Christine F Hohmann, Gabi Odebode, Lalith Naidu, Michael Koban
{"title":"Early Life Stress Alters Adult Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model for Depression.","authors":"Christine F Hohmann, Gabi Odebode, Lalith Naidu, Michael Koban","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) activity are strongly associated with depression. Childhood stress and trauma predispose individuals for increased inflammatory tone and major depression in later life, suggesting that early life reprogramming of the stress/immune axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. In this study, we are using a short duration neonatal maternal separation stress (MS) paradigm in mice to test if early life stress can impact plasma and brain inflammatory tone into adulthood. We use ELISA assays to investigate levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, in both plasma and brain tissue of mice exposed to MS (STR), their unseparated littermates (LMC) and unhandled age matched controls (AMC). Cytokine levels are assessed in male and female adult mice with and without a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced immune challenge. We present evidence that stress exposure, during the first week of life, predisposes both male and female mice for increased inflammatory cytokine secretion, peripherally and in brain tissue, upon adult exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).</p>","PeriodicalId":91201,"journal":{"name":"Annals of psychiatry and mental health","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5898393/pdf/nihms894968.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36012231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnicity and Psychiatric Disorders.","authors":"Armani M Hawes, William G Axinn, Dirgha J Ghimire","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disease-related disability in the world today. However, little is known about the ethnic variation of these disorders within populations. This is especially true in contexts outside of the United States and the European Diaspora. This study provides new evidence from South Asia on ethnic differences in Major Depressive Episode, Major Depressive Disorder, Panic Attack, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Intermittent Explosive Disorder. We use data from 400 adult interviews conducted in Nepal in a controlled comparison design as a case study. We use a series of multilevel logistic regression models to predict ethnic group differences in psychiatric disorders and episodes with measures from clinically validated World Mental Health survey instruments. Compared to the Brahmin/Chhetri group, we found historically excluded Dalits had statistically significantly higher odds of almost all psychiatric disorders and episodes. We also found that historically resilient Janajatis had statistically significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with PTSD than the majority Brahmin/Chhetri group. We also found no significant gender difference in MDD or MDE. Psychiatric disorders and episodes vary significantly by ethnicity within a rural Asian population, but gender differences are small.</p>","PeriodicalId":91201,"journal":{"name":"Annals of psychiatry and mental health","volume":"4 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560443/pdf/nihms826048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35284963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}