OA alcohol最新文献

Pulmonary consequences of alcoholism: A critical review. 酒精中毒对肺部的影响：一项批评性综述。

OA alcohol Pub Date : 2013-10-01 DOI: 10.13172/2053-0285-1-2-861

Ashish J Mehta

{"title":"Pulmonary consequences of alcoholism: A critical review.","authors":"Ashish J Mehta","doi":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-2-861","DOIUrl":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-2-861","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use and abuse are prevailing practices in people throughout the world. Unfortunately, alcohol use disorders pose tremendous costs to both society and the individual. While alcoholism has many well-known medical consequences such as liver injury and pancreatitis, the effects of chronic alcohol exposure on the respiratory system are often overlooked. Specifically, studies have shown that alcohol abuse causes significant derangements in the lung and predisposes individuals to the development of pneumonia and acute lung injury. Several important processes are responsible for this increased susceptibility to pulmonary pathology, including alterations in nonimmunological defense systems, impairment of lung immunity, and alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction. These crucial defects comprise what has been referred to as the \"alcohol lung phenotype\". Importantly, these abnormalities not only increase the risk of lung infections and injury, they cause worse morbidity and mortality in alcoholics compared to non-alcoholics. While there are no current therapies to combat these alcohol-induced pulmonary abnormalities, current research has revealed several important mechanisms that may be exploited to develop new treatment options for this vulnerable population.","PeriodicalId":90027,"journal":{"name":"OA alcohol","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10601137/pdf/nihms-1937169.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A review of decisional balance research and directions for brief alcohol intervention among college students. 决策平衡研究综述和大学生简短酒精干预的方向。

OA alcohol Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-575

Dawn W Foster, Clayton Neighbors

{"title":"A review of decisional balance research and directions for brief alcohol intervention among college students.","authors":"Dawn W Foster, Clayton Neighbors","doi":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-575","DOIUrl":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a review of decisional balance (DB) and proposes strategies for improving DB measurement with respect to alcohol interventions for college students. Although existing alcohol interventions for college drinking are widely available, many undergraduates do not perceive any need to change their drinking. Intervention strategies that encourage students to consciously consider reasons for changing problem behaviors and resolve ambivalence may provide unique benefit. The DB and alcohol literature suggest; 1) a relationship exists between DB and motivation to change (MTC); 2) the decisional balance proportion (DBP) represents a promising new way to conceptualize MTC; and 3) while the DBP is a step forward in DB measurement, it can be improved. Alternative strategies proposed for improving the DBP include; 1) a weighted DBP, which may increase predictive ability and provide a closer approximation of an individual's MTC compared to the original DBP; 2) a coded DBP, which may allow for identification of common reasons why college students choose to drink or not drink; and 3) personalized DBP feedback, which may increase intervention efficacy by further highlighting the discrepancy between behaviors and goals. These strategies can be applied separately or in conjunction, and represent a potentially promising new avenue for DB research.","PeriodicalId":90027,"journal":{"name":"OA alcohol","volume":"1 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4271314/pdf/nihms-637908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32925076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel anticonvulsants for reducing alcohol consumption: A review of evidence from preclinical rodent drinking models. 新型抗惊厥药减少酒精消耗:临床前啮齿动物饮酒模型的证据综述。

OA alcohol Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-446

A E Padula, N S McGuier, W C Griffin, M F Lopez, H C Becker, P J Mulholland

{"title":"Novel anticonvulsants for reducing alcohol consumption: A review of evidence from preclinical rodent drinking models.","authors":"A E Padula, N S McGuier, W C Griffin, M F Lopez, H C Becker, P J Mulholland","doi":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-446","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are a major public health issue and have an enormous social and economic burden in developed, developing, and third-world countries. Current pharmacotherapies for treating AUDs suffer from deleterious side effects and are only effective in preventing relapse in a subset of individuals. This signifies an essential need for improved medications to reduce heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related problems. Growing literature has provided support for the use of anticonvulsants in suppressing symptoms induced by alcohol withdrawal. Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that a number of well-tolerated anticonvulsants may also decrease alcohol drinking. This review will focus on recent evidence supporting the efficacy of novel anticonvulsants in reducing voluntary alcohol consumption in rodent models. The data demonstrate that anticonvulsants reduce drinking in standard home cage two-bottle choice paradigms, self-administration of alcohol in operant chambers, and cue- and stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking behaviors in rats and mice. This review also highlights evidence that some anticonvulsants were only moderately effective in reducing drinking in select strains of rodents or models. This suggests that genetics, possible neuroadaptations, or the pharmacological target affect the ability of anticonvulsants to attenuate alcohol consumption. Nonetheless, anticonvulsants are relatively safe, have little abuse potential, and can work in combination with other drugs. The results from these preclinical and clinical studies provide compelling evidence that anticonvulsants are a promising class of medication for the treatment of AUDs.","PeriodicalId":90027,"journal":{"name":"OA alcohol","volume":"1 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3890354/pdf/nihms-540935.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32036826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Potential therapeutic role of glutamate transporter 1 for the treatment of alcohol dependence. 谷氨酸转运蛋白1在酒精依赖治疗中的潜在治疗作用

OA alcohol Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-574

Y Sari

{"title":"Potential therapeutic role of glutamate transporter 1 for the treatment of alcohol dependence.","authors":"Y Sari","doi":"10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13172/2053-0285-1-1-574","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Evidence has demonstrated that deficits in glutamate transmission impair neurocircuits involved in drug abuse or drug-seeking behaviour and affect many aspects of neuroplasticity associated with alcohol and drug addiction. Alcohol-seeking behaviour is promoted by increased glutamate transmission in key regions of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuit, including the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Glutamate transmission or glutamate uptake is regulated by a number of glutamate transporters in the brain regions. Among these glutamate transporters, glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1; its human homolog is the excitatory amino acid transporter 2, EAAT2) regulates the removal of majority of the extracellular glutamate. The role of GLT1 has been tested in alcohol and other drugs of abuse models with dysfunction in glutamate transmission. We recently reported that treatment of alcohol-preferring rats with compounds ceftriaxone and GPI-1046, known to upregulate GLT1 levels, showed reduction in alcohol intake and attenuation of relapse-like ethanol-drinking behaviour. Furthermore, we demonstrated that upregulation of GLT1 was associated with attenuation of cue-induced cocaine relapse. Together, we suggest that GLT1 is considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of drug dependence, including alcohol. The aim of this critical review was to discuss the potential therapeutic role of GLT1 for the treatment of alcohol dependence.Conclusion: Dysfunction of glutamate transmission has been suggested to impair neurocircuits involved in alcohol dependence, which affect neuroplasticity that is associated with ethanol intake.","PeriodicalId":90027,"journal":{"name":"OA alcohol","volume":"1 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883353/pdf/nihms516802.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32015369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12