{"title":"Pluralism as Outcome: The Ecology of Religious Resources, Suppliers, and Consumers.","authors":"Christopher P Scheitle, Roger Finke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A great deal of interest has surrounded the topic of religious pluralism and the effects of the frequently used pluralism index on outcomes such as religious participation rates. But surprisingly little work has tried to understand the sources of pluralism or what the pluralism index is actually measuring. In an attempt to reframe the debate, we treat pluralism as an outcome variable. Drawing on ideas in the organizational ecology literature and data from previous studies on pluralism and participation, we show that the pluralism of religious suppliers is a product of the pluralism of religious preferences and the number of potential adherents within an environment. This pluralism of suppliers, in turn, produces a pluralism of religious consumers. We then distinguish between expected pluralism and observed pluralism, and we argue that a relationship between pluralism and participation will be expected only when a meaningful gap between these two measures exists. We close by examining the previous research to show how this reframing of the pluralism and participation question sheds light on that literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":90533,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary journal of research on religion","volume":"5 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4349449/pdf/nihms590327.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33112305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"International Religion Indexes: Government Regulation, Government Favoritism, and Social Regulation of Religion.","authors":"Brian J Grim, Roger Finke","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of religion is severely handicapped by a lack of adequate cross-national data. Despite the prominence of religion in international events and recent theoretical models pointing to the consequences of regulating religion, cross-national research on religion has been lacking. We strive to fill this void by developing measurement models and indexes for <i>government regulation, government favoritism,</i> and <i>social regulation</i> of religion. The indexes rely on data from an extensive coding of the <i>2003 International Religious Freedom Report</i> for 196 countries and territories. Using a series of tests to evaluate the new data and indexes, we find that the measures developed are highly reliable and valid. The three indexes will allow researchers and others to measure the government's subsidy and regulation of religion as well as the restrictions placed on religion by social and cultural forces beyond the state.</p>","PeriodicalId":90533,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary journal of research on religion","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4254791/pdf/nihms590319.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32887796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}