Occupational medicine & health affairs最新文献

Noise Induced Hearing Loss among an Occupational Group of Textile Workers in Karachi, Pakistan. 巴基斯坦喀拉蚩纺织工人职业性噪音致听力损失。

Occupational medicine & health affairs Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-15 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000282

Afshan Shahid, Tanzil Jamali, Muhammad Masood Kadir

{"title":"Noise Induced Hearing Loss among an Occupational Group of Textile Workers in Karachi, Pakistan.","authors":"Afshan Shahid, Tanzil Jamali, Muhammad Masood Kadir","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional survey was conducted among textile workers of six textile factories of different industrial areas of Karachi to determine the frequency of hearing loss. A total of 264 workers were assessed for frequency of hearing loss with audiometric and otoscopic examination conducted by audiologist. About 79% workers had hearing impairment on audiometric assessment having hearing loss ≥25 dB. Of these, 19% of the workers had conductive deafness while 71% had mixed hearing loss. Otoscopic examination revealed that 38% had wax, 41.8 % had ear discharge and 1.6 % had perforation. The multiple logistic regression model shows sound level more than 25 dB aOR: 1.15; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.30 and ear discharge aOR: 2.23; 95%CI: 1.27, 3.92, was found as a strong risk factor of hearing loss (p<0.05). Hearing impairment affects a large proportion of the workers in Pakistan. There is a need for screening of workers exposed to occupational noise. Efforts should be made by the health care system to prevent the problem from an early stage and require effective management of ear-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":90029,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine & health affairs","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6879.1000282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36902422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Respiratory Cancer and Non-Malignant Respiratory Disease-Related Mortality among Older Construction Workers-Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. 老年建筑工人中与呼吸系统癌症和非恶性呼吸系统疾病相关的死亡率--来自健康与退休研究的发现》（Respiratory Cancer and Non-Malignant Respiratory Disease-Related Mortality among Older Construction Workers-Findings from the Health and Retirement Study）。

Occupational medicine & health affairs Pub Date : 2016-01-01 Epub Date: 2016-05-30 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000235

Xuanwen Wang, Xiuwen Sue Dong, Laura Welch, Julie Largay

{"title":"Respiratory Cancer and Non-Malignant Respiratory Disease-Related Mortality among Older Construction Workers-Findings from the Health and Retirement Study.","authors":"Xuanwen Wang, Xiuwen Sue Dong, Laura Welch, Julie Largay","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000235","DOIUrl":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000235","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study explored the risk of respiratory cancer and non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD)-related mortality among older construction workers.Methods: Analyzed data from the 1992-2010 RAND Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the HRS National Death Index - Cause of Death file. About 25,183 workers aged 50 years and older were examined, including 5,447 decedents and 19,736 survivors, of which 1,460 reported their longest job was in construction. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the differences in mortality between workers' longest occupations, controlling for confounders.Results: After adjusting for smoking and demographics, construction workers were almost twice as likely to die from respiratory cancer (OR = 1.65; CI: 1.10-2.47) or NMRD (OR = 1.73; CI: 1.16-2.58) compared to white-collar workers.Conclusions: This study adds to the growing evidence that respiratory cancer and NMRD are frequently associated with construction exposure.","PeriodicalId":90029,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine & health affairs","volume":"4 ","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34738576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Are Women Law Enforcement Officers More Burned-Out and What Might Help Them? 为什么女性执法人员更疲惫，什么可以帮助她们?

Occupational medicine & health affairs Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000204

D. Elliot, B. Garg, K. Kuehl, C. Defrancesco, Andriana Sleigh

{"title":"Why Are Women Law Enforcement Officers More Burned-Out and What Might Help Them?","authors":"D. Elliot, B. Garg, K. Kuehl, C. Defrancesco, Andriana Sleigh","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000204","url":null,"abstract":"Women police officers are an asset to law enforcement organizations. Compared to their male counterparts, they rely more on communication skills to manage interactions, and they are less likely to use physical force. In addition, the single largest police call category nationwide is violence against women, and women officers are more likely to effectively respond to those calls [1]. Despite those findings, women are a minority of law enforcement officers (LEOs), and efforts to increase their recruitment and retention have had limited success [2]. Burnout may lead to lower job performance and leaving an occupation or work setting [3–5]. Understanding burnout and its correlates might allow developing programs to enhance and extend women LEOs’ careers. \u0000 \u0000This report is a sub-study of a randomized controlled trial of a worksite wellness and safety program for LEOs [6], and in addition to psychological dimensions, information was gathered concerning diet, exercise, stress, sleep and fatigue. Although studies of the link between burnout and a healthy lifestyle are limited, cross-sectional investigations appear to indicate a reciprocal relationship. Those manifesting burnout were more likely to report low physical activity and greater obesity [7]. Conversely appropriate sleep patterns, regular physical activity and a healthy diet may attenuate feelings of burnout [8]. We assessed differences between women and men LEOs concerning burnout, demographics and lifestyle habits and compared women LEOs stratified on the burnout dimension to identify relationships that might inform subsequent efforts to prevent and remediate burnout among women LEOs.","PeriodicalId":90029,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine & health affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6879.1000204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70260836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Potential Occupational Risks Associated with Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. 碳纳米管肺毒性相关的潜在职业风险。

Occupational medicine & health affairs Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000165

Amruta Manke, Sudjit Luanpitpong, Yon Rojanasakul

{"title":"Potential Occupational Risks Associated with Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes.","authors":"Amruta Manke, Sudjit Luanpitpong, Yon Rojanasakul","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"Given their remarkable properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have made their way through various industrial and medicinal applications and the overall production of CNTs is expected to grow rapidly in the next few years, thus requiring an additional recruitment of workers. However, their unique applications and desirable properties are fraught with concerns regarding occupational exposure. The concern about worker exposure to CNTs arises from the results of recent animal studies. Short-term and sub-chronic exposure studies in rodents have shown consistent adverse health effects such as pulmonary inflammation, granulomas, fibrosis, genotoxicity and mesothelioma after inhalation or instillation of several types of CNTs. Furthermore, physicochemical properties of CNTs such as dispersion, functionalization and particle size can significantly affect their pulmonary toxicity. Risk estimates from animal studies necessitate implementation of protective measures to limit worker exposure to CNTs. Information on workplace exposure is very limited, however, studies have reported that CNTs can be aerosolized and attain respirable airborne levels during synthesis and processing activities in the workplace. Quantitative risk assessments from sub-chronic animal studies recommend the health-based need to reduce exposures below the recommended exposure limit of 1 µg/m3. Practice of prevention measures including the use of engineering controls, personal protective equipment, health surveillance program, safe handling and use, as well as worker training can significantly minimize worker exposure and improve worker health and safety.","PeriodicalId":90029,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine & health affairs","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4300531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33002718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Occupational Lung Diseases among Soldiers Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. 驻伊拉克和阿富汗士兵的职业性肺病

Occupational medicine & health affairs Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6879.1000117

Anthony M Szema

{"title":"Occupational Lung Diseases among Soldiers Deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan.","authors":"Anthony M Szema","doi":"10.4172/2329-6879.1000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6879.1000117","url":null,"abstract":"Military personnel deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan, from 2004 to the present, has served in a setting of unique environmental conditions. Among these are exposures to burning trash in open air \"burn pits\" lit on fire with jet fuel JP-8. Depending on trash burned--water bottles, styrofoam trays, medical waste, unexploded munitions, and computers--toxins may be released such as dioxins and n-hexane and benzene. Particulate matter air pollution culminates from these fires and fumes. Additional environmental exposures entail sandstorms (Haboob, Shamal, and Sharqi) which differ in direction and relationship to rain. These wars saw the first use of improvised explosive devices (roadside phosphate bombs),as well as vehicle improvised explosive devices (car bombs), which not only potentially aerosolize metals, but also create shock waves to induce lung injury via blast overpressure. Conventional mortar rounds are also used by Al Qaeda in both Iraq and Afghanistan. Outdoor aeroallergens from date palm trees are prevalent in southern Iraq by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, while indoor aeroallergen aspergillus predominates during the rainy season. High altitude lung disease may also compound the problem, particularly in Kandahar, Afghanistan. Clinically, soldiers may present with new-onset asthma or fixed airway obstruction. Some have constrictive bronchiolitis and vascular remodeling on open lung biopsy - despite having normal spirometry and chest xrays and CT scans of the chest. Others have been found to have titanium and other metals in the lung (rare in nature). Still others have fulminant biopsy-proven sarcoidiosis. We found DNA probe-positive Mycobacterium Avium Complex in lung from a soldier who had pneumonia, while serving near stagnant water and camels and goats outside Abu Gharib. This review highlights potential exposures, clinical syndromes, and the Denver Working Group recommendations on post-deployment health.","PeriodicalId":90029,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine & health affairs","volume":"1 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6879.1000117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32045900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27