Cutting edge psychiatry in practice最新文献

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Environment and Autism: Current State of the Science. 环境与自闭症:科学现状。

Cutting edge psychiatry in practice Pub Date : 2014-01-01

Rebecca J Schmidt, Kristen Lyall, Irva Hertz-Picciotto

{"title":"Environment and Autism: Current State of the Science.","authors":"Rebecca J Schmidt, Kristen Lyall, Irva Hertz-Picciotto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Research into environmental risk factors for autism has grown dramatically over the past 10 years, providing evidence that non-genetic factors acting during the prenatal period may influence the underlying neurodevelopmental processes. This paper reviews the evidence on modifiable preconception and/or prenatal factors that have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including only human studies with at least 50 cases of ASD, having a valid comparison group, conducted within the past decade, and focusing on maternal lifestyle or environmental chemicals. Consistent results have been reported for an association of higher maternal intake of certain nutrients and supplements with reduction in ASD risk, with the strongest evidence for folic acid supplements. A number of studies have demonstrated significant increases in ASD risk with estimated exposure to air pollution during the prenatal period, particularly for heavy metals and particulate matter. A few studies suggest a link with organophosphate pesticides. More rigorous ascertainment of exposure is needed for studies of substance use; most investigations adjusting for potential confounders, but relying on self-reported use, have shown no links between maternal smoking or alcohol consumption and ASD. Little research has assessed other persistent and non-persistent organic chemical pollutants, such as are found in common household or personal care products, in association with ASD specifically. More work is needed to examine fats, vitamins, and other maternal nutrients, as well as endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pesticides, in association with ASD, given sound biological plausibility and evidence regarding other neurodevelopmental outcomes. In addition, the field could be advanced by the use of large-scale epidemiologic studies, attention to critical etiologic windows and how these vary by exposure, interactions with genetic susceptibility, and a focus on underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":89914,"journal":{"name":"Cutting edge psychiatry in practice","volume":"1 4","pages":"21-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4955700/pdf/nihms780807.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34310358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlates of disability in depressed older adults with bipolar disorder. 老年抑郁双相情感障碍致残的相关因素。

Cutting edge psychiatry in practice Pub Date : 2013-01-01

Ariel Gildengers, Curtis Tatsuoka, Christopher Bialko, Kristin A Cassidy, Philipp Dines, James Emanuel, Rayan K Al Jurdi, Laszlo Gyulai, Benoit H Mulsant, Robert C Young, Martha Sajatovic

{"title":"Correlates of disability in depressed older adults with bipolar disorder.","authors":"Ariel Gildengers, Curtis Tatsuoka, Christopher Bialko, Kristin A Cassidy, Philipp Dines, James Emanuel, Rayan K Al Jurdi, Laszlo Gyulai, Benoit H Mulsant, Robert C Young, Martha Sajatovic","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Aims To identify clinical factors associated with disability in depressed older adults with bipolar disorder (BPD) receiving lamotrigine. Methods Secondary analysis of a multi-site, 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled study of addon lamotrigine in 57 adults 60 years and older with BD I or II depression. Measures included the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G), Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), and WHO-Disability Assessment Scale II (WHO-DAS II). Results Medical comorbidiy in this group of elders was substantial, with roughly 60% of subjects having disorders of the vascular, musculoskeletal/integument, and endodrine/metabolic/breast systems. We found significant relationships among mood (MADRS), medical comorbidity (CIRS-G), cognition (DRS), and disability (WHO-DAS II). More severe BPD depression, more medical comorbidity and more impaired cognition were all associated with lower functioning in BPD elders. Conclusions Our findings fit the paradigm shift that has been occurring in BPD, supporting the notion that BPD is not solely an illness of mood but that it affects multiple domains impacting overall functioning.","PeriodicalId":89914,"journal":{"name":"Cutting edge psychiatry in practice","volume":"2013 1","pages":"332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864697/pdf/nihms528860.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31971998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0