Biological systems, open access最新文献

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Challenges in Deciphering New Mechanisms in Cellular Biology. 破解细胞生物学新机制的挑战。

Biological systems, open access Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2015-02-09 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6577.1000e113

Anja Nohe

{"title":"Challenges in Deciphering New Mechanisms in Cellular Biology.","authors":"Anja Nohe","doi":"10.4172/2329-6577.1000e113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6577.1000e113","url":null,"abstract":"A few decades ago scientific progress in biology was slow. The identification of new mechanisms on the cellular level was restricted to observations in embedded or fixed samples isolated and processed using complicated protocols. This pattern changed with the development of new imaging techniques that allowed the observation of cellular dynamics at fast time ranges from the nanosecond to millisecond. The development of kits allowed for rapid sample processing. New probes for labelling and high resolution microscopy completely changed the way of scientific exploration. Things that were thought of as unfeasible were all of a sudden possible. These advances combined with the growth in areas of genomics and proteomics research allowed for the rapid production of mass data and articles that describe observations at fast and slow timescales. Additionally, data are available on various length scales, from nano-meters to cm. These observations are published on a daily basis. The new open access rules and regulations for researchers funded by federal research institutions such as the National Institute of Health allows the dissemination of the new data over the internet conveniently.","PeriodicalId":89898,"journal":{"name":"Biological systems, open access","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6577.1000e113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36902421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autism as the Early Closure of a Neuroplastic Critical Period Normally Seen in Adolescence. 自闭症是通常在青春期出现的神经可塑性临界期的早期结束。

Biological systems, open access Pub Date : 2013-08-20 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6577.1000118

Julia Marie Berger, Troy T Rohn, Julia Thom Oxford

引用次数: 0

Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (PBPK) of BMP2 in Mice. 小鼠BMP2生理药代动力学模型的建立。

Biological systems, open access Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2329-6577.1000123

Aditya Utturkar, Bikram Paul, Hemanth Akkiraju, Jeremy Bonor, Prasad Dhurjati, Anja Nohe

{"title":"Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (PBPK) of BMP2 in Mice.","authors":"Aditya Utturkar, Bikram Paul, Hemanth Akkiraju, Jeremy Bonor, Prasad Dhurjati, Anja Nohe","doi":"10.4172/2329-6577.1000123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6577.1000123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone Morphogenetic protein 2 holds great promise for potential applications in the clinic. It is a potent growth factor for the use in the cervical spine surgery (FDA approved 2002) and has been marketed as \"Infuse\" for treating open tibial shaft fractures (FDA approved 2004). However, its use is limited by several significant side effects that maybe due to its potency and effect on different stem cell populations in the spine. BMP2 is expressed throughout the human body in several tissues and at a very high concentration in the blood. BMP receptors, especially BMP receptor type Ia, is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues. Currently, it is difficult to determine how BMP2 is physiologically distributed in mice or humans and no quantitative models are available. A Physiologically-Based Pharmaco-Kinetic (PBPK) model has been developed to determine steady-state distribution of BMP2 in mice. The multi-compartmental PBPK model represents relevant organ/tissues with physiological accuracy. The organs/tissue compartments chosen were brain, lung, heart, liver, pancreas, kidney, uterus, bone and fat. A blood compartment maintained connectivity among the various organs. Four processes characterized the change in the concentration of the protein in every compartment: blood flow in, blood flow out, protein turnover and receptor binding in the organ. The unique aspects of the model are the determination of elimination using receptor kinetics and generation using protein turnover. The model also predicts steady state concentrations of BMP2 in tissues in mice and may be used for possible scale-up of dosage regimens in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":89898,"journal":{"name":"Biological systems, open access","volume":"2 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2329-6577.1000123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32890739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8