly subjects expressed high basal levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 and responded strongly to Mtb ligands with some activation pathways dependent on TLR2. B cells derived from blood, tonsil and spleen from younger subjects responded similarly and to the same magnitude. These results suggest that B cell responses are robust in the elderly and modifications to a TB vaccine, such as TLR2 ligand-based adjuvants, may help increase immune responses to a protective level.","PeriodicalId":91687,"journal":{"name":"Global vaccines and immunology","volume":"1 2","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6159916/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36536061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Integrative representations and analyses of vaccine-induced intended protective immunity and unintended adverse events using ontology-based and theory-guided approaches. 使用基于本体和理论指导的方法对疫苗诱导的预期保护性免疫和意外不良事件进行综合表征和分析。

Global vaccines and immunology Pub Date : 2016-05-23 DOI: 10.15761/GVI.1000110

Y. He, Edison Ong, Jiangan Xie

{"title":"Integrative representations and analyses of vaccine-induced intended protective immunity and unintended adverse events using ontology-based and theory-guided approaches.","authors":"Y. He, Edison Ong, Jiangan Xie","doi":"10.15761/GVI.1000110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/GVI.1000110","url":null,"abstract":"While effective preventive vaccines induce intended protective immunity, they also induce unintended adverse events (AEs). Generally speaking, compared to killed, inactivated vaccines and protein vaccines, live attenuated vaccines induce more protective immune responses. However, live attenuated vaccines are also associated with more AEs and even more serious AEs. For example, while live attenuated smallpox vaccines were critical to the eradication of smallpox, approximately 20–30% of smallpox vaccine recipients also experienced with various AEs that range in prevalence and severity [1]. Inter-individual variations in cytokine and AE response after smallpox vaccinations are in part due to genetic variation. For another example, the attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) efficiently induces intestinal immunity and durable humoral immunity. However, OPV has the disadvantage of genetic instability, contributing to rare and sporadic cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and the emergence of genetically divergent vaccine-derived polioviruses [2]. These AEs are worsened in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. These results suggest that the intended protective immune responses and unintended adverse events are correlated and deserve being studied simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":91687,"journal":{"name":"Global vaccines and immunology","volume":"1 2 1","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67467324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3