Medicolegal and bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Surgical And Medical Error Claims In Ethiopia: Trends Observed From 125 Decisions Made By The Federal Ethics Committee For Health Professionals Ethics Review","authors":"B. Wamisho, Mesafint Abeje Tiruneh, Lidiya Enkubahiry Teklemariam","doi":"10.2147/mb.s219778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/mb.s219778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91360,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal and bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/mb.s219778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44226743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A paradigm shift for robot ethics: from HRI to human–robot–system interaction (HRSI)","authors":"A. van Wynsberghe, Shuhong Li","doi":"10.2147/mb.s160348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/mb.s160348","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Values, Technology and Innovation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Abstract: To date, the majority of work in the fields of human–robot interaction and robot ethics take as the starting point a dyadic interaction between a human and a robot. It is clear, however, that the impacts of robots in health care (understood as ranging from embodied robots and AI to avatars and chatbots) far exceed the individual with whom the robot is interacting. One of the most critical aspects of introducing robots in health care is how such a “bot” will restructure the health care system in a variety of ways: roles of health care staff will change once “bots” are delegated tasks, certain professions may no longer exist (eg, cleaning robots may remove the need for janitorial staff), the education of health care staff will need to include “bot” training, resources will be reallocated to account for the purchasing of “bots”, and the expertise of health care staff will be called into question (eg, when an AI algorithm predicts something that the physician does not). A well-developed care system that includes “bots” of all kinds should predict and balance the ethical impact equally between not only caregivers and receivers, but for the system within which these actors function. This article proposes a model for doing just this, the human–robot–system interaction (HRSI) model that allows for the ethical assessment of “bots” as mediators between a care receiver and a health care system. The HRSI model has important implications for revealing a new set of ethical issues in the introduction of “bots” in health care and in calling for new forms of empirical research to track possible (unintended) consequences related to the rearrangement of roles and responsibilities in the health care system resulting from the integration of health care “bots”.","PeriodicalId":91360,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal and bioethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/mb.s160348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41693140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of, and attitudes toward, codes of ethics and associated factors among medical doctors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Mesafint Abeje Tiruneh, Birhanu Teshome Ayele, Kidanemariam G Michael Beyene","doi":"10.2147/MB.S200096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/MB.S200096","url":null,"abstract":"Mesafint Abeje Tiruneh Birhanu Teshome Ayele Kidanemariam G Michael Beyene 1Health Inspectorate Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Depratment of Statistics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Director General Office, Ethiopian Medicine and Healthcare Administration and Control Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Background: Ethics are moral principles that attempt to determine what is morally right and wrong in human action. Professional ethics have gained significance and focus from time to time, due to increased public awareness and advancements in science and technology. Since there is limited information in Ethiopia, this study provides information about knowledge of, and attitudes toward, codes of ethics. Objective: To assess knowledge of and attitudes toward codes of ethics and associated factors among medical doctors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross sectional study was conducted among 490 medical doctors in Addis Ababa from May to June 2017. Multistage sampling was used and data collected using a pretested self-administered structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: Our study showed that 371 (75.7%) medical doctors were knowledgeable. Sex (AOR 0.582, 95% CI 0.357–0.951), level of education (AOR 2.048, 95% CI 1.125–3.726), and attitudes (AOR 5.229, 95% CI 3.300–8.286) were significantly associated with knowledge of codes of ethics. Of the total study participants, 298 (60.8%) medical doctors had favorable attitudes toward codes of ethics. Level of education (AOR 1.321, 95% CI 1.014– 3.144), work experience (AOR 1.343, 95% CI 1.051–3.091), and knowledge (AOR 5.208, 95% CI 3.286–8.252) were significantly associated with attitudes toward codes of ethics. Conclusion: A majority of medical doctors were knowledgeable about codes of ethics. Sex, level of education, and attitudes toward codes of ethics were significantly associated with knowledge of codes of ethics. A significant proportion of medical doctors had unfavorable attitudes. Level of education, work experience, and knowledge of codes of ethics were significantly associated with attitudes toward codes of ethics. As such, it is important to raise awareness and if necessary change attitudes of medical doctors toward codes of ethics.","PeriodicalId":91360,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal and bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/MB.S200096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41437105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prescription opioid epidemic: an update","authors":"Geoffrey Poitras","doi":"10.2147/MB.S170220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/MB.S170220","url":null,"abstract":"php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Medicolegal and Bioethics 2018:8 21–32 Medicolegal and Bioethics Dovepress","PeriodicalId":91360,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal and bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/MB.S170220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethical Issues in Providing Financial Incentives to Research Participants.","authors":"D. Resnik","doi":"10.2147/MB.S70416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/MB.S70416","url":null,"abstract":"Offering research subjects financial incentives for their participation is a common practice that boosts recruitment but also raises ethical concerns, such as undue inducement, exploitation, and biased enrollment. This article reviews the arguments for providing participants with financial incentives, ethical concerns about payment, and approaches to establishing appropriate compensation levels. It also makes recommendations for investigators, institutions, and oversight committees.","PeriodicalId":91360,"journal":{"name":"Medicolegal and bioethics","volume":"5 1","pages":"35-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/MB.S70416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68394802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}