Open access animal physiology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of supplementation of betaine hydrochloride on physiological performances of broilers exposed to thermal stress","authors":"S. Haldar, Abhay Kumar Singh, T. K. Ghosh, D. Creswell","doi":"10.2147/oaap.s83190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/oaap.s83190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Betaine has the potential to spare methionine and choline as methyl-group donors, and is thought to improve broiler performance under conditions of stress. An experiment was conducted to ascertain the effects of supplemental betaine on performances and physiological responses of broilers exposed continuously to thermal stress. Materials and methods: Male broilers (n=128, divided into four groups, with eight replicate cages in a group) received diets containing suboptimal levels of methionine and metabolizable energy and supplemented with 1.3 g/kg and 2 g/kg betaine hydrochloride from day 1 to 38. The positive control (PC) did not contain supplemental betaine, and the negative control (NC), to which betaine was added, was deficient in methionine and energy and devoid of added choline. The experiment included assessment of growth, feed-conversion ratio, rectal temperature and respiration rates, and assay of blood hormones and metabolites. Results: Betaine at both the levels of inclusion improved live weight and feed intake over the PC and the NC groups. Rectal temperature and respiration rates were also lower in the betaine-supplemented groups, indicating a sequestering effect of betaine on metabolic rates of thermally stressed broilers. Carcass yield was unaffected. Betaine-supplemented groups had better thyroid activity than the NC and PC groups of birds. Conclusion: Based on this study, it was inferred that in tropical countries betaine may be effectively used to ameliorate the negative impact of high ambient temperature in broiler chickens. The findings also suggest that at an appropriate dose, betaine may spare some quantity of dl-methionine and dietary energy to support the growth process of heat-stressed broilers. However, further studies are warranted to assign a definite methionine and energy matrix to supplemental betaine that can be used in broiler diets without inviting any risk of drop in production. Keywords: betaine, broiler chickens, heat stress, performance, physiological responses","PeriodicalId":89447,"journal":{"name":"Open access animal physiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=25810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory sensitivity and the outer hair cell system in the CBA mouse model of age-related hearing loss.","authors":"Robert D Frisina, Xiaoxia Zhu","doi":"10.2147/OAAP.S7202","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OAAP.S7202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-related hearing loss is a highly prevalent sensory disorder, from both the clinical and animal model perspectives. Understanding of the neurophysiologic, structural, and molecular biologic bases of age-related hearing loss will facilitate development of biomedical therapeutic interventions to prevent, slow, or reverse its progression. Thus, increased understanding of relationships between aging of the cochlear (auditory portion of the inner ear) hair cell system and decline in overall hearing ability is necessary. The goal of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that there would be correlations between physiologic measures of outer hair cell function (otoacoustic emission levels) and hearing sensitivity (auditory brainstem response thresholds), starting in middle age. For the CBA mouse, a useful animal model of age-related hearing loss, it was found that correlations between these two hearing measures occurred only for high sound frequencies in middle age. However, in old age, a correlation was observed across the entire mouse range of hearing. These findings have implications for improved early detection of progression of age-related hearing loss in middle-aged mammals, including mice and humans, and distinguishing peripheral etiologies from central auditory system decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":89447,"journal":{"name":"Open access animal physiology","volume":"2 ","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3159169/pdf/nihms306056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30097676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GENETIC AND PHARMACOLOGIC MANIPULATION OF VACUOLAR ATPASE; EFFECTS ON ZYMOGEN ACTIVATION IN PANCREATIC ACINI.","authors":"Thomas Kolodecik, Fred Gorelick, Edwin Thrower","doi":"10.2147/oaap.s7252","DOIUrl":"10.2147/oaap.s7252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Premature activation of inactive digestive enzymes (or zymogens) within the pancreatic acinar cell is an initiating event in acute pancreatitis (AP). We have found that this response depends on the assembly and activation of an ATP-dependent proton pump, the vacuolar ATPase (vATPase). Previously, we have shown that the classic vATPase inhibitors concanamycin and bafilomycin can inhibit zymogen activation induced experimentally by high doses of the cholecystokinin orthologue, cerulein (CER) in isolated acinar cells. Recent studies have questioned the specificity of these inhibitors. In the current study we examine the role of the vATPase in pancreatitis using the newly developed novel vATPase inhibitors lobatomide-B and salicylihalamide-A as well as a genetic approach using siRNA. Both lobatomide-B and salicylihalamide-A inhibited CER stimulated zymogen (trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen) activation but had no effect on amylase secretion. Lobatomide-B (0.1μM) was more potent, reducing activation to baseline levels. Treatment of cells with siRNA specific for the vATPase E-subunit (V1E) significantly decreased V1E expression. V1E siRNA also significantly decreased chymotrypsinogen activation, but not amylase secretion. These studies confirm a role for the vATPase in zymogen activation and demonstrate that the novel and specific inhibitors lobatomide-B and salicylihalamide-A reduce early pancreatitis responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":89447,"journal":{"name":"Open access animal physiology","volume":"2009 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092382/pdf/nihms257871.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29884289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}