Journal of nanotechnology and materials science最新文献

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Nanoparticle Encapsulation for Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. 用于抗逆转录病毒暴露前预防的纳米颗粒封装技术。

Journal of nanotechnology and materials science Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-08-07 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1372.17.1583

Karl Khandalavala, Subhra Mandal, Rachel Pham, Christopher J Destache, Annemarie Shibata

{"title":"Nanoparticle Encapsulation for Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.","authors":"Karl Khandalavala, Subhra Mandal, Rachel Pham, Christopher J Destache, Annemarie Shibata","doi":"10.15436/2377-1372.17.1583","DOIUrl":"10.15436/2377-1372.17.1583","url":null,"abstract":"HIV continues to be one of the greatest challenges facing the global health community. More than 36 million people currently live with HIV and, in 2015 2.1 million new infections were reported globally. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV infection by inhibiting viral entry, replication, or integration at the primary site of pathogenic contraction. Failures of large antiretroviral drug (ARV) PrEP clinical trials indicate the current insufficiencies of PrEP for women in high-risk areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa. A combination of social, adherence, and drug barriers create these insufficiencies and limit the efficacy of ARV. Nanotechnology offers the promise of extended drug release and enhances bioavailability of ARVs when encapsulated in polymeric nano-particles. Nanoparticle encapsulation has been evaluated in vitro in comparative studies to drug solutions and exhibit higher efficacy and lower cytotoxicity profiles. Delivery systems for nanoparticle PrEP facilitate administration of nano-encapsulated ARVs to high-risk tissues. In this mini-review, we summarize the comparative nanoparticle and drug solution studies and the potential of two delivery methods: thermosensitive gels and polymeric nanoparticle films for direct prophylactic applications.","PeriodicalId":91125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology and materials science","volume":"4 2","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36204954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Simulated Workplace Protection Factors Offered by N95 and P100 Filtering Facepiece and Elastomeric Half-Mask Respirators against Particles of 10 to 400 nm. N95 和 P100 过滤面罩与弹性半面罩对 10 至 400 纳米微粒的模拟工作场所防护系数比较。

Journal of nanotechnology and materials science Pub Date : 2015-09-07 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1372.15.015

Xinjian He, Evanly Vo, M Horvatin, Y Liu, M Bergman, Z Zhuang

{"title":"Comparison of Simulated Workplace Protection Factors Offered by N95 and P100 Filtering Facepiece and Elastomeric Half-Mask Respirators against Particles of 10 to 400 nm.","authors":"Xinjian He, Evanly Vo, M Horvatin, Y Liu, M Bergman, Z Zhuang","doi":"10.15436/2377-1372.15.015","DOIUrl":"10.15436/2377-1372.15.015","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the simulated workplace protection factors (SWPFs) between NIOSH-approved N95 respirators and P100 respirators, including two models of filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) and two models of elastomeric half-mask respirator (EHR), against sodium chloride particles (NaCl) in a range of 10 to 400 nm. Twenty-five human test subjects performed modified OSHA fit test exercises in a controlled laboratory environment with the N95 respirators (two FFR models and two EHR models) and the P100 respirators (two FFRs and two EHRs). Two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizers (SMPS) were used to measure aerosol concentrations (in the 10-400 nm size range) inside (Cin) and outside (Cout) of the respirator, simultaneously. SWPF was calculated as the ratio of Cout to Cin. The SWPF values obtained from the N95 respirators were then compared to those of the P100 respirators. SWPFs were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between N95 and P100 class respirators. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of the SWPFs for the N95 respirators were much lower than those for the P100 models. The N95 respirators had 5th percentiles of the SWPFs > 10. In contrast, the P100 class was able to generate 5th percentiles SWPFs > 100. No significant difference was found in the SWPFs when tested against nano-size (10 to 100 nm) and large-size (100 to 400 nm) particles. Overall, the findings suggest that the two FFRs and two EHRs with P100 class filters provide better performance than those with N95 filters against particles from 10 to 400 nm, supporting current OSHA and NIOSH recommendations.","PeriodicalId":91125,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nanotechnology and materials science","volume":"2 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33920270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0