Frontiers in psychological and behavioral science最新文献

筛选

英文中文

Pathways Associating Childhood Trauma to the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia. 儿童创伤与精神分裂症神经生物学相关的途径。

Frontiers in psychological and behavioral science Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Eugene Ruby, Stephanie Polito, Kevin McMahon, Marisa Gorovitz, Cheryl Corcoran, Dolores Malaspina

{"title":"Pathways Associating Childhood Trauma to the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia.","authors":"Eugene Ruby, Stephanie Polito, Kevin McMahon, Marisa Gorovitz, Cheryl Corcoran, Dolores Malaspina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"While researchers have for decades considered the role of social factors, endocrinology, neural function, hippocampal integrity, and cognition in the development of schizophrenia, there has been a relative paucity of studies considering the participation of the stress cascade in the interplay of these elements. As described in this review, stressful exposures and stress sensitivity may plausibly be argued to play a role in the etiology, neurobiology, and course of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Notably, research conducted over the last decade has made it increasingly clear that childhood traumatic experiences represent a prominent risk factor for the development of psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia. Accumulating evidence suggests that this relationship is mediated by the development of a neuropathological stress response, involving HPA axis dysregulation, aberrant functioning of different neurotransmitter systems, hippocampal damage, and memory deficits. However, it remains difficult to identify exact causal pathways linking early trauma to schizophrenia, including to the individual symptoms associated with the disorder. In addition to the strong association among early trauma, stress sensitization, and positive symptoms in schizophrenia, there is also evidence indicating that the negative and cognitive symptoms are related to these factors. However, the emergence of these symptoms may lie on a distinct and non-interacting pathway in relation to the development of the positive symptoms. The natural increases in stress sensitivity and HPA axis activity during adolescence may act on already maladaptive stress circuitry resulting from early trauma and/or a genetic predisposition to produce full blown stress sensitization and cause epigenetic effects, such as the altered methylation of different genes, that lead to schizophrenia or other psychiatric illnesses.","PeriodicalId":89926,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in psychological and behavioral science","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4236311/pdf/nihms630162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32833491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experiences of Oxford House Residents Living with the Hepatitis C Virus. 牛津大学居住的居民与丙型肝炎病毒的经历。

Frontiers in psychological and behavioral science Pub Date : 2013-04-01

Richard Contreras, Leonard A Jason

{"title":"Experiences of Oxford House Residents Living with the Hepatitis C Virus.","authors":"Richard Contreras, Leonard A Jason","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most prevalent chronic blood-borne infection in the United States and the leading cause of chronic liver disease. HCV is transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. New infections remain common among IDUs, prisoners, and others likely to be exposed to infected blood. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to gain insight into the experiences of HCV-infected residents, an approach that has proved informative in helping individuals manage similar challenging chronic illnesses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four Oxford House female residents living with HCV. The semi-structure qualitative interview consisted of 18 questions which were designed to focus on three broad areas: experiences of contracting and being diagnosed with HCV, ways in which HCV affected their lives, and experiences living in an Oxford House. Overall, participants were not surprised at their diagnosis, but it did impact their mood. Participants had difficulty with social functioning, experienced physical and psychological symptoms, and received a substantial amount of social support from family and Oxford House residents.","PeriodicalId":89926,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in psychological and behavioral science","volume":"2 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856901/pdf/nihms475112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31956102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0