Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Sublethal Doses of Propargite (Acaricide) to Blood Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"A. Kidane, Aron Rezene, G. Ogbay, Hannes, G. Sham, Michael, Shewit Mehreteab, J. Jyoti, Hagos Andom","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000 \u0000The current practice of prescribing antibiotics to treat UTIs is empirical and nonsensical in most resourcelimited countries. The difficulties in the use of culture and DST for patients with UTIs, the irrational use of antibiotics, prolonged time usage, and the availability of a few drug classes are boosting the emerging of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, assessing and evaluating activities of traditional medicinal plants against such infectious organisms is critical. \u0000 \u0000Methodology \u0000 \u0000Three plant leaves were collected and extracted using the standard cold extraction methods and the yield was obtained. The extracted ingredients were then subjected to Multidrug Resistant (MDR) UTI causing bacteria isolated from catheterized patients to determine their antibacterial activity. MIC and MBC values were also carried out. \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000 \u0000Leaves of Lannea fruticosa gave the highest yield in all the extracts in its aqueous extract (22.6%), chloroform extract (7.6%), ethanol-aqueous extracts (19.04%). From the isolated organisms E. coli (0.83), P. aeruginosa (0.75), P. mirabilis (0.83) had highest MAR INDEX and were exclusively selected for the study. The aqueous extract of Lannea fruticosa showed the highest activity against both P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis which was 20 mm and 19.5 mm of inhibition zone respectively. The MIC values of aqueous extracts of Lannea fruticosa against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa was at 1.953 mg/ml and the highest MBC value was recorded at 15.86 mg/ml in the ethanolaqueous extract of Malva parviflora against P. aeruginosa. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion \u0000 \u0000Generally, all plant extracts revealed a good antibacterial effect with a very remarkable inhibition zone against the isolated organisms even better than some antibiotics supplemented to the patients. This significant result may be due to the active phytochemical compounds the plants contain. Therefore, evaluating the activities of these medicinal plants on in vivo activities and further toxicological studies will be beneficial as it will help in formulating effective antibiotics against infectious organisms.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46844513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Hospitalized Patients with Respiratory Tract Infection in Marrakech 2018","authors":"N. Daoudi, A. Rabi, G. Draiss, N. Rada, M. Bouskraoui, M. Youssef, Younous Said, F. Bennaoui, Nadia El idrissi Sliline, Fadl Mrabih Rabou Maouainine, N. Soraa","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a commonly causative pathogen for Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children and adult with RTIs and clinical, radiological features. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 338 consecutive RTIs patients (children and adults) who visited a teaching hospital from January to December 2018. M. pneumoniae was detected by real-time multiplex PCR in nasopharyngeal aspirates. Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed in 3.55% of all respiratory tract infection investigated. The median (IQR) age was 6.48 years (range from 14 days to 36 years), most of the patients were children with clinical symptoms of RTIs (11/12). A cough (100%) and fever (66.66%) were more frequent symptoms observed in patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Conclusion: M. pneumoniae is a significant cause of LRTI in children and adult but still not a major respiratory pathogen with a low rate in Morocco and cause infection difficult to distinguish from a respiratory infection caused by other respiratory pathogens.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Neonatal Sepsis","authors":"J. Grace, S. Obaro","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000326","url":null,"abstract":"We sought to analyze the prevalence of neonatal sepsis based on eight selected articles published in 2016 and 2017 with details on the demographics, bacteria distribution, risk factors, antibacterial susceptibility and the rising isolation of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) among other bacteria isolates. Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis (EONS) was prevalent in most of the studies than Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis (LONS). The rate of CoNS isolation in neonatal blood cultures was significantly high with varying mortality, morbidity and methicillin-resistant CoNS observed. However, CoNS is still considered as a contaminant when the clinical course is not consistent with sepsis. The predominant species were Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis and S. capitis, which were being regarded as conditional pathogens or contaminants. Staphylococcus capitis NRCS-A clone was identified in 17 countries with marked multidrug resistance. High susceptibility of CoNS to linezolid and vancomycin were observed, except in S. capitis NRCS-A clone that showed treatment failure to aminoglycosides and vancomycin. Research on CoNS in neonatal sepsis will be a thriving area for years to come especially with its close association with hospital routine, assessing its pathogenic potential, the global spread of the multidrug-resistant NRCS-A clone of S. capitis and the introduction of vaccination opportunities. Adequate funding and collaboration of research effort will be required to address these key questions.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bloodstream Infection in the Paediatric Cancer Patients: Bacteriological Profile and Drug Resistance Patterns in Shenzhen, China","authors":"Sandip Patil, B. Lopes, Hongyu Chen, Lian Ma, Feiqiu Wen","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000324","url":null,"abstract":"Bloodstream Infections (BSI) remain a main cause of death in pediatric cancer patients. We present the first report on the microbiological profile of bacteremia and drug resistance patterns in Shenzhen, China. We examined the types of bloodstream infectious agents and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in the pediatric oncology patients, from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from January 2016 to October 2018. Acinetobacter baumannii (12.82%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.82%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (34.61%) were highly prevalent in cancer patients with bloodstream infection. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were also predominant. 29% of isolates were resistant to more than two class of antibiotics so call them as multi-drug resistant isolates.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70255952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Bacteraemia: The Epidemiology, Predisposing Factors, Pathogenicity and Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"J. Grace, B. Olayinka, J. Onaolapo, S. Obaro","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000325","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus species are the predominant Gram-positive organisms obtained from blood culture samples. Its incidence in bloodstream infection among children is very and also varies among adults. Staphylococcus aureus is regarded as pathogenic with high morbidity and mortality while coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are often regarded as a contaminant and not a true cause of bacteremia despite its rising occurrence. Predisposing factors of staphylococcal bacteremia include malnutrition, malaria, HIV/AIDS and nosocomial infections. Methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS in bacteremia is associated with an increase in multidrug-resistant virulent strains when compared to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus or CoNS. The impact of coagulase-negative Staphylococci in bacteremia is on the increase with marked clinical complications. However, this review summarizes the prevalence and epidemiology of S. aureus and CoNS in bacteremia based on research outcomes in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70256003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mallory Denk Body Formation in Alcoholic Hepatitis: The Pivotal Role of Interleukin-8 Signaling","authors":"Hui Liu, S. French","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Mallory-Denk Bodies (MDBs) are prevalent in various liver diseases including alcoholic hepatitis (AH) and are formed in mice livers by feeding diethyl 1,4-dehydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylate (DDC). The chemokine CXCL8, also known as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and its receptors are involved in oncogenesis and in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. We reported previously the marked upregulation of IL-8 signaling in AH and DDC fed mice with MDBs present by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses. Central molecules including IL-8 and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) of this pathway were significantly upregulated in the livers of DDC refed mice and human liver biopsies from AH livers. MDB containing balloon hepatocytes in AH livers have increased intensity of staining of the cytoplasm for both IL-8 and CXCR2. Taken conjointly, these data indicates a crucial role of IL-8 signaling during MDB formation, and IL-8 and CXCR2 may be targeted as biomarkers for personalized treatment of AH.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83505459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteome Analyses of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm at Elevated Levels of NaCl","authors":"N. Islam, J. Ross, Mark R. Marten","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000219","url":null,"abstract":"Our studies demonstrate that sodium chloride (NaCl) induces changes in biofilm, mediated by increased production of polysaccharides intercellular adhesion (PIA). We identified 12 proteins that showed higher abundance in increased level of NaCl. This includes one important protein (IsaA) known to be associated with biofilm stability. In addition, we also found higher abundance of a cold shock protein, CspA, at higher NaCl. We have also identified several other proteins that are differentially expressed to the elevated levels of NaCl and mapped them in the regulatory pathways of PIA. The majority of proteins are involved with various aspects bacterial metabolic function. Our results demonstrated that NaCl influences gene regulatory networks controlling exopolysaccharide expression.","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72855145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral Specific Factors Contribute to Clinical Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity Differences in Infants.","authors":"Tonya M Thompson,&nbsp;Philippa L Roddam,&nbsp;Lisa M Harrison,&nbsp;Jody A Aitken,&nbsp;John P DeVincenzo","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a wide range of severity of respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) disease in previously healthy infants. Host factors have been well demonstrated to contribute to disease severity differences. However the possibility of disease severity differences being produced by factors intrinsic to the virus itself has rarely been studied.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Low-passage isolates of RSV collected prospectively from infants with different degrees of RSV disease severity were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>, holding host factors constant, so as to assess whether isolates induced phenotypically different cytokine/chemokine concentrations in a human lung epithelial cell line. Sixty-seven RSV isolates from previously healthy infants (38 hospitalized for acute RSV infection (severe disease) and 29 never requiring hospitalization (mild disease)) were inoculated into A549, lung epithelial cells at precisely controlled, low multiplicity of infection to mimic natural infection. Cultures were evaluated at 48 hours, 60 hours, and 72 hours to evaluate area under the curve (AUC) cytokine/chemokine induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cells infected with isolates from severely ill infants produced higher mean concentrations of all cytokine/chemokines tested (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8 and RANTES) at all-time points tested. RSV isolates collected from infants with severe disease induced significantly higher AUCIL-8 and AUCRANTES secretion in infected cultures than mild disease isolates (p=0.028 and p=0.019 respectively). IL-8 and RANTES concentrations were 4 times higher at 48 hours for these severely ill infant isolates. Additionally, 38 isolates were evaluated at all-time points for quantity of virus. RSV concentration significantly correlated with both IL-8 and RANTES at all-time points. Neither cytokine/chemokine concentrations nor RSV concentrations were associated with RSV subgroup.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Infants' RSV disease severity differences may be due in part to intrinsic viral strain-specific characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2327-5073.1000206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34092984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human T-Lymphotrophic Virus Type-I: A Unique Association with Myelopathy in Sjögren's Syndrome.","authors":"Alexandria Voigt,&nbsp;Cuong Q Nguyen","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000e123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000e123","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandria Voigt1 and Cuong Q Nguyen1,2* 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville Florida, USA 2Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, Florida, USA *Corresponding author: Cuong Q. Nguyen, PhD, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, PO Box 110880, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0880 USA, Tel: 352-294-4180; Fax: 352-392-9704; E-mail: Nguyenc@ufl.edu","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2327-5073.1000e123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33253660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Diagnostic Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Schistosomiasis.","authors":"David U Olveda,&nbsp;Remigio M Olveda,&nbsp;Alfred K Lam,&nbsp;Thao N P Chau,&nbsp;Yuesheng Li,&nbsp;Angelo Don Gisparil,&nbsp;Allen G P Ross","doi":"10.4172/2327-5073.1000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2327-5073.1000142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is made by demonstration of the parasite ova in stools, urine,and biopsy specimens from affected organs, or presence of antibodies to the different stages of the parasite or antigens circulating in body fluids by serologic techniques. DNA of schistosomes can now also be detected in serum and stool specimens by molecular technique.However, these tests are unable to determine the severity of target organ pathology and resultant complications. Accurate assessment of schistosome-induced morbidities is now made with the use of imaging techniques like ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). US has made major contributions in the diagnosis of hepatosplenic and urinary form of disease. This imaging method provides real time results, is portable (can be carried to the bed side and the field) and is lower in cost than other imaging techniques. Typical findings in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis by US include: hyperechoic fibrotic bands along the portal vessels (Symmer's fibrosis), reduction in the size of the right lobe, hypertrophy of the left lobe, splenomegaly, and ascites. More advanced ultrasound equipment like the colour Doppler ultrasound can characterize portal vein perfusion, a procedure that is critical for the prediction of disease prognosis and for treatment options for complicated portal hypertension. Although CT and MRI are more expensive, are hospital based, and require highly additional specially-trained personnel, they provide more accurate description of the pathology, not only in hepatosplenic and urinary forms of schistosomiasis, but also in the diagnosis of ectopic forms of the disease,particularly involving thebrain and spinal cord. MRI demonstrates better tissue differentiation and lack of exposure to ionizing radiation compared with CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":90470,"journal":{"name":"Clinical microbiology (Los Angeles, Calif.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2327-5073.1000142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32574391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}