International journal of neurology & brain disorders最新文献

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Potential Contributions of the Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone to White Matter Molecular Pathology in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. 烟草尼古丁衍生的亚硝胺酮对胎儿酒精谱系障碍白质分子病理的潜在贡献。

International journal of neurology & brain disorders Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-07-20 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1348.16.729

Ming Tong, Tomas Andreani, Alexander Krotow, Fusun Gundogan, Suzanne M de la Monte

{"title":"Potential Contributions of the Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone to White Matter Molecular Pathology in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Ming Tong, Tomas Andreani, Alexander Krotow, Fusun Gundogan, Suzanne M de la Monte","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.16.729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15436/2377-1348.16.729","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is associated with long-term deficits in cognitive and motor functions. Previous studies linked neurodevelopmental abnormalities to increased oxidative stress and white matter hypotrophy. However, similar effects occur with low-dose nitrosamine exposures, alcohol abuse correlates with cigarette smoking, and tobacco smoke contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines, including NNK.Hypothesis: Tobacco smoke exposure is a co-factor in FASD.Design: Long Evans rat pups were i.p. administered ethanol (2 g/kg) on postnatal days (P) 2, 4, 6 and/or NNK (2 mg/kg) on P3, P5, and P7 to simulate third trimester human exposures. Oligodendroglial myelin-associated, neuroglial, and relevant transcription factor mRNA transcripts were measured using targeted PCR arrays.Results: Ethanol and NNK differentially altered the expression of immature and mature oligodendroglial, neuronal and astrocytic structural and plasticity-associated, and various transcription factor genes. NNK's effects were broader and more pronounced than ethanol's, and additive or synergistic effects of dual exposures impacted expression of all four categories of genes investigated.Conclusion: Developmental exposures to alcohol and NNK (via tobacco smoke) contribute to sustained abnormalities in brain white matter structure and function via distinct but overlapping alterations in the expression of genes that regulate oligodendrocyte survival, maturation and function, neuroglial structural integrity, and synaptic plasticity. The results support the hypothesis that smoking may contribute to brain abnormalities associated with FASD.","PeriodicalId":90551,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology & brain disorders","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5575815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35371265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Traumatic Brain Injury Causes a Tacrolimus-Sensitive Increase in Non-Convulsive Seizures in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy. 脑外伤导致创伤后癫痫模型大鼠非惊厥性癫痫发作的他克莫司敏感性增加

International journal of neurology & brain disorders Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.15436/2377-1348.14.002

John N Campbell, Anandh Gandhi, Baljinderjit Singh, Severn B Churn

{"title":"Traumatic Brain Injury Causes a Tacrolimus-Sensitive Increase in Non-Convulsive Seizures in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.","authors":"John N Campbell, Anandh Gandhi, Baljinderjit Singh, Severn B Churn","doi":"10.15436/2377-1348.14.002","DOIUrl":"10.15436/2377-1348.14.002","url":null,"abstract":"Epilepsy is a significant but potentially preventable complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous research in animal models of acquired epilepsy has implicated the calcium-sensitive phosphatase, calcineurin. In addition, our lab recently found that calcineurin activity in the rat hippocampus increases acutely after lateral TBI. Here we use a calcineurin inhibitor test whether an acute increase in calcineurin activity is necessary for the development of late post-traumatic seizures. Adult rats were administered the calcineurin inhibitor Tacrolimus (5mg/kg; i.p.) 1 hour after lateral fluid percussion TBI and then monitored by video-electrocorticography (video-ECoG) for spontaneous seizure activity 5 weeks or 33 weeks later. At 5 weeks post-TBI, we observed epileptiform activity on the video-ECoG of brain injured rats but no seizures. By 33 weeks post-TBI though, nearly all injured rats exhibited spontaneous seizures, including convulsive seizures which were infrequent but lasted minutes (18% of injured rats), and non-convulsive seizures which were frequent but lasted tens of seconds (94% of injured rats). We also identified non-convulsive seizures in a smaller subset of control and sham TBI rats (56%), reminiscent of idiopathic seizures described in other rats strains. Non-convulsive seizures in the brain injured rats, however, were four-times more frequent and two-times longer lasting than in their uninjured littermates. Interestingly, rats administered Tacrolimus acutely after TBI showed significantly fewer non-convulsive seizures than untreated rats, but a similar degree of cortical atrophy. The data thus indicate that administration of Tacrolimus acutely after TBI suppressed non-convulsive seizures months later.","PeriodicalId":90551,"journal":{"name":"International journal of neurology & brain disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4287390/pdf/nihms635687.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32967556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0