Austin journal of HIV/AIDS research最新文献

{"title":"PrEP Implementation for Key Populations in Malaysia","authors":"Ahmad Ma","doi":"10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2024.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2024.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia being a multi-ethnic nation and predominantly Muslim, faces a complex HIV/AIDS situation with a particular emphasis on key populations due to stigma on both the disease and social-cultural factors [1]. To mitigate the further spread of HIV, PrEP has emerged as a promising preventive measure worldwide. However, it poses various challenges on usage and implementation in this country. Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) individuals face significant barriers to accessing healthcare services including PrEP [2]. On the other hand, MSM and transgender individuals' knowledge and awareness of PrEP were found to be limited [2-4]. All of this painted the ongoing challenges of managing and reducing the elevated risk of HIV transmission among the key populations.","PeriodicalId":91450,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of HIV/AIDS research","volume":"104 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140461875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalance of T Helper and Regulatory Cells in Patients with Tuberculosis Co-infection Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","authors":"Alimu Ayiguli, Li Li, Zhong Xueme, G. Hui, Abudureheman Zulipikaer, Yilamujiang Subinuer, Liu Ya, Hairoula Dilare","doi":"10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2022.1050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2022.1050","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To ensure that patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) and active tuberculosis(TB) co-infection (HIV-TB) can get timely treatment, we investigated T helper cells17 (Th17), Tregulatorycells(Treg) levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the TB, HIV, HIVTB patients provide a better consult for prediction of HIV-TB patients. Methods: A total of 62 patients with TB, HIV, HIV-TB and 30 healthy peoples were included in our study. The PBMCs were isolated from the peripheral blood and the level of Th17 and Treg cells were tested by flow cytometry. Serum levels of cytokines Interleukin 17 (IL-17), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) were determined by ELISA. Results: Th17/Treg imbalance in HIV-TB patients, and is lower than HIV, TB and control group (Th17/Treg: 0.10±0.03 vs 0.25±0.08 vs 0.47±0.14 or 1.03±0.47, p<0.05). The expression of IL-10 in HIV-TB patients were significantly increased than HIV, T Band control groups, IL-17 and IL-6 were significantly decased (IL-10: 28.8±4.3 vs 23.6±3.6 vs 18.5±2.9 or 14.3±1.8pg/mL, p<0.05; IL- 17: 17.1±3.6 vs 24.2±4.2 vs 28.3±5.8 or 40.9±6.8pg/mL, p<0.05; IL-6: 15.9±2.1 vs 23.8±3.4 vs 27.8±4.3 or 32.5±4.6pg/mL, p<0.05). Conclusions: These studies revealed that Th17/Treg in HIV-TB patients was imbalanced, and suppressor T cell subsets are dominant, thus participate in immune pathogenesis of HIV-TB.","PeriodicalId":91450,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of HIV/AIDS research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47119299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases Associated Inflammatory Biomarker Levels in a Small Cohort of HIV-1 Infected Patients Deintensificated from Abacavir/Lamivudine/ Dolutegravir to Lamivudine Plus Dolutegravir Running Head: Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases and Abacavir Use","authors":"Be G, Lattuada E, Gibellini D, Diani E, Coledan I, Luise D, Tacconelli E, Lanzafame M","doi":"10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2021.1049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjhivaidsres.2021.1049","url":null,"abstract":"Following the successful introduction of combined Antiretroviral Therapy (cART), a dramatic decrease in viral burden and opportunistic infections along with a consistent increase in life expectancy has been observed in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients [1]. This deep change in the HIV disease evolution has determined that HIV positive subjects were effectively monitored for several alterations of many tissue and organs due to HIV chronic disease and antiretroviral treatment for example, cardiovascular system, bone, adipose tissues, kidney and central nervous system represent the major target of these structural and functional damages during HIV infection. In particular, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) were considered important clinical complications in the HIV patient and represent a leading cause of death among HIV-positive patients, accounting for approximately 11% of the total deaths in this population [2]; the risk of CVD is higher in HIV positive individuals compared with HIV negative people, and particularly the reported Myocardial Infarction (MI) incidence in cohort study ranges from 3 to 11 cases per 1000 patients a year in HIV- positive individuals against 2 to 7 cases per 1000 patients-years in HIV-negative population [3,4]. Although initial studies indicated a higher prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors in HIV infected population [5,6] as a possible cause, the molecular mechanisms of increased CVD risk in HIV still remain incompletely defined and should be probably attributable to a combination of multiple factors, including both direct and indirect effects of HIV infection on metabolism. Evidence from experimental and observational studies [7,8] in recent years suggested a more important role of HIV itself in contributing to CVD. Endothelial dysfunction due to gp120, Tat and Nef proteins have been identified as a critical link between infection, inflammation, immune activation, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular system. Moreover, ART may play a role in the exacerbation of risk factors for CVD [9]; since the presentation of findings from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study in 2008 demonstrating a 90% increased risk of MI in HIV- positive individuals receiving ART regimens including Abacavir (ABC), subsequent studies, conducted by FDA [10], GlaxoSmithKline [11] and independent researchers [12], to investigate this risk have yielded conflicting results. Although more recent studies have shown an effective increased risk of CVD associated with use of ABC, many results did not reach statistical significance [13-17]. The absence of a demonstrated underlying biological mechanism for such a risk added interest and confusion about the question, as well as the higher prevalence of risk factors for CVD, such as renal impairment and substance abuse among abacavir recipients; in addition, a recent meta analysis suggests that Relative Risk (RR) for MI is increased within a 6 months exposure t","PeriodicalId":91450,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of HIV/AIDS research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48729568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the GeneXpert® CT/NG Assay for use with Male Pharyngeal and Rectal Swabs.","authors":"R Geiger,&nbsp;D M Smith,&nbsp;S J Little,&nbsp;S R Mehta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The GeneXpert^® CT/NG (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) assay is a point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostic assay designed to rapidly test for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (GC). However, the test is only approved for vaginal swabs, urine, and endocervical swabs. Here, we performed an evaluation of the GeneXpert^® CT/NG assay to detect the presence of CT and GC on male pharyngeal and rectal swabs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Men who have sex with men participating in an HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) screening program providing consent were enrolled into the study. Participants were asked to self-collect two pharyngeal and two rectal swabs. One set was tested on site using GeneXpert^® and the other was sent to a reference lab for molecular testing using the APTIMA^® system (Hologic, San Diego, CA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 570 swabs were collected from 144 patients. GeneXpert^® detected 13/15 rectal swabs testing CT positive by the APTIMA^® assay (relative sensitivity=88.2%), 1/2 pharyngeal swabs testing CT positive (relative sensitivity=50%), and 7/9 pharyngeal swabs testing NG positive (relative sensitivity =77.8%). No discordance was observed for rectal NG swabs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although less sensitive than the APTIMA^® assay for the molecular detection of NG and CT, GeneXpert^®'s potential as a rapid POC diagnostic still make it a viable diagnostic test for STI screening. Molecular POC diagnostics, such as this, will allow more thorough screening of at risk individuals, and enhance the ability of clinics to provide same-day diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":91450,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of HIV/AIDS research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4985020/pdf/nihms797457.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34317948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}