Primary psychiatry最新文献

Biologic Commonalities between Mental Illness and Addiction. 精神疾病和成瘾之间的生物学共性。

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2009-08-01

Karen J Hartwell, Bryan K Tolliver, Kathleen T Brady

{"title":"Biologic Commonalities between Mental Illness and Addiction.","authors":"Karen J Hartwell, Bryan K Tolliver, Kathleen T Brady","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiologic studies indicate that co-occurring substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders are frequently found in clinical practice. From a neurobiologic perspective, what do these two seemingly different groups of disorders have in common? Currently, several hypotheses are postulated to explain the high rates of comorbidity. Chronic alcohol and drug use may lead to neuroadaptation in the biologic systems mediating psychiatric disorders. Conversely, co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs) may represent phenotypic expressions of common premorbid neurobiologic abnormalities. Similar alterations in the dopamine-mediated reward system and various neurotransmitter systems including glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin are found in both SUDs and numerous psychiatric disorders. Stress and chronic distress with the resultant activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and stress system has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of both psychiatric disorders and SUDs. Better understanding the commonalities between the two groups of disorders should lead to more efficacious treatments and targeted prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":87453,"journal":{"name":"Primary psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3623011/pdf/nihms331733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33350759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Δ-THC on Working Memory: Implications for Schizophrenia? Δ-THC对工作记忆的影响:对精神分裂症的影响?

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2009-01-01

Nehal P Vadhan, Mark R Serper, Margaret Haney

引用次数: 0

Psychodynamic Treatment of Panic Disorder 恐慌症的心理动力学治疗

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-444-5_2

F. Busch, B. Milrod

引用次数: 6

Cannabis and Psychosis: What Can Daily Diaries Tell Us About Who is Vulnerable? 大麻和精神病:每日日记能告诉我们谁是脆弱的?

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2009-01-01

David Kimhy, Kelly Durbin, Cheryl M Corcoran

{"title":"Cannabis and Psychosis: What Can Daily Diaries Tell Us About Who is Vulnerable?","authors":"David Kimhy, Kelly Durbin, Cheryl M Corcoran","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The association between cannabis use and the initial development of psychotic symptoms has attracted increased interest over the past decade. In particular, researchers have attempted to elucidate whether cannabis use increases the risk of psychosis among vulnerable individuals or may just represent attempts to self-medicate distressing symptoms. While a growing literature suggests that cannabis use may contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms, these findings are based primarily on retrospective assessments that have limited ability to clarify the temporal link between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms. The authors review the literature regarding the link between cannabis use and psychotic symptoms; point out the limitations associated with retrospective assessments; and discuss advantages of incorporating daily diary methods, such as Experience Sampling Method (ESM), to study cannabis use and symptoms during daily functioning in \"real world\" environments. The authors also discuss potential future applications of ESM in research and clinical practice that may inform the identification of individuals vulnerable to develop psychotic symptoms, as well as the development of treatments that target this population.","PeriodicalId":87453,"journal":{"name":"Primary psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709865/pdf/nihms-110261.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28308839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Utility of a Connecting Framework to Facilitate Understanding of and Reduce the Disparities in Hospice Care Experienced by Racial and Ethnic Minorities. 连结框架之应用，以协助了解及减少少数族裔在安宁疗护方面的差异。

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2008-10-01

Janice A Chilton, Evaon C Wong-Kim, Jeffrey J Guidry, Beverly J Gor, Lovell A Jones

引用次数: 0

Ethnic Differences in Suicidal Ideation and Attempts. 自杀意念和企图的种族差异。

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2008-01-01

M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Maria A Oquendo, Carlos Blanco

{"title":"Ethnic Differences in Suicidal Ideation and Attempts.","authors":"M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Maria A Oquendo, Carlos Blanco","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is one of the leading causes of death, and suicidal ideation and attempts are a major public health problem. However, little is known about the relationship between ethnicity and suicidal behaviors.The goal of this article is to provide an update on the relationship between ethnicity and suicidal ideation and attempts. We review the rates of suicide ideation/attempts across ethnic groups in the US, and the risk factors associated with suicide attempts in each ethnic group.The results of published studies have been inconsistent. Some studies have suggested that non-Hispanic Whites have significantly higher suicide attempt risk than other ethnic groups, while two studies using national data did not find any significant relationship between race/ethnicity and suicide ideation or attempts. From the epidemiological point of view, these findings underscore the need to conduct large studies in general population samples that include enough individuals from all ethnic groups and that are large enough to detect significant effects among those groups. From the clinical point of view, mental health professionals should focus on factors that have been consistently found to be strongly associated with suicide attempts across different populations, including major depression and other psychiatric disorders, female gender, and young age.","PeriodicalId":87453,"journal":{"name":"Primary psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846794/pdf/nihms131510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28890301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suicidality in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. 身体畸形障碍的自杀倾向。

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2007-12-01

Katharine A Phillips

引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders 昼夜节律睡眠障碍

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.1378/smbr.4th.63

P. Zee

{"title":"Circadian rhythm sleep disorders","authors":"P. Zee","doi":"10.1378/smbr.4th.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1378/smbr.4th.63","url":null,"abstract":"Endogenous circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are ubiquitous among mammals and are regulated by a master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. These intrinsic circadian rhythms are synchronized by light, melatonin, and social or physical activity to the 24-hour external light and dark cycles. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSD) occur when there is an alteration of the internal circadian timing mechanisms or a misalignment between the timing of sleep and the 24-hour social and physical environments. CRSDs, such as delayed sleep phase, advanced sleep phase and shift work sleep disorder, are often under-recognized, yet should be considered in the differential of patients presenting with symptoms of insomnia and/or hypersomnia. Because behavioral and environmental factors often are involved in the development and maintenance of these disorders, a multimodal treatment approach that combines behavioral and/or pharmacologic approaches is usually required. In addition to good sleep habits, timed exposure to bright light and melatonin can be used for the treatment of CRSD. Rapid advances in understanding the physiologic, cellular, and molecular basis of circadian rhythm and sleep regulation will likely lead to improved diagnostic tools and treatments for CRSDs.","PeriodicalId":87453,"journal":{"name":"Primary psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66613363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

The Presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Medical Settings. 身体畸形障碍在医疗环境中的表现。

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2006-07-01

Katharine A Phillips

引用次数: 0

IMAGING THE BRAIN AS SCHIZOPHRENIA DEVELOPS: DYNAMIC & GENETIC BRAIN MAPS. 精神分裂症发展过程中的大脑成像：动态和遗传脑图

Primary psychiatry Pub Date : 2002-01-01

Paul Thompson, Judith L Rapoport, Tyrone D Cannon, Arthur W Toga

{"title":"IMAGING THE BRAIN AS SCHIZOPHRENIA DEVELOPS: DYNAMIC & GENETIC BRAIN MAPS.","authors":"Paul Thompson, Judith L Rapoport, Tyrone D Cannon, Arthur W Toga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects 0.2-2% of the population worldwide. Often striking without warning in the late teens or early twenties, its symptoms include auditory and visual hallucinations, psychotic outbreaks, bizarre or disordered thinking, depression and social withdrawal. To combat the disease, new antipsychotic drugs are emerging; these atypical neuroleptics target dopamine and serotonin pathways in the brain, offering increased therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects. Despite their moderate success in controlling some patients' symptoms, little is known about the causes of schizophrenia, and what triggers the disease. Its peculiar age of onset raises key questions: What physical changes occur in the brain as a patient develops schizophrenia? Do these deficits spread in the brain, and can they be opposed? How do they relate to psychotic symptoms? As risk for the disease is genetically transmitted, do a patient's relatives exhibit similar brain changes? Recent advances in brain imaging and genetics provide exciting insight on these questions. Neuroimaging can now chart the emergence and progression of deficits in the brain, providing an exceptionally sharp scalpel to dissect the effects of genetic risk, environmental triggers, and susceptibility genes. Visualizing the dynamics of the disease, these techniques also offer new strategies to evaluate drugs that combat the unrelenting symptoms of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":87453,"journal":{"name":"Primary psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2877521/pdf/nihms47055.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29027050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0