American journal of neuroscience最新文献

Thiosemicarbazide Induces Partial Myoclonic, Generalized Tonic-Clonic and Status Epilepticus Seizures Depending on the Dose in the Rat 缩氨基脲根据剂量诱导大鼠部分肌阵挛、全身强直阵挛和癫痫发作状态

American journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3844/amjnsp.2023.1.11

Anwar Satef, Sofia El Amoury, S. Ganouni, A. Essamadi, A. Bagri

{"title":"Thiosemicarbazide Induces Partial Myoclonic, Generalized Tonic-Clonic and Status Epilepticus Seizures Depending on the Dose in the Rat","authors":"Anwar Satef, Sofia El Amoury, S. Ganouni, A. Essamadi, A. Bagri","doi":"10.3844/amjnsp.2023.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjnsp.2023.1.11","url":null,"abstract":": The present study aimed to characterize the seizures produced by injections of Thiosemicarbazide (TSC), a glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibitor. It aimed also to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the antiseizure medications Phenobarbital (PHB), Valproate (VPA), and Phenytoin (PNT) and of the antipsychotics Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and Haloperidol (HAL) as well as the antidepressant SSRI, Fluoxetine (FXT). Male Wistar rats received TSC i.p. injections of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. The rat's changes in behavior and the onset latencies of seizures were recorded and compared using an ANOVA test whereas the incidences of seizures were compared using a  2 test. Seizure severity was categorized as Partial Myoclonic Seizures (PMS), Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures (GTCS), and Status Epilepticus (SE). At low doses, TSC induced a significant change in behavior indicating an anxiety-inducing effect. The threshold dose for PMS was 7.5 mg/kg and when the dose increased to 10 mg/kg, PMS progressed to GTCS. TSC 7.5 mg/kg dose also induced susceptibility to audiogenic seizure (p<0.005) while 10 and 20 mg/kg doses caused SE in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). PHB (30 mg/kg), VPA (200 mg/kg), PNT (30 mg/kg), and VPA + PNT (100+15 mg/kg) prevented SE and significantly reduced the incidence of TSC 10 mg/kg-induced PMS (p<0.05) and GTCS (p<0.001). These treatments also increased the onset latencies of seizures (p<0.001). HAL (1 mg/kg), CPZ (1 and 2 mg/kg), and FXT (1 and 2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of PMS (p<0.05) and GTCS (p<0.01). The occurrence of SE was completely inhibited by FXT (p<0.001). All doses of HAL, CPZ, and FXT increased onset latencies of GTCS (p<0.01) while HAL (1.5 mg/kg), CPZ (2 mg/kg), and FXT (1 and 2 mg/kg) also increased onset latencies of PMS (p<0.05). Our study validated TSC-induced seizures in rats as a dose-dependent model of PMS, GTCS, and SE.","PeriodicalId":89886,"journal":{"name":"American journal of neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48076968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Curcumin and Physical Training on the Brain and Motor Performance of Rats with Cerebral Ischemia 姜黄素与体育锻炼对脑缺血大鼠脑及运动功能的影响

American journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-04-25 DOI: 10.3844/AMJNSP.2019.1.7

K. Dias, Jonas Augusto Ramos, B. Gomes, A. A. Santos, Andressa Vallotti Balieri, Bethânia Ferreira Nascimento, Luiz Guilherme Barbosa, R. D. Costa, Vinícius Sacramento Resende, Y. Silva, F. C. H. Pinto, L. C. M. Damázio

{"title":"Effect of Curcumin and Physical Training on the Brain and Motor Performance of Rats with Cerebral Ischemia","authors":"K. Dias, Jonas Augusto Ramos, B. Gomes, A. A. Santos, Andressa Vallotti Balieri, Bethânia Ferreira Nascimento, Luiz Guilherme Barbosa, R. D. Costa, Vinícius Sacramento Resende, Y. Silva, F. C. H. Pinto, L. C. M. Damázio","doi":"10.3844/AMJNSP.2019.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AMJNSP.2019.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Brain ischemia is the second most deadly disease in the world and it has already been proven that mild and moderate physical exercises minimize the deleterious effects of this disease on the brain. Curcumin has also been considered a neuroprotective substance. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-resistance training and curcumin on the brain and motor performance of rats with cerebral ischemia using a model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Functional tests were performed to analyze rats' motor performance, namely parallel bar test and misstep test. For nerve tissue analysis, Nissl staining and neuronal counting were performed in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus of the brains. Two protocols of high-intensity physical training were performed for six weeks, five days a week, from 20 to 40 min. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences in the parallel bar test and misstep test regarding the number of errors committed by the trained animals in comparison to the sedentary ones and the group that received curcumin. With respect to the number of neurons in the cortex and striatum, a lower neuronal density was observed in the trained animals. Thus, the animals of the sedentary group and the group that received curcumin exhibited better motor performance and higher neuronal density in the areas assessed, demonstrating that high-intensity physical exercise increased brain injury and worsened animals' motor performance.","PeriodicalId":89886,"journal":{"name":"American journal of neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AMJNSP.2019.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44157051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Determination of Neuromuscular Diseases Using Complexity of Electromyogram Signals 利用肌电图信号的复杂性确定神经肌肉疾病

American journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3844/amjnsp.2019.8.12

K. Ahammed, Mosabber Uddin Ahmed

{"title":"Determination of Neuromuscular Diseases Using Complexity of Electromyogram Signals","authors":"K. Ahammed, Mosabber Uddin Ahmed","doi":"10.3844/amjnsp.2019.8.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/amjnsp.2019.8.12","url":null,"abstract":"Characterization of Electromyogram (EMG) signals is important for identifying neuromuscular diseases. Although various techniques were implemented for classification, none of them were implemented in the complexity domain. In this study, characterization of EMG signals recorded from healthy, neuropathic and myopathic subjects has been performed in complexity domain based on Multiscale Entropy (MSE) method. To do this, the multiscale entropy method has been applied to an EMG database publicly available in PhysioNet. The complexity profile curves obtained with the MSE approach have shown promising classification among healthy subject, neuropathic and myopathic patients in terms of complexity. One way ANOVA test has shown statistically significant differences (p<0.01) among these three classes. Moreover, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has demonstrated a classification accuracy of 86.1% for characterizing EMG signals of neuromuscular disorders. Furthermore, myopathic and neuropathic patients have been recognized with 66.7% sensitivity at 95.8% specificity and 100% sensitivity at 100% specificity respectively.","PeriodicalId":89886,"journal":{"name":"American journal of neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/amjnsp.2019.8.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46848286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress and Challenges of Neuroscience and Brain-inspired Artificial Intelligence 神经科学与大脑启发人工智能的进展与挑战

American journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.3844/AMJNSP.2019.13.21

Lidong Wang, C. Alexander

引用次数: 0

Diphenylhydantoin promotes proliferation in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus. 二苯基苯妥英促进心室下区和齿状回的增殖。

American journal of neuroscience Pub Date : 2012-03-06 DOI: 10.3844/amjnsp.2012.1.9

Alma Y Galvez-Contreras, Rocio E Gonzalez-Castaneda, Sonia Luquin, Jorge Guzman-Muniz, Norma A Moy-Lopez, Rodrigo Ramos-Zuniga, Oscar Gonzalez-Perez

{"title":"Diphenylhydantoin promotes proliferation in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus.","authors":"Alma Y Galvez-Contreras, Rocio E Gonzalez-Castaneda, Sonia Luquin, Jorge Guzman-Muniz, Norma A Moy-Lopez, Rodrigo Ramos-Zuniga, Oscar Gonzalez-Perez","doi":"10.3844/amjnsp.2012.1.9","DOIUrl":"10.3844/amjnsp.2012.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Problem statement: Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) is an antiepileptic drug that generates hyperplasia in some tissue by stimulating Epidermal Growth Factor (EGFR) and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta (PDGFR-β) receptors and by increasing serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2 or FGF-β). Neural stem cells in the adult brain have been isolated from three regions: the Subventricular Zone (SVZ) lining the lateral wall of the lateral ventricles, the Subgranular Zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus at the hippocampus and the Subgranular Zone (SZC) lining between the hippocampus and the corpus callosum. Neural stem cells actively respond to bFGF, PDGFR-β or EGF by increasing their proliferation, survival and differentiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenytoin on proliferation and apoptosis in the three neurogenic niches in the adult brain.Approach: We orally administrated phenytoin with an oropharyngeal cannula for 30 days: 0 mg kg-1 (controls), 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg kg-1. To label proliferative cells, three injections of 100 mg kg-1 of BrdU was administrated every 12 h. Immunohistochemistry against BrdU or Caspase-3 active were performed to determine the number of proliferative or apoptotic cells.Results: Our results showed that phenytoin induces proliferation in the SVZ and the SGZ in a dose-dependent manner. No statistically significant effects on cell proliferation in the SCZ neither in the apoptosis rate at the SVZ, SGZ and SCZ were found.Conclusion: These data indicate that phenytoin promotes a dose-dependent proliferation in the SVZ and SGZ of the adult brain. The clinical relevance of these findings remain to be elucidated.","PeriodicalId":89886,"journal":{"name":"American journal of neuroscience","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902771/pdf/nihms362421.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32074054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0