Current biomarker findings最新文献

{"title":"Urine volatile organic compounds composition in mice bearing breast and melanoma tumors: effect of low-protein diet","authors":"J. Gopas, Amir Abd El Qader, C. Isaacson, D. Eichler, Y. Zeiri","doi":"10.2147/CBF.S160340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CBF.S160340","url":null,"abstract":"php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). Current Biomarker Findings 2018:8 1–13 Current Biomarker Findings Dovepress","PeriodicalId":89755,"journal":{"name":"Current biomarker findings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/CBF.S160340","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45518160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity is associated with higher 4E-BP1 expression in endometrial cancer.","authors":"Emily Falk Libby,&nbsp;Maria Azrad,&nbsp;Lea Novak,&nbsp;Ana I Vazquez,&nbsp;Tamara R Wilson,&nbsp;Wendy Demark-Wahnefried","doi":"10.2147/CBF.S53530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CBF.S53530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Obesity is associated with risk and prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC), and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway may play an instrumental role. We sought to explore the associations between cellular proliferation, Akt, and 4E binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) (a downstream target of mTORC1), in obese and nonobese women with and without EC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Archival tissue-specimens from endometrial biopsies were grouped into two broad categories based on the observed disease behavior and similarities in tissue staining patterns: benign/hyperplasia (without cytologic atypia) (n=18) versus atypia (complex hyperplasia with cytologic atypia)/carcinoma (n=25). The characteristics of the study population, including height and weight to determine body mass index (BMI: kg/m²), were abstracted from medical records. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the phosphorylated (p)Akt, p4E-BP1, and antigen Ki67.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytoplasmic and nuclear pAkt were significantly associated with cytoplasmic p4E-BP1 (<i>ρ</i>=+0.48, <i>ρ</i>=+0.50) (<i>P</i><0.05) and nuclear p4E-BP1 (<i>ρ</i>=+0.40, <i>ρ</i>=+0.44) (<i>P</i><0.05); cytoplasmic and nuclear p4E-BP1 were significantly associated with Ki67 (<i>ρ</i>=+0.46, <i>ρ</i>=+0.59) (<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with the benign/hyperplasia group, the women with atypia/carcinoma had significantly higher cytoplasmic and nuclear p4E-BP1 and Ki67. This staining pattern was similar in obese women; however, in nonobese women, neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear p4E-BP1staining differed between benign/hyperplasia versus atypia/carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The activation of 4E-BP1 was higher in the obese women with EC. Adiposity may be a key factor to consider in future studies investigating the role of 4E-BP1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in EC.</p>","PeriodicalId":89755,"journal":{"name":"Current biomarker findings","volume":"2014 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/CBF.S53530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32183834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlates of NNAL levels among nondaily and daily smokers in the college student population.","authors":"Carla J Berg,&nbsp;Gillian L Schauer,&nbsp;Jasjit S Ahluwalia,&nbsp;Neal L Benowitz","doi":"10.2147/CBF.S34642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/CBF.S34642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent simultaneous increases in nondaily smoking and decreases in daily smoking make the identification of nondaily smokers through biomarker measures as well as the relationship of biomarker levels to smoking behaviors important topics. However, little is known about biochemical identification and carcinogen exposure of nondaily smokers. One tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), has a long half-life, making it a useful marker for long-term and intermittent tobacco exposure. Thus, we examined correlates of urine NNAL levels among nondaily and daily smokers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2011, we obtained urine samples from 64 current cigarette smokers (37 nondaily; 27 daily) in the Southeastern US and assessed participants' sociodemographics, smoking-related information, and other tobacco use. Our sample included 14 participants concurrently using other combustible tobacco products and eight concurrently using smokeless tobacco.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of six participants smoking for only one day in the past 30, four had detectable NNAL levels; thus, two nondaily smokers were excluded from the remainder of the analyses. In multivariate analysis, average cigarettes per day on smoking days (B = 23.00, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 13.81, 32.20, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and number of days of smokeless tobacco use (B = 17.11, CI 13.53, 20.70, <i>P</i> < 0.001) were associated with NNAL levels among nondaily smokers (R² = 0.234). Multivariate analysis indicated that average cigarettes per day (B = 15.83, CI 2.89, 28.76, <i>P</i> = 0.02) was the only significant correlate of NNAL levels among daily smokers. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to identify a potential urinary NNAL (normalized for creatinine) cutoff point of 81.6 pg/mL/g creatinine (88.9% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity) to discriminate nondaily from daily smokers. Excluding polytobacco-product users from these analyses provided similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different correlates of NNAL levels exist among nondaily and daily cigarette smokers. Urine NNAL demonstrates the potential to be used to discriminate nondaily from daily smokers among young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":89755,"journal":{"name":"Current biomarker findings","volume":"2012 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/CBF.S34642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31920837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CCL3L1 gene copy number in individuals with and without HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.","authors":"Amanda Brown, Ned Sacktor, Karen Marder, Bruce Cohen, Giovanni Schifitto, Richard L Skolasky, Jason Creighton, Liping Guo, Justin C McArthur","doi":"10.2147/CBF.S27685","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CBF.S27685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>CCL3L1 copy number variation has been implicated as a marker for susceptibility and immunity to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection and its pathogenic sequelae. Some of these findings have been confirmed in several, but not all, subsequent independent cohort studies. A three-fold risk for the development of HIV-associated dementia was reported in individuals possessing a CCL3L1 copy number below the ethnic group median combined with a detrimental CCR5 genotype. With the availability of antiretroviral therapy since 1996, there has been a significant decline in HIV-associated dementia, and milder forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HAND) are now most prevalent. Moreover, patients are living longer with HIV-1 infection and it is recognized that aging may be a contributory factor to the development of cognitive disorder. Thus, the need for biomarkers that can be used in clinical practice to identify and provide optimal treatment for those at increased risk for HAND is great. HAND affects 20%-30% of HIV-infected individuals, and several genetic loci which have been shown to confer susceptibility to HIV infection may also modulate the development of neurocognitive disorder. The aim of this study was to determine whether CCL3L1 chemokine gene copy number in self-defined ethnic groups could differentiate HIV-infected individuals with and without HAND.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal swabs or peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from HIV-infected patients with or without a diagnoses of neurocognitive dysfunction in the Northeast AIDS Dementia Cohort and National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium. To maintain a uniform standard, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction design similar to previous studies using Taqman probes and fixed input DNA between 2 ng and 10 ng was used to determine a CCL3L1 copy number. Standard curves with two-fold dilutions from 25 ng to 1.56 ng were generated. CCL3L1 copy number was determined in triplicate in 262 subjects using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the relative quantitation method. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, with significance defined as <i>P</i> < 0.05 and Bonferroni post hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences as determined by analysis of variance in CCL3L1 copy number between African-Americans and Caucasians (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) were found, highlighting ethnic group differences in the copy number of this gene. However, there were no differences in CCL3L1 copy number across the neurocognitive groups within each ethnic group. The median CCL3L1 copy number in African-Americans of two and Caucasians of one in this study was significantly lower than the previously reported ethnic group means of two and four copies, respectively. A higher prevalence of abnormal cognition with a relative risk of four was seen in African-Americans versus Caucasians.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: ","PeriodicalId":89755,"journal":{"name":"Current biomarker findings","volume":"2012 2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3693394/pdf/nihms411559.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31546265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}