Parasitology open最新文献

Effects of diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment on Brugia malayi gene expression in infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). 二乙基卡马嗪和伊维菌素对感染沙鼠马来布鲁氏菌基因表达的影响

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-03-08 DOI: 10.1017/pao.2019.1

Mary J Maclean, W Walter Lorenz, Michael T Dzimianski, Christopher Anna, Andrew R Moorhead, Barbara J Reaves, Adrian J Wolstenholme

{"title":"Effects of diethylcarbamazine and ivermectin treatment on Brugia malayi gene expression in infected gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).","authors":"Mary J Maclean, W Walter Lorenz, Michael T Dzimianski, Christopher Anna, Andrew R Moorhead, Barbara J Reaves, Adrian J Wolstenholme","doi":"10.1017/pao.2019.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pao.2019.1","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphatic filariasis (LF) threatens nearly 20% of the world's population and has handicapped one-third of the 120 million people currently infected. Current control and elimination programs for LF rely on mass drug administration of albendazole plus diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin. Only the mechanism of action of albendazole is well understood. To gain a better insight into antifilarial drug action in vivo, we treated gerbils harbouring patent Brugia malayi infections with 6 mg kg-1 DEC, 0.15 mg kg-1 ivermectin or 1 mg kg-1 albendazole. Treatments had no effect on the numbers of worms present in the peritoneal cavity of treated animals, so effects on gene expression were a direct result of the drug and not complicated by dying parasites. Adults and microfilariae were collected 1 and 7 days post-treatment and RNA isolated for transcriptomic analysis. The experiment was repeated three times. Ivermectin treatment produced the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 113. DEC treatment yielded 61 DEGs. Albendazole treatment resulted in little change in gene expression, with only 6 genes affected. In total, nearly 200 DEGs were identified with little overlap between treatment groups, suggesting that these drugs may interfere in different ways with processes important for parasite survival, development, and reproduction.","PeriodicalId":87334,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology open","volume":"5 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pao.2019.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25527456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Molecular evolution in immune genes across the avian tree of life. 鸟类生命之树免疫基因的分子进化。

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/PAO.2019.3

D. Outlaw, V. W. Walstrom, Haley N. Bodden, Chuan-yu Hsu, Mark A. Arick, D. Peterson

{"title":"Molecular evolution in immune genes across the avian tree of life.","authors":"D. Outlaw, V. W. Walstrom, Haley N. Bodden, Chuan-yu Hsu, Mark A. Arick, D. Peterson","doi":"10.1017/PAO.2019.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/PAO.2019.3","url":null,"abstract":"All organisms encounter pathogens, and birds are especially susceptible to infection by malaria parasites and other haemosporidians. It is important to understand how immune genes, primarily innate immune genes which are the first line of host defense, have evolved across birds, a highly diverse group of tetrapods. Here, we find that innate immune genes are highly conserved across the avian tree of life and that although most show evidence of positive or diversifying selection within specific lineages or clades, the number of sites is often proportionally low in this broader context of putative constraint. Rather, the evidence shows a much higher level of negative or purifying selection in these innate immune genes - rather than adaptive immune genes - which is consistent with birds' long coevolutionary history with pathogens and the need to maintain a rapid response to infection. We further explored avian responses to haemosporidians by comparing differential gene expression in wild birds (1) uninfected with haemosporidians, (2) infected with Plasmodium, and (3) infected with Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus). We found patterns of significant differential expression with some genes unique to infection with each genus and a few shared between \"treatment\" groups, but none that overlapped with the genes included in the phylogenetic study.","PeriodicalId":87334,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology open","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/PAO.2019.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57048610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A multiplex PCR test to identify four common cattle-adapted Cryptosporidium species - CORRIGENDUM 鉴定四种常见的牛适应隐孢子虫的多重PCR试验-勘误

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/PAO.2018.16

S. Thomson, E. Innes, N. Jonsson, F. Katzer

引用次数: 3

ROS regulate differentiation of visceralizing Leishmania species into the virulent amastigote form. 活性氧调节内脏利什曼原虫分化为毒力强的无尾虫。

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-06 DOI: 10.1017/pao.2018.15

Yousuf A Khan, Norma W Andrews, Bidyottam Mittra

{"title":"ROS regulate differentiation of visceralizing Leishmania species into the virulent amastigote form.","authors":"Yousuf A Khan, Norma W Andrews, Bidyottam Mittra","doi":"10.1017/pao.2018.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pao.2018.15","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmania virulence and disease development critically depends on the ability of Leishmania promastigotes to infect, differentiate into amastigote forms and replicate inside mammalian host macrophages. Understanding changes associated with amastigote differentiation in axenic culture conditions is key to identifying virulence factors. Here we compared efficiency of the conventional pH-temperature-dependent shift method to induce amastigote differentiation with the recently identified trigger for differentiation mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using two different visceral leishmaniasis species, L. infantum and. L. donovani, we show that ROS-generating methods such as iron deprivation or exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of H2O2 or menadione are significantly more effective in promoting promastigoteamastigote differentiation than the low pH-high temperature shift, leading to higher survival rates, morphological changes and gene expression patterns characteristic of the amastigote stage. Notably, both H2O2 and menadione-mediated differentiation did not require up-regulation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC)-associated protein p27, suggesting that treatment with oxidants bypasses the necessity to upregulate mitochondrial activity, a precondition for mROS generation. Our findings confirm that ROS-induced differentiation occurs in multiple Leishmania species, including the medically important visceralizing species, and provide mechanistic rationale for earlier reports demonstrating markedly increased virulence of L. infantum promastigotes pre-treated with oxidative reagents.","PeriodicalId":87334,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology open","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pao.2018.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37242482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The mitochondrial genomes of the mesozoans Intoshia linei, Dicyema sp. and Dicyema japonicum. 中低等动物的线粒体基因组研究。

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.1017/pao.2018.12

Helen E Robertson, Philipp H Schiffer, Maximilian J Telford

{"title":"The mitochondrial genomes of the mesozoans Intoshia linei, Dicyema sp. and Dicyema japonicum.","authors":"Helen E Robertson, Philipp H Schiffer, Maximilian J Telford","doi":"10.1017/pao.2018.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pao.2018.12","url":null,"abstract":"The Dicyemida and Orthonectida are two groups of tiny, simple, vermiform parasites that have historically been united in a group named the Mesozoa. Both Dicyemida and Orthonectida have just two cell layers and appear to lack any defined tissues. They were initially thought to be evolutionary intermediates between protozoans and metazoans but more recent analyses indicate that they are protostomian metazoans that have undergone secondary simplification from a complex ancestor. Here we describe the first almost complete mitochondrial genome sequence from an orthonectid, Intoshia linei, and describe nine and eight mitochondrial protein-coding genes from Dicyema sp. and Dicyema japonicum, respectively. The 14,247 base pair long I. linei sequence has typical metazoan gene content, but is exceptionally AT-rich, and has a unique gene order. The data we have analysed from the Dicyemida provide very limited support for the suggestion that dicyemid mitochondrial genes are found on discrete mini-circles, as opposed to the large circular mitochondrial genomes that are typical of the Metazoa. The cox1 gene from dicyemid species has a series of conserved, in-frame deletions that is unique to this lineage. Using cox1 genes from across the genus Dicyema, we report the first internal phylogeny of this group.","PeriodicalId":87334,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology open","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/pao.2018.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36393563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Trypanosoma amblyommi sp. nov. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) isolated from Amblyomma brasiliense (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 从巴西里约热内卢的Amblyomma brasiliense（Acari: Ixodidae）蜱中分离出的Trypanosoma amblyommi sp.

Parasitology open Pub Date : 2018-01-01 Epub Date: 2018-01-11 DOI: 10.1017/pao.2017.17

Carolina R Marotta, Priscilla N Dos Santos, Matheus D Cordeiro, Juliana Helena Da S Barros, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Adivaldo H Fonseca

{"title":"Trypanosoma amblyommi sp. nov. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) isolated from Amblyomma brasiliense (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.","authors":"Carolina R Marotta, Priscilla N Dos Santos, Matheus D Cordeiro, Juliana Helena Da S Barros, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Adivaldo H Fonseca","doi":"10.1017/pao.2017.17","DOIUrl":"10.1017/pao.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"Parasites of the genus Trypanosoma are microorganisms that display wide morphological, biological and genetic variability. Here we present the first description of an isolate of the genus Trypanosoma naturally infecting the tick Amblyomma brasiliense. The ticks were collected from a specimen of Tayassu pecari (Queixada, white-lipped peccary) from the Itatiaia National Park, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate was characterised by molecular, morphometric and biological analyses. A Trypanosoma culture was isolated from crushed nymphal and adult ticks, propagated in the tick cell line IDE8 and maintained in L15B culture medium, incubated at 32 °C. The isolate grew well in L15B medium at 30 °C, 32 °C and 34 °C but not at lower or higher temperatures. The culture remained stable in axenic L15B medium at 30 °C. Cryopreserved cultures retained viability after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. Growth in axenic medium and developmental forms of the trypanosomes were analysed. Analysis of the 18S rDNA region confirmed the authenticity of this new species and the nucleotide sequence was deposited in Genbank. The species was named Trypanosoma amblyommi sp. nov. strain C1RJ. Characteristics related to pathogenicity, involvement with vertebrate hosts, epidemiology, developmental cycle and transmission mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, further studies are necessary to understand aspects of the biological cycle of Trypanosoma amblyommi sp. nov.","PeriodicalId":87334,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology open","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5837022/pdf/emss-76271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35893558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0