{"title":"Urinary Angiotensinogen as a Novel Biomarker of Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System in Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Hiroyuki Kobori, L Gabriel Navar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An activated intrarenal reninangiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the only known substrate for renin, which is the rate-limiting enzyme of the RAS. Because the levels of AGT are close to the Michaelis-Menten constant for renin, AGT levels can also control the RAS activity, and upregulation of AGT may lead to elevated angiotensin peptide levels and increases in blood pressure. Recent studies on experimental animal models have documented the involvement of AGT in the intrarenal RAS activation and development of hypertension. Enhanced intrarenal AGT mRNA and/or protein levels occur in experimental models of hypertension and kidney diseases supporting important roles in the development and progression of hypertension and kidney diseases. Urinary excretion rates of AGT provide a specific index of intrarenal RAS status in angiotensin II-infused rats. Also, a direct quantitative method was recently developed to measure urinary AGT using human AGT ELISA. These data prompted us to measure urinary AGT in patients with hypertension and CKD, and investigate correlations with clinical parameters. This brief review will address the potential of urinary AGT as a novel biomarker of the intrarenal RAS status in hypertension and CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":89393,"journal":{"name":"International review of thrombosis","volume":"6 2","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3183743/pdf/nihms317629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30083554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of ADAMTS13.","authors":"Han-Mou Tsai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ADAMTS13, encoded on chromosome 9q34, is a member of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif) metalloprotease family, containing the common domain structure of (from the amino terminus) signal peptide, propeptide, reprolysin type metalloprotease, thrombospondin type 1 motif, cysteine-rich region, and spacer domain. ADAMTS13 cleaves von Willebrand factor (VWF) in a shear stress dependent manner. Deficiency of the enzyme causes the platelet aggregation of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inhibitory antibodies of ADAMTS13 are detected in patients with acquired TTP, while homozygous or double heterozygous mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene cause the hereditary form of the disease 1. Targeting of the ADAMTS13 gene by recombinant technology has reproduced the phenotype of human TTP in ADAMTS13-null mice 2. Despite these advances, intense controversy and confusion persist regarding the role of ADAMTS13 assays in the diagnosis of TTP. This brief review highlights some of the contentious issues and proposes steps to improve the diagnostic value of ADAMTS13 assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":89393,"journal":{"name":"International review of thrombosis","volume":"1 4","pages":"272-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4605609/pdf/nihms49607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34097557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}